共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Yeomans DK Antreasian PG Barriot J Chesley SR Dunham DW Farquhar RW Giorgini JD Helfrich CE Konopliv AS McAdams JV Miller JK Owen WM Scheeres DJ Thomas PC Veverka J Williams BG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5487):2085-2088
We determined the mass of asteroid 433 Eros, its lower order gravitational harmonics, and rotation state, using ground-based Doppler and range tracking of the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR)-Shoemaker spacecraft and images of the asteroid's surface landmarks. The mass of Eros is (6.687 +/- 0.003) x 10(18) grams, which, coupled with our volume estimate, implies a bulk density of 2. 67 +/- 0.03 grams per cubic centimeter. The asteroid appears to have a uniform density distribution. The right ascension and declination of the rotation pole are 11.37 +/- 0.05 and 17.22 +/- 0.05 degrees, respectively, and at least over the short term, the rotation state of Eros is stable with no measurable free precession of the spin pole. Escape velocities on the surface vary from 3.1 to 17.2 meters per second. The dynamical environment of Eros suggests that it is covered with regolith and that one might expect material transport toward the deepest potential wells in the saddle and 5.5-kilometer crater regions. 相似文献
2.
《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5500):2221-2225
Science recognizes nine other major discoveries on scales ranging from the cosmic to the quantum: Ribosome Revelations Fossil Find One Word--Organics New Cells for Old Water, Water, Everywhere Cosmic BOOMERANG Good Reception So NEAR ... Quantum Curiosities 相似文献
3.
J Veverka P Thomas A Harch B Clark JF Bell B Carcich J Joseph C Chapman W Merline M Robinson M Malin LA McFadden S Murchie SE Hawkins R Farquhar N Izenberg A Cheng 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5346):2109-2114
On 27 June 1997, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft flew within 1212 kilometers of asteroid 253 Mathilde. Mathilde is an irregular, heavily cratered body measuring 66 kilometers by 48 kilometers by 46 kilometers. The asteroid's surface is dark (estimated albedo between 0.035 and 0.050) and similar in color to some CM carbonaceous chondrites. No albedo or color variations were detected. The volume derived from the images and the mass from Doppler tracking of the spacecraft yield a mean density of 1.3 +/- 0.2 grams per cubic centimeter, about half that of CM chondrites, indicating a porous interior structure. 相似文献
4.
为研究径流小区紫色土在不同坡长下人为扰动地表后土壤微团聚体及颗粒组成的分形特征,通过野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了在20、40和60m坡长下扰动地表与自然坡长下土壤微团聚体及颗粒组成的分形特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:土壤颗粒组成中的优势粒级是0.250~0.050 mm,含量在33.21%~22.55%。土壤微团聚体中的优势粒级是0.250~0.050mm,次级优势粒级是0.050~0.010mm。扰动地表下的土壤分形维数小于自然坡长下的分形维数,坡长越长分形维数越高。坡长越长土壤养分含量越高,即:604020m,3种坡长扰动地表处理下的土壤养分均小于自然坡长下的土壤养分。土壤分形维数同土壤容重呈极显著正相关(P0.01),同土壤全量养分呈极显著相关(P0.01),扰动地表下的土壤分形维数同土壤孔隙度呈显著或极显著相关(P0.01或P0.05)。土壤微团聚体机及颗粒组成的分形维数能较好地反映紫色土区土壤的理化性状,更加直观的体现人为扰动地表后土壤理化性质及土壤性状的变化,为紫色土区土壤质量评价和农业评价提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
Saito J Miyamoto H Nakamura R Ishiguro M Michikami T Nakamura AM Demura H Sasaki S Hirata N Honda C Yamamoto A Yokota Y Fuse T Yoshida F Tholen DJ Gaskell RW Hashimoto T Kubota T Higuchi Y Nakamura T Smith P Hiraoka K Honda T Kobayashi S Furuya M Matsumoto N Nemoto E Yukishita A Kitazato K Dermawan B Sogame A Terazono J Shinohara C Akiyama H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1341-1344
Rendezvous of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa with the near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa took place during the interval September through November 2005. The onboard camera imaged the solid surface of this tiny asteroid (535 meters by 294 meters by 209 meters) with a spatial resolution of 70 centimeters per pixel, revealing diverse surface morphologies. Unlike previously explored asteroids, the surface of Itokawa reveals both rough and smooth terrains. Craters generally show unclear morphologies. Numerous boulders on Itokawa's surface suggest a rubble-pile structure. 相似文献
6.
用计算机断层扫描技术对原木进行无损检测,采用分形特征参数分析的方法对原木CT图像进行缺陷分析.首先计算图像各像素点的灰度,根据分形特征参数能反应灰度表面积随尺度变化的空间变化率这一特征进行缺陷识别.结果表明:这一方法对原木CT图像的缺陷检测具有良好的效果,并具有较好的局部性. 相似文献
7.
Veverka J Robinson M Thomas P Murchie S Bell JF Izenberg N Chapman C Harch A Bell M Carcich B Cheng A Clark B Domingue D Dunham D Farquhar R Gaffey MJ Hawkins E Joseph J Kirk R Li H Lucey P Malin M Martin P McFadden L Merline WJ Miller JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5487):2088-2097
Eros is a very elongated (34 kilometers by 11 kilometers by 11 kilometers) asteroid, most of the surface of which is saturated with craters smaller than 1 kilometer in diameter. The largest crater is 5.5 kilometers across, but there is a 10-kilometer saddle-like depression with attributes of a large degraded crater. Surface lineations, both grooves and ridges, are prominent on Eros; some probably exploit planes of weakness produced by collisions on Eros and/or its parent body. Ejecta blocks (30 to 100 meters across) are abundant but not uniformly distributed over the surface. Albedo variations are restricted to the inner walls of certain craters and may be related to downslope movement of regolith. On scales of 200 meters to 1 kilometer, Eros is more bland in terms of color variations than Gaspra or Ida. Spectra (800 to 2500 nanometers) are consistent with an ordinary chondrite composition for which the measured mean density of 2.67 +/- 0.1 grams per cubic centimeter implies internal porosities ranging from about 10 to 30 percent. 相似文献
8.
基于分形理论和磨损表面轮廓分析,采用盒计数法、变差法、功率谱法和结构函数法4种算法,计算了植物磨料对金属材料磨损表面轮廓曲线的分形维数.结果表明:磨损后的表面分形维数与磨损质量损失存在密切的关系,质量磨损越大,分形维数也越大;4种算法中结构函数法与变差法计算的分形维数误差较小,可用于计算植物磨料对金属材料磨损表面的分形... 相似文献
9.
The shape of 433 eros from the NEAR-shoemaker laser rangefinder 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Zuber MT Smith DE Cheng AF Garvin JB Aharonson O Cole TD Dunn PJ Guo Y Lemoine FG Neumann GA Rowlands DD Torrence MH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5487):2097-2101
Measurements from the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR)-Shoemaker Laser Rangefinder (NLR) indicate that asteroid 433 Eros is a consolidated body with a complex shape dominated by collisions. The offset between the asteroid's center of mass and center of figure indicates a small deviation from a homogeneous internal structure that is most simply explained by variations in mechanical structure. Regional-scale relief and slope distributions show evidence for control of topography by a competent substrate. Impact crater morphology is influenced by both gravity and structural control. Small-scale topography reveals ridges and grooves that may be generated by impact-related fracturing. 相似文献
10.
Observations of 20 asteroids in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter provide information about the nature of these objects' surfaces at centimeter-to-kilometer scales. At least one asteroid (Pallas) is extremely smooth at centimeter-to-meter scales. Each asteroid appears much rougher than the Moon at some scale between several meters and many kilometers. The range of asteroid radar albedos is very broad and implies substantial variations in porosity or metal concentration (or both). The highest albedo estimate, for the asteroid Psyche, is consistent with a surface having porosities typical of lunar soil and a composition nearly entirely metallic. 相似文献
11.
黄土坡耕地地表糙度的空间异质性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】探讨微尺度下（2 cm×2 cm）地表糙度在侵蚀过程中的空间异质性规律,为进一步理解和定量化描述地表糙度与土壤侵蚀的相互耦合关系奠定基础,并为黄土高原坡耕地水土流失的治理提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以黄土高原不同耕作措施条件下（4种常见的农业耕作措施：人工锄耕、人工掏挖、等高耕作、直线坡（对照）的坡耕地为研究对象,通过室内人工模拟降雨实验,利用激光扫描仪获取地表糙度数据,运用地统计学和分形维数方法对地表糙度的空间分布特征及变异性进行研究。【结果】基本统计特征分析表明,黄土坡耕地地表糙度在整体上的分布较均匀,具有较弱的空间变异特征。半方差函数分析表明,黄土坡耕地地表糙度均表现出中等以上的空间自相关性,其空间自相关尺度范围为2.02-3.82 m。由空间结构特征引起的异质性占总异质性的比例较大。分形维数分析表明,黄土坡耕地地表糙度具有良好的分形性质,其分形维数介于1.59和1.91之间;随坡度的增大,各坡面地表糙度的空间分布趋向复杂,空间异质性增强;人工锄耕、人工掏挖、等高耕作坡面的空间异质性在小尺度范围内依次增强,具有良好的水土保持作用。【结论】造成地表糙度空间异质性差异的主要原因是由人为耕作和坡度所形成的空间结构特征。地表糙度的空间配置格局在小尺度范围上由人为耕作和坡度、在大尺度范围上由降雨及其侵蚀过程所控制。该研究结果可为进一步理解地表糙度与侵蚀的相互耦合关系奠定基础,并为黄土坡耕地的水土流失防治提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
12.
采用简单分形和多重分形维数对与受体作用前后转铁蛋白分子原子力显微镜图像进行分析比较。探讨了转铁蛋白与受体结合的程度。结果表明：多重维数分形谱能更好地反映与受体作用前后转铁蛋白分子的表面形态特征和分布的均匀程度；转铁蛋白与受体作用后表面形貌变平滑。中间部位转铁蛋白与受体的结合程度较高。 相似文献
13.
Estimating the mass of asteroid 253 mathilde from tracking data during the NEAR flyby 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DK Yeomans J Barriot DW Dunham RW Farquhar JD Giorgini CE Helfrich AS Konopliv JV McAdams JK Miller WM Owen DJ Scheeres SP Synnott BG Williams 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5346):2106-2109
The terminal navigation of the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft during its close flyby of asteroid 253 Mathilde involved coordinated efforts to determine the heliocentric orbits of the spacecraft and Mathilde and then to determine the relative trajectory of the spacecraft with respect to Mathilde. The gravitational perturbation of Mathilde on the passing spacecraft was apparent in the spacecraft tracking data. As a result of the accurate targeting achieved, these data could be used to determine Mathilde's mass as 1.033 (+/- 0.044) x 10(20) grams. Coupled with a volume estimate provided by the NEAR imaging team, this mass suggests a low bulk density for Mathilde of 1.3 grams per cubic centimeter. 相似文献
14.
Oceanic plankton have been hypothesized to occur in micropatches (<10 meters) that can have a large impact on marine ecosystem dynamics. Towed video microscopy was used to unobtrusively determine distributions of oceanic plankton over a continuum of scales from microns to hundreds of meters. Distinct, taxa-specific aggregations measuring less than 20 centimeters were found for copepods but not for nonmotile (cyanobacterial colonies) or asexual (doliolid phorozooids) forms, which suggests that these small patches are related to mating. Significant patchiness was also found on larger scales and was correlated among taxa, indicating physical control. These video observations provide new insights into basic plankton ecology by allowing quantitative assessment of individual plankton in their natural, undisturbed state. 相似文献
15.
基于由WEPP模型提取的甘肃天水罗玉沟和吕二沟小流域单元侵蚀产沙及泥沙输移资料,采用分形维数理论,对流域泥沙输移比的空间分异规律、泥沙输移比的影响因子以及泥沙输移的尺度转换进行研究。结果表明:年均泥沙输移比有相当大的变幅,不同流域尺度上的泥沙输移比为0.03～1.00,对于一定尺度的流域,泥沙输移比是一个比较稳定的值;小流域泥沙输移过程具有分形特征;根据研究区流域泥沙输移比的分形特征,综合其他地区的研究结果,建立了小流域泥沙输移比尺度转换模型,同时建立了研究区适用尺度范围更广的流域泥沙输移比尺度转换模型。 相似文献
16.
Scale dependence in plant biodiversity 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The relationship between the number of species and the area sampled is one of the oldest and best-documented patterns in community ecology. Several theoretical models and field data from a wide range of plant and animal taxa suggest that the slope, z, of a graph of the logarithm of species richness against the logarithm of area is roughly constant, with z approximately 0.25. We collected replicated and randomized plant data at 11 spatial scales from 0.01 to 10(8) square meters in Great Britain which show that the slope of the log-log plot is not constant, but varies systematically with spatial scale, and from habitat to habitat at the same spatial scale. Values of z were low (0.1 to 0.2) at small scales (<100 square meters), high (0.4 to 0.5) at intermediate scales (1 hectare to 10 square kilometers), and low again (0.1 to 0.2) for the largest scale transitions (e.g., East Berks to all of Berkshire). Instead of one process determining changes in species richness across a wide range of scales, different processes might determine plant biodiversity at different spatial scales. 相似文献
17.
Veverka J Thomas PC Robinson M Murchie S Chapman C Bell M Harch A Merline WJ Bell JF Bussey B Carcich B Cheng A Clark B Domingue D Dunham D Farquhar R Gaffey MJ Hawkins E Izenberg N Joseph J Kirk R Li H Lucey P Malin M McFadden L Miller JK Owen WM Peterson C Prockter L Warren J Wellnitz D Williams BG Yeomans DK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5516):484-488
On 25 October 2000, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendevous (NEAR)-Shoemaker spacecraft executed a low-altitude flyover of asteroid 433 Eros, making it possible to image the surface at a resolution of about 1 meter per pixel. The images reveal an evolved surface distinguished by an abundance of ejecta blocks, a dearth of small craters, and smooth material infilling some topographic lows. The subdued appearance of craters of different diameters and the variety of blocks and different degrees of their burial suggest that ejecta from several impact events blanketed the region imaged at closest approach and led to the building up of a substantial and complex regolith consisting of fine materials and abundant meter-sized blocks. 相似文献
18.
The pyramid at La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico, was surveyed in May 1969 with a high-sensitivity difference magnetometer. The general pattern of the magnetic map is one of low (10-gamma) radial anomalies, which reflect the ridge and gully topography of the pyramid, with a larger magnetic high area (+30 gammas) centered 25 meters south and 10 meters east of the center of the pyramid. The anomalous region near the top has been interpreted with the aid of computer-calculated anomalies from three-dimensional rectangular blocks. The major high is probably associated with a basalt structure that rises to within 1 to 2 meters of the surface. A possible form for this structure was found to be a 10-meter-square horizontal platform with walls along its northern and eastern margin. 相似文献
19.
Coupled surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are shown to provide effective transfer of excitation energy from donor molecules to acceptor molecules on opposite sides of metal films up to 120 nanometers thick. This variant of radiative transfer should allow directional control over the flow of excitation energy with the use of suitably designed metallic nanostructures, with SPPs mediating transfer over length scales of 10(-7) to 10(-4) meters. In the emerging field of nanophotonics, such a prospect could allow subwavelength-scale manipulation of light and provide an interface to the outside world. 相似文献
20.
Demura H Kobayashi S Nemoto E Matsumoto N Furuya M Yukishita A Muranaka N Morita H Shirakawa K Maruya M Ohyama H Uo M Kubota T Hashimoto T Kawaguchi J Fujiwara A Saito J Sasaki S Miyamoto H Hirata N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1347-1349
The locations of the pole and rotation axis of asteroid 25143 Itokawa were derived from Asteroid Multiband Imaging Camera data on the Hayabusa spacecraft. The retrograde pole orientation had a right ascension of 90.53 degrees and a declination of -66.30 degrees (52000 equinox) or equivalently 128.5 degrees and -89.66 degrees in ecliptic coordinates with a 3.9 degrees margin of error. The surface area is 0.393 square kilometers, the volume is 0.018378 cubic kilometers with a 5% margin of error, and the three axis lengths are 535 meters by 294 meters by 209 meters. The global Itokawa revealed a boomerang-shaped appearance composed of two distinct parts with partly faceted regions and a constricted ring structure. 相似文献