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1.
试验应用鸡球虫弱毒苗的3种剂型,微囊型一丸口服（灌服）疫苗、微囊型拌料疫苗和液状滴服疫苗,按照各自的免疫方法进行鸡球虫免疫,以增重量、饲料转化率和每克粪便卵囊数等为指标,综合判定微囊型疫苗的免疫效果,同时比较这3种免疫方法在免疫效果上存在的差异。试验结果表明,微囊型球虫疫苗无论是直接灌服免疫还是拌料免疫都能够产生与液态滴服疫苗相似的免疫效果,组间差异不显著,但与感染对照组间的差异显著。试验证明,微囊型一丸口服（灌服）疫苗和微囊型拌料疫苗应用于鸡球虫病的免疫预防是可行的。可通过的临床免疫效果试验获取更多实验数据,为球虫疫苗的研制和应用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
2.
(一)肉鸡球虫免疫失败的原因1.疫苗免疫接种方法不当。鸡球虫免疫对疫苗的使用方法要求较高,常见的免疫接种方法有滴口法、拌料法、饮水法等。如滴口过程中或拌料喷洒过程中不注意经常摇动滴管或喷雾器中的鸡球虫疫苗,鸡球虫疫苗不能保持均匀一致,从而影响免疫效果,甚至造成免疫失败。2.免疫程序不合理,首次免疫日龄不当。有些养鸡户由于免疫程序不合理,首次免疫日龄太 相似文献
3.
鸡球虫微囊型疫苗的研制及免疫效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研制了微囊型鸡球虫疫苗并对其免疫效果进行探讨。结果表明,强毒微囊组获得的饲养效果最好,其相对增重率和相对饲料转换率分别为104.8%和100%;弱毒水剂组为74.1%和136%,而弱毒微囊组为49.4%和188%。强毒微囊组对球虫病的控制效果也明显好于其他组,其发病率、病变记分、血便记分分别为20%,6分和3分,而弱毒水剂组和弱毒微囊组分别为40%、10分、7分和50%、18分、8分。所研制的这种新型微囊球虫疫苗,具有使用方便,节省人力物力;疫苗大小适中,流动性好容易与小鸡饲料混合均匀等优点。由于微囊型球虫疫苗投服方便,因此能适合各种规模的鸡场使用,也适合鸡场进行多次或长期免疫使用。这种微囊剂型球虫疫苗的进一步完善和推广应用,可为我国鸡球虫病的免疫预防提供新的剂型。 相似文献
4.
L-NMMA对鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗免疫鸡增重的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对免疫鸡增重的影响及一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂(L-NMMA)对免疫鸡增重和免疫效果的影响。取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组(C1、C2)和单剂量重复接种组(T1、T2),T1、T2组按推荐免疫剂量单剂量重复接种鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,C1和T1、C2和T2分别于二次接种后第7、14天逐只空腹称重,剖检记录十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变记分,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠进行病理组织学检查。另选取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组C20、攻毒对照组T21、免疫对照组T22和免疫加药组T23,T22和T23按推荐免疫剂量两次免疫鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,T23在免疫的同时腹腔注射L-NMMA,二免后第14天T21、T22和T23均接种鸡球虫混合强毒,测定SPF雏鸡平均增重、相对增重、肠道(十二指肠、空肠和盲肠)病变记分、病变记分减少率(RLS)、血便记分、死亡率及卵囊产量等指标。结果显示,接种组的平均增重显著低于未接种组(P<0.05),接种组的十二指肠、空肠和盲肠有轻微病变且黏膜上皮细胞均有不同程度损伤和脱落;免疫加L-NMMA组一免、二免后及攻毒后试验鸡的平均增重均极显著高于免疫攻毒对照组(P<0.01),且与空白对照组鸡的平均增重无显著差异(P>0.05),且免疫对照组和免疫加药组肠道病变记分和卵囊产量无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对雏鸡肠道有轻微损伤,且对鸡增重有一定影响;L-NMMA可降低鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对试验鸡增重的影响,且不影响疫苗的免疫效果。 相似文献
5.
为了研究鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对免疫鸡增重的影响及一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂(L-NMMA)对免疫鸡增重和免疫效果的影响。取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组(C1、C2)和单剂量重复接种组(T1、T2),T1、T2组按推荐免疫剂量单剂量重复接种鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,C1和T1、C2和T2分别于二次接种后第7、14天逐只空腹称重,剖检记录十二指肠、空肠和盲肠病变记分,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和盲肠进行病理组织学检查。另选取40只SPF雏鸡,分为空白对照组C20、攻毒对照组T21、免疫对照组T22和免疫加药组T23,T22和T23按推荐免疫剂量两次免疫鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗,T23在免疫的同时腹腔注射L-NMMA,二免后第14天T21、T22和T23均接种鸡球虫混合强毒,测定SPF雏鸡平均增重、相对增重、肠道(十二指肠、空肠和盲肠)病变记分、病变记分减少率(RLS)、血便记分、死亡率及卵囊产量等指标。结果显示,接种组的平均增重显著低于未接种组(P0.05),接种组的十二指肠、空肠和盲肠有轻微病变且黏膜上皮细胞均有不同程度损伤和脱落;免疫加L-NMMA组一免、二免后及攻毒后试验鸡的平均增重均极显著高于免疫攻毒对照组(P0.01),且与空白对照组鸡的平均增重无显著差异(P0.05),且免疫对照组和免疫加药组肠道病变记分和卵囊产量无显著差异(P0.05)。说明鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对雏鸡肠道有轻微损伤,且对鸡增重有一定影响;L-NMMA可降低鸡球虫早熟弱毒疫苗对试验鸡增重的影响,且不影响疫苗的免疫效果。 相似文献
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姜黄素肠道修复剂对鸡球虫病疫苗免疫效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究姜黄素肠道修复剂对鸡球虫病疫苗免疫效果的影响,在球虫疫苗免疫时加入姜黄素肠道修复剂,通过观察测定免疫组鸡群的精神状况、首免卵囊排泄量、疫苗反应期的肠道病变记分和增重以及免疫后21 d攻虫的保护效果进行综合评价。结果显示:在免疫期,姜黄素实验组鸡只的精神状况良好,首免卵囊量排泄正常,疫苗反应期的肠道病变记分和增重比未加姜黄素实验组的要好些;21 d攻虫后,姜黄素实验组的相对增重高于未加姜黄素实验组,但差异性不显著(P0.05),而且姜黄素实验组的肠道病变记分和粪便记分均低于未加姜黄素实验组。试验表明,姜黄素在球虫疫苗免疫过程中能够修复肠道损伤、提升肠道健康,对球虫疫苗免疫具有较好的辅助性作用。 相似文献
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鸡球虫病四价活疫苗对毒害艾美耳球虫和柔嫩艾美耳球虫的免疫效果观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为评价一种商品化鸡球虫病四价活疫苗[柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、巨型艾美耳球虫和堆型艾美耳球虫]对E.necatrix和E.tenella的免疫保护效果,本研究基于试验鸡血便记分、存活率、相对增重率、病变值、卵囊值及抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标对其免疫效果进行检测.结果表明,免疫攻虫组抗E.necatrix和E.tenella的ACI分别为157.3和135.6,均低于160,表明该球虫疫苗抗两种球虫的效果均为低效.然而,免疫攻虫组鸡血便数量、血便记分、增重、卵囊产量和病变记分等指标均优于阳性对照组.综合指标显示,该疫苗对E.necatrix和E.tenella具有一定的免疫保护力,但单纯采用疫苗并不能够达到防控鸡球虫病的目的. 相似文献
8.
肉仔鸡使用球虫疫苗应注意的几个问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
使用球虫疫苗控制肉仔鸡的球虫病早已获得成功，这不但解决了药残的问题，而且免疫后的鸡群出栏率高，整齐度好，料肉比低，成本低，效益好。但由于一些用户没有掌握球虫疫苗的特性和使用球虫疫苗应注意的问题，造成免疫失败的现象时有发生。现将肉仔鸡使用球虫疫苗时应注意的几个问题介绍如下。一、球虫疫苗的选择球虫疫苗的种类很多，各有特点，应选用肉仔鸡专用球虫疫苗。二、接种途径的选择常用的接种途径有滴口、饮水、拌料，不管采用什么接种途径，都应保证每只鸡能得到相同的疫苗剂量。拌料是个比较可靠的办法，可以多拌点料让鸡吃长… 相似文献
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强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗免疫效果的研究 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
本实验研究了强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗免疫预防鸡球虫病的效果。实验结果表明：强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗是安全有效的，基保滴服免疫的效果优于拌料免疫，滴服免疫不仅对攻毒后鸡有100％的保护效果，而且能有效地控制球虫病的发生，对小鸡的生长也有明显的保护作用。与常用抗球虫药氯苯胍相比，强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗预防鸡球虫病的效果优于氯苯胍，其对小鸡增重率、料肉比显示的效果也优于氯苯胍。 相似文献
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采用细菌CpG DNA作鸡球虫弱毒苗Immucox佐剂以探索其应用的可行性。将制备的细菌CpG DNA和球虫疫苗Immuncox单独或联合免疫接种肉鸡,第2次免疫后7d进行攻虫,口服接种柔嫩艾美儿球虫孢子化卵囊105个/只。感染后第7天,对试验动物进行称重并屠杀,分别观察盲肠病变积分、每克粪便卵囊排出数和体增重情况。结果:在相对增重方面,细菌CpG DNA+疫苗组高于感染非免疫组、疫苗组和CpG组,且与它们均差异显著(P<0.05);在卵囊排出总数和盲肠病变平均记分方面,细菌CpG DNA+疫苗组低于感染非免疫组、疫苗组和CpG组,且与之比较差异显著(P<0.05);在抗球虫综合指数方面,疫苗+细菌CpGDNA组达到172。结果表明用细菌CpG作鸡球虫弱毒苗Immucox的佐剂可提高该疫苗免疫保护效果。 相似文献
11.
The efficacy and economic benefits of Supercox, a live anticoccidial vaccine were examined and compared with an anticoccidial drug in a trial in broiler chickens under modern commercial conditions in China. In total, 40,660 chickens were used in the present study, half of which were vaccinated with the Supercox vaccine comprising a precocious line of Eimeria tenella and non-attenuated lines of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina, and the other half were medicated with Diclazuril delivered as feed additive at the dosage of 1mg/kg of feed. The vaccine was administered orally to 7-day-old chickens. No clinical diseases were diagnosed in any of the vaccinated birds. However, clinical coccidiosis occurred in a large proportion of medicated control birds and these chickens had to be treated with anticoccidial drugs (Diclazuril and Toltrazuril). Comparison of production performance between vaccinated birds and medicated control birds revealed that the vaccine Supercox performed better than anticoccidial drugs in terms of mortalities, costs and overall economic benefits (profits). These findings demonstrated that the use of the Supercox vaccine could control clinical coccidiosis in broilers and achieve production performance superior to that using anticoccidial drugs, particularly where drug resistance might result in failure to control clinical diseases. 相似文献
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An experiment was carried out to study the effects of vaccination with Paracox, a live, attenuated vaccine against avian coccidiosis, on broilers isolated from extraneous Eimeria parasites. The study involved 3200 broiler chickens raised in floor pens similar to commercial conditions, but in an initially Eimeria-free environment. Forty percent of the chickens were vaccinated at 3 days of age and given either a basal unmedicated feed or a feed supplemented with the feed antibiotic virginiamycin. Unvaccinated birds were given either the basal feed or feed supplemented either with virginiamycin or the anticoccidial ionophore narasin. At slaughter at 36 days of age vaccinated birds had a lower live weight than non-vaccinated birds. The difference was 4.6% in unmedicated, and 6.0% in virginiamycin medicated chickens. Feed conversion ratio at slaughter was 2.5% higher for unmedicated vaccinated birds, and 1.3% higher for virginiamycin medicated vaccinated birds, compared to respective non-vaccinated groups. There was no significant difference in overall performance of unvaccinated birds given narasin as compared to virginiamycin. At 10 days post vaccination vaccinated birds had a higher number of Clostridium perfringens in the caeca, but there was no difference thereafter. Throughout the experiment, caecal clostridial counts were considerably higher in vaccinated unmedicated birds than in unvaccinated birds given narasin. The number of oocysts shed in the vaccinated groups was very low, but during a subsequent challenge with E. maxima and E. tenella the birds' immunity was found to be satisfactory. 相似文献
13.
鸡Eimeria tenella致弱虫苗的实验研究及田间试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对双重致弱球虫疫苗(DLV虫苗)进行了实验室的安全试验。通过对380羽3日龄小鸡的3批毒力测定,强毒虫株2.5×10~4接种小鸡,死亡率均超过50％;DLV虫苗2.5×10~4剂量接种3批小鸡,未见明显临床表现。在鸡体连续5次传代,也未出现明显返强现象。通过对260羽3日龄小鸡的3批免疫试验证明,DLV虫苗对10×10~5强毒株的攻击有100％的保护率。又用ELISA法测定抗体效价消长发现,免疫后7周左右抗体效价达高峰,至14周抗体效价仍可保持在一定高度,足以对再感染具有保护力。该虫苗易于保存,一般在4℃可保存6个月以上,仍有良好的免疫效果。通过在上海、浙江、江苏、安徽等地区的田问试验,发现免疫鸡的平均发病率为2.8％,死亡率为0.48％。常规用药鸡平均发病率为11.8％,死亡率为2.9％。空白对照鸡(不用苗,不用药)平均发病率为80％,死亡率为28％(经及时抢救治疗减少了死亡率)。免疫鸡比常规用药鸡节省耗药费用0.20元/羽。在大批量扩大免疫试验中,对24,800羽鸡用苗后的平均保护率可达99.66％,死亡率为0.34％,效果十分显著。通过实验室和现场应用试验,证明DLV虫苗可靠、安全、稳定,且有高度免疫原性和足够的抗体水平及免疫期。 相似文献
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Precocious lines of Eimeria acervulina "Cu" and "I" strains were obtained after 25 passages of oocysts in chickens that showed a shortening of the prepatent period for first oocyst output from 96 h to 81 and 82 h, respectively. Both precocious lines were evaluated for pathogenicity using as criteria weight gain, lesion score and total oocyst production. Infection of the "Cu" precocious line in chickens showed a high weight gain, low lesion score and low oocyst production, when compared to parent strain infected chickens. However, the results did not show a significant difference in relation to the criteria used above for the E. acervulina "I" precocious line when compared to its parent strain. This suggests a low degree of attenuation for the "I" strain but good attenuation for the precocious "Cu" line. The histopathological observations of chickens infected with the E. acervulina "Cu" parent strain and precocious line, comparing life cycle and intestinal lesions, showed: (1) parasite stages only in the border cells of infected chicken intestinal villi, for the precocious line; (2) parasite stages in the border cells of the intestinal villi and submucosa cells near the Lieberkühn glands of the intestine; and (3) high degree of inflammatory cells around the parasites in chickens infected with the parent strain. The "Cu" strain was also characterized for sensitivity against eight anticoccidial drugs. Sensitivity was observed for four anticoccidial drugs and partial resistance for four other drugs, although the strain had never had previous contact with anticoccidial drugs, suggesting the presence of a natural resistance factor. This Brazilian E. acervulina "Cu" precocious line showed attenuation for pathogenicity in chickens, suggesting that it could be a suitable strain for use as a live vaccine in Brazil. 相似文献
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本文报道了腐霉素钠盐的安全性及药效的研究成果,包括大、小鼠及雏鸡急性毒性试验、蓄积毒性及耐受性试验、肉鸡喂养试验和药效试验。本研究的初步结果表明,腐霉素钠盐做为一种新的聚醚类抗球虫药物添加剂安全有效,最适宜的混料浓度为160ppm。 相似文献
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We studied the long-term effect of civilization factors, DDT, high stocking rates, and post-incubation stress on the antibody response to the administration of Newcastle disease vaccine. The chickens were divided into three groups after hatching. The first group was fed a mixture with an addition of commercial DDT (100 mg per 1 kg of feed). The second group was given the same feed and, in addition, was kept at a high stocking rate. Half the experimental chickens of each group were tied in the third post-natal week, to subject the birds to another stress. Those in the control group remained intact. The results indicate that DDT administered with food increased the immunity response to the antigen stimulus. The additive stress from high stock densities reduced the immunity response, and decreased the response raised by DDT administration to the level of the control. The post-incubation stress was found to modify the long-term effect of DDT and high stocking rate upon the immunity response of the chickens. 相似文献