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1.
Elongated glumes are present in thetetraploid wheat species T.polonicum, T. turanicum, T.durum convar. falcatum and in thehexaploid species T. petropavlovskyi.Inheritance of glume length was studiedwith the aim to map the respective lociusing wheat microsatellite markers. In T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyiloci conferring long glume were mapped nearthe centromere on chromosome 7A. These twoloci are designated P-A
pol
1 andP-A
pet
1, respectively. It isshown that both are probably homoeoallelicto each other and to the P gene ofT. ispahanicum on chromosome 7B. The loci determining elongated glumes in T. turanicum and T. durum conv. falcatum are not homoeologous to the P loci in the centromeric region of thegroup 7 chromosomes. 相似文献
2.
Telosomic mapping of the homoeologous genes for the long glume phenotype in tetraploid wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Triticum turgidum ssp. polonicum and T. ispahanicum were characterized by the long glume phenotype. P
1 gene determines the long glume phenotype of T. polonicum, and locates on chromosome 7A. T. ispahanicum has shorter glume than T. polonicum and the long glumephenotype is determined by P
2 gene located on chromosome 7B. In the present study, aneuploid stocks of `Langdon' durum wheat were used to map the genes, P
1 and P
2. P
1 located on the long arms of chromosome 7A and its map distances from the centromere was 14.5 cM. On chromosome 7B, four loci located as cc (chocolate black chaff) – Pc (purple culm) – centromere – P
2 – cn-BI (chlorina). P
2 located on the long arms of chromosome 7B and its map distances from the centromere was 11.7 cM. It was suggested that a paralogous gene set conditions long glume phenotype in the homoeologous group 7 chromosomes. The P
1 and P
2 genes may be useful as genetic markers in tetraploid wheat. 相似文献
3.
Xiaoling Ji Chaojie Xie Zhongfu Ni Tsomin Yang Eviatar Nevo Tzion Fahima Zhiyong Liu Qixin Sun 《Euphytica》2008,159(3):385-390
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China and worldwide, causing severe yield losses annually. Wild emmer (T. dicoccoides) accession IW72 collected from Israel is resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult stages. Genetic analysis indicated
that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlIW72. The F2 population and F3 families derived from a hybrid between IW72 and susceptible durum wheat line Mo75 were used for molecular mapping of the
resistance gene. MlIW72 was linked with SSR loci Xgwm344, Xcfa2040, Xcfa2240, Xcfa2257 and Xwmc525 on the long arm of chromosome 7A. In addition, two STS markers, MAG2185 (derived from RFLP marker PSR680) and MAG1759 (developed
from EST CD452874), were mapped close to MlIW72. All these markers were physically located in the terminal bin 0.86–1.00 of 7AL. The chromosome location and genetic mapping
results suggested that the powdery mildew resistance gene identified in wild emmer accession IW72 might be a new allele at
the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1. 相似文献
4.
N. Watanabe 《Euphytica》1999,106(1):39-43
The Ispahan emmer wheat, Triticum ispahanicum Heslot, was discovered in Iran 1957 by the French expedition of Vinnot- Bourgen.
T. ispahanicum has a long glume and a more slender spike than T. turgidum var. polonicum. The objectives of this study were
(1) to determine the inheritance and chromosomal location of the gene for long glume, P2, from T. ispahanicum using the near-
isogenic line P2-LD222, and (2) to compare the effects of the genes for long glume. The gene for long glume, P2, was located
approximately 36.5 cM from the cn-B1 locus, which controls the chlorina trait and approximately 40 cM from the centromere
on the long arm of 7B. The location of P2 approximately 29.6 cM from the Pc locus produced additional evidence that the order
of loci was cn-B1, P2, and Pc. This raises the possibility of a paralogous gene set conditioning long glumes. A significant
deviation from a 3:1 ratio in the F2 of LDN 7D(7B)/P2-LD222 confirmed the location of P2 on chromosome 7B. It is proposed
that T. ispahanicum originated as a mutation of a gene affecting glume length on chromosome 7B of T. dicoccum, a spelt type
of cultivated tetraploid wheat.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Chromosomal localization and linkage mapping of a powdery mildewresistance gene were conducted in the resistant wheat line Pova, derivedfrom a Triticum aestivum cv. Poros-Aegilops ovata-alien additionline. Monosomic analysis revealed that a major dominant gene was locatedon chromosome 7D. This gene possessed a distinct disease response patternagainst a differential set of Blumeria graminis tritici isolates andsegregated independently from resistance gene Pm19 also located onwheat chromosome 7D. Molecular genetic analysis showed that theresistance gene in Pova was specifically located on the long arm ofchromosome 7D closely linked to one RFLP and three AFLP markers. It isproposed that the new gene be designated Pm29. 相似文献
6.
Summary Several near-isogenic lines of durum wheat cv. LD222 have been developed. These include a near-isogenic line carrying gene P and designated P-LD222. The P gene from Triticum polonicum determines a long empty outer glume. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance and chromosomal location of the P gene. To determine the inheritance, P-LD222 was crossed to two chlorina mutants and to a near-isogenic line for the purple culm trait, Pc-LD222. Linkage of the P gene with the mutated gene in chlorina mutant CDd6 indicated that the P gene was located on chromosome 7A. P-LD222 was also crossed with durum cultivar Langdon (LDN) and the LDN D genome substitution lines, LDN 7D(7A) and LDN 7D(7B). Segregation for the long glume trait in the F2 of LDN/P-LD222 and LDN 7D(7B)/P-LD222 was normal (3:1) and indicated P gene was not on chromosome 7B. Significant deviation from a 3:1 in the F2 of LDN 7D(7A)/P-LD222 confirmed the location of P on chromosome 7A, as indicated by the linkage analysis. 相似文献
7.
The distribution of hybrid necrosis genes in aboriginal wheats of Middle Asia (Tadzhikistan, Kyrghyzstan, Uzbekistan, and
Turkmenistan) was studied. Necrotic genotypes were identified in 154 samples including 147 samples of Triticum aestivum, six samples of T. compactum, and one T. antiquorum sample. The absence of the Ne2 gene in this region was shown. About 43.5% of the samples examined were of the Ne1ne2 genotype, while 56.5% of samples had the genotype ne1ne2. The frequency of the Ne1 gene in T. aestivum from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan was higher than in Tadzhikistan and Kyrghyzstan (χ
2 = 13.9; d.f. = 1). The height above sea level had no impact on Ne1 frequencies in cultivated wheats. No correlation between the frequencies of Ne1 and lg genes was revealed. It was suggested that the Middle Asia is a secondary route of wheat distribution from its primary center
of origin. 相似文献
8.
The introduction into bread wheat of a major gene for resistance to powdery mildew from wild emmer wheat 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
Summary A new source of resistance to wheat powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis has been transferred to hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, from the wild tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. The donor was crossed to bread wheat and the pentaploid progeny was then self-pollinated. Plants having a near stable hexaploid chromosome complement were selected in the F3 progeny and topcrossing and backcrossing of these to a second wheat cultivar to improve the phenotype was undertaken. Monosomic analysis of early backcross lines showed the transferred gene to be located on chromosome 4A. The gene has been designated Pm16. 相似文献
9.
Liguleless phenotypes of wheat lack ligule and auricle structures on all leaves of the plant. Two recessive genes principally control the liguleless character in tetraploid wheat. The F2 progenies of k17769 (liguleless mutant)/Triticum dicoccoides and k17769/T. dicoccum segregated in a 15:1 ratio, whereas the F2 progenies of k17769/T. durum and k17769/T. turgidum segregated in a 3:1 ratio. A new gene, lg3, was found on chromosome 2A. Segregation of F2 progenies between k17769 and chromosome substitution lines for homoeologous group 2 chromosomes suggested that the liguleless genotype had occurred by mutation at the lg3 locus on chromosome 2A, and then by mutation at the lg1 locus on chromosome 2B, in the process of domestication of tetraploid wheat. The gene (lg1) was linked to Tc2 (11.9 cM), which determines phenol colour reaction of kernels, on the long arm of chromosome 2B. The distance of lg1 to the centromere was found to be 60.4 cM, and microsatellite mapping established the gene order, centromere – Xgwm382 – Xgwm619 – Tc2 – lg1 on the long arm of chromosome 2B. 相似文献
10.
Summary
Septoria glume blotch, caused by Stagonospora nodorum, is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Separate genetic mechanisms were found to control flag leaf and spike resistance. Genes for resistance to S. nodorum were located on different chromosomes in the few wheat cultivars studied. These studies only partially agree on the chromosome locations of gene in wheat for resistance to S. nodorum, and chromosomal arm locations of such genes are not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the chromosome and chromosomal arm locations of genes that significantly influence resistance to S. nodorum in wheat cultivar Cotipora. Monosomic analysis showed that flag leaf resistance was controlled by genes on chromosomes 3A, 4A, and 3B whereas the spike resistance was controlled by genes on chromosomes 3A, 4A, 7A, and 3B (P=0.01). Additionally, genes on chromosomes 6B and 5A influenced the susceptibility of the flag leaf and spike reactions, respectively (P=0.01). Telocentric analysis showed that genes on both arms of chromosome 3A, and the long arms of chromosomes 4A and 3B were involved in the flag leaf resistance whereas genes on both arms of chromosome 4A, the short arm of chromosome 3A, and the long arm of chromosome 3B conferred spike resistance. 相似文献
11.
A novel gene, designated Pg (purple glume), controlling anthocyanin pigmentation of the glume was identified and mapped in an F2 population from the durum wheat (Triticum durum) cross TRI 15744/TRI 2719. This gene was close to one of the two complementary dominant genes, controlling anthocyanin pigmentation
of the pericarp (gene Pp3) in the centromere region of chromosome 2A; the other Pp gene (Pp1) was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 7B, near gene Pc controlling anthocyanin pigmentation of the culm and co-segregating with Pls (purple leaf sheath) and Plb (purple leaf blade). On the basis of the mapping results, the Pp3, Pc, Pls and Plb genes of T. durum were regarded as allelic to the T. aestivum
Pp3, Pc-B1, Pls-B1 and Plb-B1 loci. The likely allelism of Pp1 in T. durum and T. aestivum remains in dispute, the present durum Pp gene mapped to the short arm of chromosome 7B, whereas in common wheat it was reportedly located on the long arm. 相似文献
12.
S. Schroeder-Teeter R. S. Zemetra D. J. Schotzko C. M. Smith M. Rafi 《Euphytica》1993,74(1-2):117-120
Summary The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae), has become an important pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States. The aphid causes a phytotoxemic reaction in wheat evidenced by local and systemic chlorosis and rolling of infested leaves. Developing resistance in wheat cultivars to D. noxia is an essential factor in controlling the damage caused by this pest. Several sources of genetic resistance to D. noxia have been identified in wheat germplasm. Monosomic analysis of the monogenic resistant T. aestivum accession PI137739 has shown that the gene (Dn1) for resistance is carried on chromosome 7D. It appears that chromosome 7B may carry a second resistance gene for D. noxia that might be a source of minor or complementary gene action for resistance. 相似文献
13.
Summary The genetic control of grain protein percentage (GPP) in the wild tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides, was determined by crossing four accessions of this taxonomic variety with durum cultivar Inbar, and analyzing the parents, F1 and F2 populations. Reciprocal crosses indicated no cytoplasmic effect on GPP. The F2 variation was continuous in all crosses, showing no transgressive segregation. However, crosses between different accessions of var. dicoccoides showed transgressive segregation indicating the presence of different genes for high GPP in these accessions. Grain protein percentage was mostly codominant with high GPP, showing either no dominance, or a weak dominance. Heritability coefficients (broad sense) ranged from 0.30 to 0.53. Correlation coefficients between GPP and yield components were usually significantly negative, with the exception of the number of spikelets per spike, and in some crosses, grain weight.The number and chromosomal location of genes coding for high GPP were determined by the association between GPP and 27 markers (23 morphological and 4 biochemical markers). For this purpose, the genetic control of these markers, their linkage groups and chromosomal location were studied. At least four loci for high GPP that segregated in the F2 populations are suggested: one on chromosome arm 1AS, marked by the black glume gene (Bg); one on 1BS, marked by the HMW gliadin locus Gli-B1; one on group 5, marked by the genes for beaked glume (Bkg) and toothed palea (Tp); and one on group 7, marked by the kinky neck gene (Kn). The relationship between GPP and several yield components was studied in a similar manner. In general, loci of markers that correlated positively with high GPP were not correlated with a decrease in yield components. Moreover, several loci of var. dicoccoides were associated with an increase in yield components.The utilization of markers for chromosomal location of genes coding for quantitative traits is compared to the technique of aneuploid analysis, commonly used in wheat. The significance of the above findings for breeding is discussed. 相似文献
14.
`Langdon' (LDN), a durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivar, and a set of chromosome substitution lines of Langdon, where A or B genome chromosome were replaced with a homologous
chromosome of wild emmer wheat, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (DIC), were used to assess the effect of the specific chromosome on seed dormancy in tetraploid wheat. The LDN(DIC 3A) and
LDN (DIC 313) lines showed significantly lower seed germination than Langdon. It appears that LDN(DIC 3A) and LDN(DIC 3B)
have red grain whose allele were designated as R-A1b and R-B1b, respectively and the rachises of LDN(DIC 3A) and LDN(DIC 3B) were fragile. The alleles for brittle rachis were designated
as Br
2 for LDN(DIC 3A) and Br
3 for LDN(DIC 3B). From the F2 of the crosses, Langdon/LDN(DIC 3A) and Langdon/LDN(DIC 3B), Br
2 was located approximately 44.2 cM from the R-A1b locus and Br
3 approximately 47.0 cM from the R-B1b locus, respectively. Recombinant inbred chromosomal lines for 3A and 3B were used to assess (1) the linkage relationship
between grain colour and fragile rachis, and (2) the effect of grain colour on germination. Estimated distance between R-B1b – Br
2 was 39.6 cM. For the 3A population, germination percentage of both colour groups was 12.4% for the red grain group and 68.6%
for the amber group, respectively. For the 3B population, germination percentage of the red group was 7.3% and that of the
amber group was 82.1%. For both populations, differences were statistical significant by t-tests. We considered that seed dormancy of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides was dependent on grain colour. It raised the possibility that brittle rachis is due to a paralogous gene set on homoeologous
group 3 chromosomes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Iñigo Loureiro María Concepción Escorial José Luis González-Andujar José María García-Baudin María Cristina Chueca 《Euphytica》2007,156(1-2):25-37
Isolation distance is the main barrier to crop-to-crop gene-flow. A 3-year study assessed the maximum potential outcrossing
under field conditions between two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) and between wheat and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Outcrossing was measured by seed set on emasculated recipient plants placed at four sides with different distances from
a 3 m × 3 m T. aestivum (cultivar Chinese Spring) pollen source. Frequencies of seed set at 0 m distance were 45% (37–56%) for T. aestivum cultivars and 18% (5–30%) with T. turgidum. These values agree with hybridization in non-limiting pollen conditions measured by manual crosses in greenhouse. The number
of pollen grains and the outcrossing frequencies decreased at increasing distances influenced by the prevailing wind direction.
Under semiarid conditions of this assay, viable pollen was found 14 m from the pollen source, with a maximum distance of 8 m
at which cross-pollination decreases below 1%. Ambient conditions affect pollen viability, hybridization and pollen dispersal.
Data presented in this paper emphasize the major role played by environmental conditions in outcrossing. Data obtained in
one area may therefore not coincide with the prevailing situation in different locations and climates. 相似文献
16.
Summary Many conventional hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) lines, including several North Dakota cultivars, carry a gene (or genes) which restore partial male fertility to male sterile plants with Triticum timopheevi
Zhuk. cytoplasm. Since this gene has no fertility restoration function in T. aestivum cytoplasm, the postulation can be made that it is being retained in conventional lines because of pleiotropic effects, favorable linkages or chance. The research reported in this paper examined these possibilities. Forty F6 lines, derived from a single F2 plant which was heterozygous for a gene (or genes) for partial fertility restoration, were evaluated for two years in a yield trial planted at Fargo, North Dakota. The 40 lines were testcrossed to a male sterile line having T. timopheevi cytoplasm, and the mean seed set of testcrosses was used as a measure of a line's fertility restoration potential. Twenty-seven lines had the gene for partial fertility, and 13 lines apparently lacked this gene. The 40 lines differed for heading date, anther extrusion, plant height, grain yield, 200-kernel weight, test weight, and grain protein percentage. However, comparisons of lines having the restorer gene with those lacking the gene did not provide any obvious explanation for the retention of the partial fertility restorer gene in the breeding stocks of the North Dakota conventional hard red spring wheat breeding program. The possibility that the restorer gene was linked with genes for resistance to stem rust or leaf rust also was evaluated by testing lines for their reaction to several races of rust. No conclusive association was found.Contribution from the Agric. Exp. Sta., North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, Journal Article no. 相似文献
17.
At the IPK Gatersleben a series of 85 bread wheat (T. aestivum)/goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii) introgression lines was developed recently. Based on the knowledge that chromosome 7D of this particular Ae. tauschii is a donor of resistance to septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola), a sub-set of thirteen chromosome 7D introgression lines was investigated along with the susceptible recipient variety ‘Chinese
Spring’ (CS) and the resistant donor line ‘CS (Syn 7D)’. The material was inoculated with two Argentinian isolates of the
pathogen (IPO 92067 and IPO 93014) at both the seedlings (two leaf) and adult (tillering) stages at two locations over 2 years
(2003, 2004). The resistance was effective against both isolates and at both developmental stages, and the resistance locus
maps to the centromeric region of chromosome arm 7DS. On the basis of its relationship with the microsatellite marker Xgwm44, it is likely that the gene involved is Stb5. Stb5 is therefore apparently effective against M. graminicola isolates originating from both Europe and South America. 相似文献
18.
Summary
Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (2n = 2x = 14, DD), a wild relative of wheat has been considered to be a valuable source of variation for improvement of cultivated wheats. However, undesirable genes can be incorporated into the cultivated varieties from wild relatives. The spontaneous spike shattering caused by the brittle rachis character is of adaptive value in wild grass species, but not in cultivated varieties. The rachis of R-61, which was derived from the cross of T. aestivum cv. Bet Hashita with an accession of Ae.
tauschii, was brittle. Using telosomic stocks, the brittle rachis gene Br
61 (tentatively designated) of B-61 was located on the short arm of chromosome 3D and the distance of Br
61 to the centromere was 31.9 cM. The distance of Br
61 from the centromeric marker Xgdm72 was 25.3 cM on the short arm of chromosome 3D. The location of Br
61 was similar to Br
1 whose location was determined by telosomic mapping and microsatellite mapping. Discrepancy of disarticulation type was found between R-61 and Aegilops
tauschii suggesting that the recombination around the regions of Br
1 locus and Br
t
locus created the wedge type disarticulation of R-61. 相似文献
19.
Leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina is one of the most important diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. The use of resistant wheat cultivars is considered the most economical and environment-friendly approach in controlling
the disease. The Lr38 gene, introgressed from Agropyron intermedium, confers a stable seedling and adult plant resistance against multiple isolates tested in Europe. In the present study, 94
F2 plants resulting from a cross made between the resistant Thatcher-derived near-isogenic line (NIL) RL6097, and the susceptible
Ethiopian wheat cultivar Kubsa were used to map the Thatcher Lr38 locus in wheat using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Out of 54 markers tested, 15 SSRs were polymorphic between the
two parents and subsequently genotyped in the population. The P. triticina isolate DZ7-24 (race FGJTJ), discriminating Lr38 resistant and susceptible plants, was used to inoculate seedlings of the two parents and the segregating population. The
SSR markers Xwmc773 and Xbarc273 flanked the Lr38 locus at a distance of 6.1 and 7.9 cM, respectively, to the proximal end of wheat chromosome arm 6DL. The SSR markers Xcfd5 and Xcfd60 both flanked the locus at a distance of 22.1 cM to the distal end of 6DL. In future, these SSR markers can be used by wheat
breeders and pathologists for marker assisted selection (MAS) of Lr38-mediated leaf rust resistance in wheat. 相似文献
20.
K. Kosuge N. Watanabe T. Kuboyama V. M. Melnik V. I. Yanchenko M. A. Rosova N. P. Goncharov 《Euphytica》2008,159(3):289-296
Two mutants for sphaerococcoid seed (MA 16219) and compact spike (MA 17648) were isolated from M3 progeny of durum wheat cultivar, Altaiskaya Niva, mutagenized with chemical mutagens. The chromosomal locations of the genes
involved were determined by the use of a complete set of D-genome disomic substitutions in durum cultivar, Langdon. The gene
for sphaerococcoid grain, s
16219
, was allelic to S2, located in the centromeric region of chromosome 3B in hexaploid wheat. The gene for compact spike, C
17648
, was located on chromosome 5AL distal to the Q locus. Using microsatellite markers, C
17648
and awn inhibitor B1 were located in the F2 of LD222 × MA17648. The gene order was Xbarc319—C
17648
—Xgwm179—Xgwm126—Xgwm291—B1. 相似文献