共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Zurbuchen TH Raines JM Slavin JA Gershman DJ Gilbert JA Gloeckler G Anderson BJ Baker DN Korth H Krimigis SM Sarantos M Schriver D McNutt RL Solomon SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6051):1862-1865
Global measurements by MESSENGER of the fluxes of heavy ions at Mercury, particularly sodium (Na(+)) and oxygen (O(+)), exhibit distinct maxima in the northern magnetic-cusp region, indicating that polar regions are important sources of Mercury's ionized exosphere, presumably through solar-wind sputtering near the poles. The observed fluxes of helium (He(+)) are more evenly distributed, indicating a more uniform source such as that expected from evaporation from a helium-saturated surface. In some regions near Mercury, especially the nightside equatorial region, the Na(+) pressure can be a substantial fraction of the proton pressure. 相似文献
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Krimigis SM Mitchell DG Hamilton DC Krupp N Livi S Roelof EC Dandouras J Armstrong TP Mauk BH Paranicas C Brandt PC Bolton S Cheng AF Choo T Gloeckler G Hayes J Hsieh KC Ip WH Jaskulek S Keath EP Kirsch E Kusterer M Lagg A Lanzerotti LJ Lavallee D Manweiler J McEntire RW Rasmuss W Saur J Turner FS Williams DJ Woch J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5713):1270-1273
The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) onboard the Cassini spacecraft observed the saturnian magnetosphere from January 2004 until Saturn orbit insertion (SOI) on 1 July 2004. The MIMI sensors observed frequent energetic particle activity in interplanetary space for several months before SOI. When the imaging sensor was switched to its energetic neutral atom (ENA) operating mode on 20 February 2004, at approximately 10(3) times Saturn's radius RS (0.43 astronomical units), a weak but persistent signal was observed from the magnetosphere. About 10 days before SOI, the magnetosphere exhibited a day-night asymmetry that varied with an approximately 11-hour periodicity. Once Cassini entered the magnetosphere, in situ measurements showed high concentrations of H+, H2+, O+, OH+, and H2O+ and low concentrations of N+. The radial dependence of ion intensity profiles implies neutral gas densities sufficient to produce high loss rates of trapped ions from the middle and inner magnetosphere. ENA imaging has revealed a radiation belt that resides inward of the D ring and is probably the result of double charge exchange between the main radiation belt and the upper layers of Saturn's exosphere. 相似文献
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Slavin JA Acuña MH Anderson BJ Baker DN Benna M Gloeckler G Gold RE Ho GC Killen RM Korth H Krimigis SM McNutt RL Nittler LR Raines JM Schriver D Solomon SC Starr RD Trávnícek P Zurbuchen TH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5885):85-89
Observations by MESSENGER show that Mercury's magnetosphere is immersed in a comet-like cloud of planetary ions. The most abundant, Na+, is broadly distributed but exhibits flux maxima in the magnetosheath, where the local plasma flow speed is high, and near the spacecraft's closest approach, where atmospheric density should peak. The magnetic field showed reconnection signatures in the form of flux transfer events, azimuthal rotations consistent with Kelvin-Helmholtz waves along the magnetopause, and extensive ultralow-frequency wave activity. Two outbound current sheet boundaries were observed, across which the magnetic field decreased in a manner suggestive of a double magnetopause. The separation of these current layers, comparable to the gyro-radius of a Na+ pickup ion entering the magnetosphere after being accelerated in the magnetosheath, may indicate a planetary ion boundary layer. 相似文献
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Solomon SC McNutt RL Watters TR Lawrence DJ Feldman WC Head JW Krimigis SM Murchie SL Phillips RJ Slavin JA Zuber MT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5885):59-62
In January 2008, the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft became the first probe to fly past the planet Mercury in 33 years. The encounter revealed that Mercury is a dynamic system; its liquid iron-rich outer core is coupled through a dominantly dipolar magnetic field to the surface, exosphere, and magnetosphere, all of which interact with the solar wind. MESSENGER images confirm that lobate scarps are the dominant tectonic landform and record global contraction associated with cooling of the planet. The history of contraction can be related to the history of volcanism and cratering, and the total contractional strain is at least one-third greater than inferred from Mariner 10 images. On the basis of measurements of thermal neutrons made during the flyby, the average abundance of iron in Mercury's surface material is less than 6% by weight. 相似文献
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Monochromatic images of Mercury at the sodium D(2) emission line showed excess sodium emission in localized regions at high northern and southern latitudes and day-to-day global variations in the distribution of sodium emission. These phenomena support the suggestion that magnetospheric effects could be the cause. Sputtering of surface minerals could produce sodium vapor in polar regions during magnetic substorms, when magnetospheric ions directly impact the surface. Another important process may be the transport of sodium ions along magnetic field lines toward polar regions, where they impact directly on the surface of Mercury and are neutralized to regenerate neutral sodium atoms. Day-to-day variations in planetary sodium distributions could result from changing solar activity, which can change the magnetosphere in time scales of a few hours. Observations of the sodium exosphere may provide a tool for remote monitoring of the magnetosphere of Mercury. 相似文献
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蒙自石榴皮中单宁的提取及其物性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]更好地利用蒙自石榴皮,为开发当地经济资源作贡献。[方法]采用水溶法,提取蒙自石榴皮中的单宁,并利用分光光度法对所提取单宁的理化性能进行研究。[结果]水溶法提取石榴皮中的单宁含量高达25%,其最大吸收波长为360 nm,热稳定性良好,pH值为5.1~5.4,在酸性条件下稳定,碱性条件对单宁的稳定性略有影响。单宁对金属离子Na+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+稳定性好,而Al3+、Fe3+对其稳定性有较大影响。单宁受葡萄糖、淀粉等碳水化合物及抗坏血酸、H2O2、Na2S2O4等氧化剂、还原剂的影响不明显,是一种稳定性较好的天然植物黄色素。[结论]水溶法提取石榴皮中的单宁,工艺简单,生产成本低,安全可靠,具有一定的开发价值。 相似文献
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Responses of Contrasting Rice （Oryza sativa L.） Genotypes to Salt Stress as Affected by Nutrient Concentrations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Zhen-hua LIU Qiang SONG Hai-xing RONG Xiang-min Abdelbagi M Ismail 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(2):195-206
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of applying different concentrations of the macronutrients K+,Ca2+,and Mg2+on the responses of contrasting rice(Oryza sativa L.)genotypes under salt stress.A solution culture experiment was conducted in a phytotron at the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI),under controlled temperature and humidity and natural sunlight.When subjected to salt stress of 100 mmol L-1 using NaCl,the salt tolerant genotypes FLA78 and IR651,accumulated less Na+and maintained lower ratios of Na+/K+,Na+/Ca2+,and Na+/Mg2+than the sensitive genotypes IR29 and Azucena.These tolerant genotypes also had higher concentrations of K+in their shoots and greater root and shoot biomass and green leaf area.Tolerant genotypes also maintained much lower concentration of Na+and lower and more favorable ratios of Na+/K+,Na+/Ca2+,and Na+/Mg2+in their active and developing tissues.Salt tolerance and shoot and root growth of both tolerant and sensitive genotypes were enhanced considerably when higher concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+were applied in culture solution.The concentration of Na+and the ratios of Na+/K+,Na+/Ca2+.and Na+/Mg2+ in shoots also declined significantly.The beneficial effects of higher calcium were greater than that of magnesium and application of higher concentration of K+seems to have minor effects.Responses to salinity in rice can therefore be considerably enhanced through proper nutrient management,by increasing the concentrations of nu～ient elements that have favorable effects such as Ca2+and Mg2+Calcium is particularly more effective than both magnesium and potassium,and can be applied at relatively larger quantities in salt affected soils. 相似文献
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McClintock WE Bradley ET Vervack RJ Killen RM Sprague AL Izenberg NR Solomon SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5885):92-94
During MESSENGER's first Mercury flyby, the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer measured Mercury's exospheric emissions, including those from the antisunward sodium tail, calcium and sodium close to the planet, and hydrogen at high altitudes on the dayside. Spatial variations indicate that multiple source and loss processes generate and maintain the exosphere. Energetic processes connected to the solar wind and magnetospheric interaction with the planet likely played an important role in determining the distributions of exospheric species during the flyby. 相似文献
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四种金属离子对地图幼鱼淀粉酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以酶学分析的方法研究了4种金属离子Na＋、K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋分别在单因子和双因子条件下对地图幼鱼淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明：在设定的浓度梯度内,单因子条件下,除Ca2＋对淀粉酶活性起强烈的抑制作用外,其余3种离子对淀粉酶活性均起促进作用,其中Mg2＋的促进作用最强。双因子条件下,Na＋和K＋互作对淀粉酶的激活作用高于2者单独作用,Na＋和Mg2＋在一定浓度下互作对淀粉酶的激活作用高于2者单独作用,而K＋和Mg2＋互作则会抑制Mg2＋的激活作用。 相似文献
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【目的】进一步探明盐胁迫条件下营养元素K+、Ca2+和Mg2+对苗期不同水稻基因型耐盐性的影响差异,为明确作物耐盐胁迫的生理机制、提高作物耐盐胁迫能力提供参考。【方法】于2009年1—4月在严格控制水、温、光和营养元素供应的国际水稻研究所人工气候室进行水培试验,比较研究营养液中K+、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度的变化对不同水稻基因型苗期耐盐性的影响。【结果】在盐胁迫条件下(100mmol·L-1NaCl),耐盐基因型(FL478和IR651)与盐敏感基因型(IR29和Azucena)相比,植株体内有较低的Na+含量和Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+、Na+/Mg2+比,有较高的K+含量,这些都是耐盐基因型耐盐胁迫能力高于盐敏感基因型的内在原因。盐胁迫条件下提高营养液中Ca2+和Mg2+的含量(60mg·L-1),可显著降低植株体Na+含量和Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+、Na+/Mg2+比,明显减轻盐胁迫的危害,增强水稻耐盐胁迫能力,且Ca2+处理的效果优于Mg2+处理;而提高营养液K+含量对以上指标的影响远远小于Ca2+处理和Mg2+处理,这也是K+处理对水稻耐盐性影响相对不明显的内在原因。【结论】K+、Ca2+和Mg2+在植株体内的含量及其与Na+的比值变化都会影响水稻苗期耐盐性;适当提高水稻生长环境的Ca2+和Mg2+浓度可以明显增强植株耐盐胁迫能力,营养元素Ca2+的效果比Mg2+明显;而K+对水稻耐盐性的影响相对不明显。 相似文献
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不同种植年限黄芪的耐盐性及抑盐效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对不同年限黄芪(Astragalus membranaceusBge.)种植土壤中盐离子的测定,研究了黄芪对盐碱地的改良效果,结果表明:与对照的裸地相比黄芪对盐碱地有明显的改良作用;种植黄芪后,0~80 cm土层除K+外,Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-等盐离子浓度和pH值都明显降低;种植黄芪可提高土壤的K+/Na+,使盐碱地得以改良.黄芪耐盐试验显示:有害盐分离子Cl-、Na+主要存在于两年生黄芪的根和茎中;Na+主要存在于一年生黄芪的叶中,而Cl-主要存在于根和茎中;且盐碱地黄芪叶片膜透性和脯氨酸含量高于较非盐碱地种植的黄芪. 相似文献
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红苋草色素提取工艺及稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对红苋草(Alternanthera bettzickiana L.)色素的提取工艺和稳定性进行了初步研究。结果表明,红苋草色素最佳提取工艺条件为体积分数2%的盐酸水溶液作为提取剂、提取温度为30℃、提取时间为1.5 h、料液比为1∶20(m∶V,g/mL)。常见食品添加剂对色素无明显影响,食盐对色素有一定的增色作用;氧化剂H2O2和还原剂NaHSO3都会导致色素降解,并且随着H2O2和NaHSO3浓度的增加,红苋草色素降解的速度加快;金属离子Mg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、K+、Na+对红苋草色素没有明显影响,Ba2+对色素具有增色作用,而Al3+可导致色素退色。在该色素的制备与使用过程中应避免其与氧化剂、还原剂和Al3+接触。 相似文献
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采用酶学分析方法研究K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+4种金属离子对卡拉白鱼肝胰脏、前肠、中肠、后肠淀粉酶活性的影响,金属离子浓度设定为25~150 mmoL/L。结果表明,在设定的浓度范围内,4种金属离子对卡拉白鱼消化组织淀粉酶活性影响不同,其中K+、Na+对肝胰脏、前肠、中肠和后肠的淀粉酶活性具有不同程度的促进作用,而Mg2+与Ca2+对卡拉白鱼消化器官均表现为不同程度的抑制作用。由此得出结论:25~75 mmoL/L的K+、Na+对卡拉白鱼淀粉酶活性促进作用较为明显,在配合饲料中可适量添加。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对2种鹅耳枥幼苗生长及离子吸收、分配与运输的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2种鹅耳枥属植物(欧洲鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥)2年生幼苗为试验材料,采用不同浓度NaCl溶液进行胁迫处理,对其生长和Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+等矿质离子在不同器官的分配、吸收与运输情况进行研究,探讨2种鹅耳枥的耐盐性差异。结果表明:盐胁迫下,2种鹅耳枥生长受到显著抑制,高浓度盐胁迫下(0.3%~0.5%)死亡率逐渐增加,且欧洲鹅耳枥死亡率高于鹅耳枥。各部分干质量随着NaCl浓度的增加而降低,0.3%~0.5%盐处理下,欧洲鹅耳枥总干质量下降比率高于鹅耳枥。随着盐胁迫的加重,2种鹅耳枥对Na+的吸收均增大,高浓度盐胁迫下,欧洲鹅耳枥体内Na+含量高于鹅耳枥,且欧洲鹅耳枥Na+主要集中在茎部,而鹅耳枥Na+主要集中在根部;K+在叶片中均维持较高的水平,Ca2+和 Mg2+含量变化不大;2种鹅耳枥不同器官中的K+/ Na+、Ca2+/ Na+和 Mg2+/ Na+随盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势,且显著低于对照,盐处理组中,鹅耳枥幼苗茎和叶片的离子比值均高于欧洲鹅耳枥。随着NaCl浓度的增加,欧洲鹅耳枥幼苗从根到茎的离子选择性运输能力下降,从茎到叶片的离子选择性运输能力先降低后增加,鹅耳枥从根部到叶片整体的离子选择性运输能力均显著高于欧洲鹅耳枥。综合分析表明,高浓度的盐胁迫对2种鹅耳枥均产生不利影响,造成植物体内盐离子积累,但鹅耳枥幼苗保持体内离子平衡能力高于欧洲鹅耳枥,其耐盐性高于欧洲鹅耳枥。 相似文献
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磷对海水抑制芦荟幼苗生长的缓解效应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了不同磷水平对海水胁迫下库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera)幼苗干物质积累、叶片伸长速率、叶绿素含量、叶片细胞膜透性、根系活力和K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl- 含量的影响。结果表明，30％浓度海水胁迫下，外源磷水平的提高能明显增加芦荟幼苗植株的干重, 显著提高其叶片伸长速率、叶绿素含量和根系活力，降低叶片电解质渗漏率。且增磷显著降低根系Na+、Cl- 含量，促进K+、Ca2+ 向地上部运输，维持叶片较高的K+/ Na+ 、Ca2+/ Na+ 和SK,Na, 从而改善其地上部的离子平衡，明显缓解30%海水对芦荟幼苗生长的抑制作用。 相似文献
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[目的]为翘嘴红鲌人工繁殖中最佳受精激活介质的选择提供理论依据。[方法]采用平板载片法,研究了pH、葡萄糖和Na＋、K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋等金属离子及河水、瀑气自来水、去离子水和蒸馏水对翘嘴红鮊精子活力的影响,探讨翘嘴红鮊精子在不同溶液中的活力变化。[结果]翘嘴红鮊精子活力受pH和葡萄糖、Na＋、K＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋浓度的影响。Na＋是激活翘嘴红鮊精子的主要因子。Mg2＋是抑制翘嘴红鮊精子活力的主要因子。4种水体中翘嘴红鮊精子活力的顺序依次为河水〉瀑气自来水〉去离子水〉蒸馏水。[结论]翘嘴红鮊人工授精的激活溶液宜采用河水配制,pH 8.5,且应含75 mmol/L Na＋、0.7 mmol/L K＋、3 mmol/L Ca2＋和1 g/L葡萄糖。 相似文献
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4种金属离子对红白锦鲤消化组织淀粉酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以酶学分析方法研究4种金属离子(K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+)对红白锦鲤肝胰脏、前肠、中肠、后肠淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明,在设定的浓度范围内(25～150mmoL/L),4种金属离子对淀粉酶活性影响不同。K+、Na+对肝胰脏、前肠、中肠和后肠的淀粉酶活性有不同程度的促进作用,而Mg2+对肝胰脏、前肠、后肠的淀粉酶活性有不同程度的促进作用;Mg2+对中肠的淀粉酶活性有不同程度的抑制作用,Ca2+除对肝胰脏淀粉酶没有明显抑制以外,对肠均有不同程度的抑制。 相似文献
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盐胁迫下外源SA对菊花体内离子含量和净光合速率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】研究盐胁迫下外源SA对菊花植株的耐盐响应机理。【方法】采用SA叶面喷施法,研究NaCl胁迫下外源SA对菊花根、叶片和叶绿体中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量及叶片净光合速率的影响。【结果】NaCl处理的菊花根系、叶片和叶绿体中Na+的含量与对照相比均显著增加,而K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量均显著减少。在盐胁迫第10天时,SA+NaCl处理的菊花根系K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量与NaCl处理相比,分别增加37.70%、16.44%和20.54%,而Na+含量则减少27.13%。SA+NaCl处理的菊花叶片K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量与NaCl处理相比,分别增加56.52%、53.23%和87.53%,而Na+含量则减少53.41%,叶片Pn也增加40.74%。SA+NaCl处理的菊花叶片叶绿体中K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量与NaCl处理相比,分别增加67.97%、79.40%和89.32%,而Na+含量则减少76.06%。与NaCl处理相比,SA+NaCl处理时,根系、叶片和叶绿体中的SK, Na、SCa, Na和SMg,Na均显著增加。相关性分析表明,Pn与Na+具有显著的负相关性;而与K+、Ca2+、Mg2+显著正相关。【结论】盐胁迫下外源SA可以通过调节菊花体内对K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的选择性吸收和运输,缓解盐胁迫对菊花植株的伤害程度。 相似文献