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1.
K Holovská V Lenártová J Koppel I Havassy P Javorsky E Rybosová 《Veterinární medicína》1991,36(10):625-632
Developmental dynamics was investigated in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, E.C. 1.4.1.2.-4) and glutamine synthetase (GS, E.C. 6.3.1.2) in different parts of the digestive tract of lambs, in dependence on the age from 10 to 90 days; the goal of these investigations was to elucidate in greater detail the role of the above enzymes in nitrogen metabolism. The activity of GDH, and of the coenzymes NADH and NADPH, was followed in the digesta because simple organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants) have two glutamate dehydrogenases: they differ from each other by coenzyme specificity, unlike GDH from animal sources which can utilize both NADH coenzyme and NADPH coenzyme (Fahien et al., 1965; Frieden, 1964). The following activities of GDH and GS were found out in trials with lambs at the age of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 90 days, as to the different parts of digestive tract: in the tissues of rumen, omasum, reticulum, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, int. caecum and colon the activity of GDH (NADH) varied from 0.031 to 0.305 nkat/mg dry matter, in the digesta from 0 to 2.92 nkat/mg dry matter. An investigation of GDH (NADH, NADPH) dynamics in the digesta of lambs showed the relatively high activity of GDH (NADH) in the digesta of colon at the age of 10 days and that of GDH (NADPH) in the digesta of int. caecum. The activity of GDH (NADH) was also found to be high in the digesta of int. caecum at the age of 20 days. In that period the activity of GDH (NADH, NADPH) in the digesta of rumen, omasum and reticulum was zero.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
2.
A Lauková 《Veterinární medicína》1992,37(12):661-666
Some staphylococcus and enterococcus strains were used to investigate the effect of culture medium on bacteriocin production. Staphylococcus cohnii SC7, Staphylococcus sp. ZTJ 151, S. saprophyticus SS 877, Enterococcus faecium EF1 and E. faecalis EFG2 were isolated from the rumen wall and contents of lambs, calves and fallow deer, Enterococcus gallinarum EG10 and E. avium EA12 were isolated from the caecum of Japanese quail. The tested bacteria belong to producers with a wide antimicrobial effectiveness spectrum, they have low to medium adherence and urease activity (Tab. III). These culture media were used to test the effect of culture medium on bacteriocin production: nutrient agar no. 2 and VL agar enriched with 2% of glucose and lactose (ZAG, ZAL, VLG, VLL), agar for isolation of faecal streptococci (SA) and the base for blood agar no. 4 and no. 2 (KA4, KA2). The strains Streptococcus bovis AO 24/85 and Staphylococcus aureus Oxford 209 P were used as indicator bacteria. Tables I and II show the results of these tests. The tested strains produced the widest inhibition zones (6 mm) with both indicators on SA medium, and this indicates massive bacteriocin production. On ZAG medium, the zones of enterococci with the AO 24/85 strain were larger size than those of staphylococci, but the zones were dim. All strains with the 209P indicator produced dim zones of the 2mm size. The larger inhibition zones (2-5mm) in comparison with staphylococci were observed in enterococci on the ZAL medium with the AO24/85 strain. The production of tested strains was balanced on VLG agar with respect to the use of both indicators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
3.
W Tham E Bannerman J Bille M L Danielsson-Tham K Eld H Ericsson D Gavier-Widén J Rocourt T M?rner 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》1999,30(4):545-549
Different subtypes of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from various animal and environmental samples during an episode of increased mortality on a fallow deer (Dama dama) farm. During a 4-wk period, six fallow deer died, including four does, one fawn, and one adult buck. Prior to death, one of the does had exhibited central nervous system signs characteristic of listeriosis. Postmortem examination of the six deer showed no histologic changes typical of listeriosis, although inflammatory changes were present in several organs. Different subtypes of L. monocytogenes were isolated from brain samples from six deer, from fodder and soil from the deer feeding area, and from faces of some healthy animals on the farm. Listeria monocytogenes, which was frequently isolated in the environment of the farm, was considered the probable major cause of mortality in these fallow deer. 相似文献
4.
L Eriksen H E Larsen T Christiansen M M Jensen E Eriksen 《The Veterinary record》1988,122(12):274-276
An outbreak of listeric meningo-encephalitis occurred in a population of 1800 fallow deer (Dama dama) in a park during the winter and early spring of 1985 to 1986. Listeriosis was diagnosed in 41 of 42 fallow deer that showed the typical central nervous system signs of circling disease or were found dead. The diagnosis was verified by bacteriological examination of the brains of 35 animals. In five of the seven remaining cases listeriosis was diagnosed by histological examination, and in one animal by clinical signs alone. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated in three of 23 soil samples taken from the park. In addition, L monocytogenes was isolated from the intestinal contents of apparently normal fallow deer. Fifty isolates from animals and soil were serotyped and all of them belonged to serovar 4b except one from brain (serovar 1/2b) and three from intestinal contents (serovar 1/2a). In phage typing of 54 isolates, the 35 isolates from the brain and spleen of diseased animals belonged to the same lysovar, as did most isolates from other sources, but strains from intestinal contents belonged to three other phage types. No external source of L monocytogenes was demonstrated in the outbreak and stress due to the poor beech-mast crop, an increased stocking rate and a sudden change in the weather are suspected as predisposing factors. 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫蛋白质分解代谢相关酶活力及谷氨酸脱氢酶体系的米氏常数(Km)值,为解释绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫蛋白质分解代谢特征提供酶学依据。选用6只1岁左右安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊[平均体重为(32.00±1.36)kg],饲喂精粗比为30∶70的饲粮,依次采集饲喂前(0 h)和饲喂后1.5、3.0、6.0、9.0、12.0 h 6个时间点的瘤胃液,重复采集3次。分离和制备细菌、原虫破碎液,分别测定相关酶活力及谷氨酸脱氢酶体系的Km值。结果显示:1)绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫破碎液中蛋白酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的活力随饲喂时间的延长均呈现先升高后降低的动态变化规律,总体在饲喂后1.5 h达到峰值;谷氨酸和氨含量也呈现相似的变化规律。原虫破碎液中参与蛋白质分解代谢的这4种酶的活力在各时间点均极显著高于细菌(P0.01)。2)原虫破碎液谷氨酸含量极显著高于细菌(P0.01);原虫破碎液氨含量在1.5、6.0、9.0和12.0 h显著或极显著高于细菌(P0.05或P0.01)。3)绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)的Km值分别为2.60×10~(-7)、1.48×10~(-7)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对谷氨酸的Km值分别为8.41×10~(-6)、4.91×10~(-6)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的Km值分别为3.80×10~(-8)、2.70×10~(-8)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对α-酮戊二酸的Km值分别为1.16×10~(-6)、2.07×10~(-6)mol/L;细菌、原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶对氨的Km值分别为2.97×10~(-5)、1.40×10~(-5)mol/L。结果提示,总体上,绵羊瘤胃细菌、原虫中蛋白酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶的活力在饲喂后1.5 h达到峰值,之后逐渐降低;绵羊瘤胃原虫中蛋白酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的活力均极显著高于细菌,原虫中蛋白质分解代谢更旺盛;瘤胃原虫中不仅存在谷氨酸转氨机制,还可能存在利用氨重新合成氨基酸的机制。 相似文献
6.
从已分离的多个狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)内生固氮菌株中筛选到两株固氮酶活性较高的菌株7D和BM13,为明确固氮菌株对环境因子的适应性,研究了在不同的生长环境条件下菌株的生长量。采用Ashby无氮培养基,测定了温度、pH、渗透压以及不同氮源和碳源等环境条件对固氮菌生长的影响。结果表明,在10~40℃的温度范围内、pH值3.92~9.64的酸碱环境和30g·L~(-1) NaCl的高渗透压下,固氮菌7D和BM13均能正常生长;菌株能耐受0~10mmol·L~(-1)的NH_4~+和NO_3~-,而且能利用蔗糖、甘油、麦芽糖、甘露醇和葡萄糖等多种碳源生长。说明狗牙根内生固氮菌株7D和BM13对环境因子有很强的抗逆性和适应性,但两菌株之间存在一定差异,可望进一步研发成为优良的固氮微生物肥料生产菌种。 相似文献
7.
We measured the weight and volume of omasae, and the number, weight and area of omasal laminae from wild fallow (Cervus dama), and wild and farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) whose diet, as indicated by rumen content, was known. A multivariate analysis yielded two principal components, interpreted as indices of overall omasal size and laminar leafiness. The second component showed significantly greater variance in wild red deer than in farmed red or wild fallow deer. Deer feeding on a mixed diet of browse and grasses may have greater variability of omasal form than those feeding on grass alone. A relationship is derived by which the laminar area can be estimated from counts of laminae in different size classes. 相似文献
8.
选用8只健康成年狍,采用瘤胃穿刺法收集瘤胃液。研究不同季节日粮组成对狍瘤胃pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）、氨态氮（NH3-N）、茵体蛋白（BCP）、内毒素以及组织胺浓度等瘤胃内环境指标的影响。结果显示：夏季日粮与冬季日粮相比较,瘤胃中NH3-N和BCP浓度显著升高（P〈0．05）;瘤胃pH和乙酸水平显著降低（P〈0．05）;丙酸水平显著提升（P〈0．05）;而内毒素和组织胺浓度无显著变化（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,冬、夏日粮组成均能够满足狍的营养需要以及稳定狍的瘤胃内环境,但夏季日粮组成对狍瘤胃发酵和营养需要更为适宜。 相似文献
9.
R. Galuppi S. Aureli C. Bonoli M. Caffara M.P. Tampieri 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(1):110-115
The prevalence of piroplasms in a closed population of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) living in the Italian preserve of “Bosco della Mesola” - Ferrara (Mesola wood) was investigated. Blood samples and ticks were collected from 62 fallow deer. On microscopic observation, 28 (45.0%) blood samples were positive for piroplasms while PCR provided evidence for piroplasms infection in 47 (75.8%) fallow deer. The 67 ticks, collected from positive and negative animals, were identified as Ixodesricinus L., 1758 (89.6%) and Haemaphysalisconcinna Koch, 1844 (10.4%). At the PCR, four samples of I. ricinus were positive for piroplasms. The sequences of the 18S rRNA gene from both blood and ticks were identical and showed high identity (99.6%) with Theileria sp. 3185/02 (DQ866842) and Theileria capreoli (AY726011) from roe deer. Interestingly, the phylogenetical analyses evidenced differences between the Theileria strain from Mesola wood and the ones isolated in fallow deer from other Italian areas. 相似文献
10.
Boadella M Barasona JA Diaz-Sanchez S Lyashchenko KP Greenwald R Esfandiari J Gortazar C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(1-2):160-164
Fallow deer (Dama dama) are widely distributed as natural or naturalised populations, as well as in game parks and deer farms. We used 157 fallow deer sampled in populations considered to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) free and 73 Mycobacterium bovis-infected fallow deer confirmed postmortem by culture to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two tests for the detection of anti-mycobacterial antibodies: the dual path platform (DPP) VetTB assay and the bovine purified protein derivative (bPPD) ELISA. We also compared their sensitivity with that of the skin test, analyzed the effect of haemolysis degree on the antibody detection and described the relationship between the test readings and presence/absence of gross tuberculosis (TB) compatible lesions. Sensitivity of bPPD ELISA was 51% at a specificity of 96%. Depending on the cut-off value selected, the sensitivity of DPP VetTB ranged from 62 to 71%, while its specificity was 88-95%. In the subgroup of M. bovis-infected deer for which the skin test data were available (33 of 73); this method detected 76% of culture-positive animals, although the specificity of the intradermal test was not determined in this study. When the DPP VetTB and skin test data were combined, the resulting sensitivity obtained in this sub-group of M. bovis-infected deer increased to 97%. Gross pathology identified TB compatible lesions (TBL) in 89% culture-confirmed fallow deer. The infected animals with visible lesions had significantly higher readings in the DPP VetTB, but not in the bPPD ELISA. Only high levels of haemolysis decreased antibody test sensitivity and this effect was more evident for the bPPD ELISA. The results allowed inferring a number of management recommendations for rapid detection of MTC infection in live fallow deer and in surveys on hunter-harvested cervids. 相似文献
11.
为探讨不同饲喂频率对梅花鹿瘤胃消化代谢的影响 ,选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,采用 3种饲喂频率 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃内pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了其动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,增加饲喂次数 ,可以极显著地提高梅花鹿对粗饲料的采食量和瘤胃内pH值(P <0 0 1 )。不同饲喂次数 ,对瘤胃内NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度没有显著的影响 (P >0 0 5)。瘤胃内主要代谢参数均随进食而呈现一定的动态变化规律 相似文献
12.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,用 3种含有不同能量浓度的精料补充料日粮 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)、三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白 (TCA P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了其动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,日粮能量浓度对瘤胃内 pH值、NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度没有显著的影响(P >0 0 5) ;而对玉米青贮采食量及TCA P浓度影响显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,随着日粮能量浓度的提高 ,瘤胃内TCA P浓度也极显著的提高 (P <0 0 1 )。试验结果还指出 ,瘤胃内主要代谢参数均受进食的显著影响 ,在采食前后不同时间点均呈现一定的动态变化规律 相似文献
13.
日粮中添加延胡索酸对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用体外培养试验,通过测定培养24h后培养液pH值、BCP、NH3-N、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和TVFA等各项指标,综合评定了奶牛日粮中添加延胡索酸后对瘤胃发酵功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,添加4mmol/L、7mmol/L的延胡索酸试验组的培养液pH值显著提高(P<0.05);添加4mmol/L和10mmol/L延胡索酸试验组BCP含量显著提高(P<0.05)。添加各剂量延胡索酸对培养液NH3-N含量均没有显著的影响。添加4mmol/L、7mmol/L处理组均提高了培养液的乙酸(P<0.05)和丙酸(P<0.05),添加10mmol/L处理组提高了丙酸(P<0.05)浓度,降低了丁酸(P<0.05)。 相似文献
14.
Pasteurella multocida serotype B:3,4 isolated from a fallow deer in England was used as a vaccine to prevent haemorrhagic septicaemia. The deer strain was less virulent for calves than typical serotype B:2 of haemorrhagic septicaemia strains. It elicited antibodies in cattle that protected mice against serotype B:2 infection. The live deer vaccine containing 2 X 10(7) viable organisms per dose was used to immunise calves. Six months after vaccination, five of six calves were protected against serotype B:2 challenge. Two calves challenged nine months after vaccination survived the same challenge. The live vaccine was more efficacious than an alum precipitated vaccine in protecting calves against B:2 challenge. 相似文献
15.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,用 3种含有不同蛋白质水平的精料补充日粮 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃的 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3-N)、三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白(TCA -P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率 相似文献
16.
Maki HAYASHIDA Kousaku SOUMA Osamu HANAGATA Masayo OKAMOTO Takayoshi MASUKO 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(3):227-231
The rumen contents were collected from 36 wild Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) captured by deer culling or by hunting in the spring, summer, autumn and winter in Hokkaido, Japan. Botanical classification was conducted, and the contents of mineral (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)) were measured. The animals were captured around pastures or fallow field areas in the Kushiro area. The rumen contents consisted of grasses and Sasa sp. leaves regardless of the season. Leaves and bark were ingested in the spring, autumn and winter. The macro‐mineral contents in the rumen showed seasonal changes. In the summer, the Ca, K and P contents were high, and the Na content was low. There were no seasonal changes in the Fe content. The P, Na and Fe contents were higher than the animals' requirements. In a future survey, it is needed to determine the mineral contents of the food ingested by wild Yeso sika deer. 相似文献
17.
Blood culture and stimulation conditions for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cervids by the Cervigam assay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Waters WR Palmer MV Thacker TC Orloski K Nol P Harrington NP Olsen SC Nonnecke BJ 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(7):203-208
Mitogen- and antigen-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses of peripheral blood leucocytes from cervids were evaluated by a commercial whole-blood assay. The assay was applied to Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer and reindeer, M bovis BCG-vaccinated white-tailed deer and elk, and unvaccinated, uninfected white-tailed deer, fallow deer, elk and reindeer. The responses of the M bovis-infected white-tailed deer to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) varied with time and between individuals. The responses of the M bovis-infected reindeer to PWM and M bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were positively associated. Samples from tuberculosis-free captive herds in various parts of the USA were also evaluated. Four per cent of fallow deer, 20 per cent of elk, 44 per cent of white-tailed deer, and 91 per cent of reindeer had responses to PWM exceeding 0.25 Delta optical density, that is, PWM stimulation minus no stimulation. The specificity of the responses to M bovis PPD and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific antigen rESAT-6:CFP-10, excluding animals not responding to PWM, ranged from 78 per cent to 100 per cent and was dependent upon the species and the positive response cut-off value. The results show that the commercial assay is valid for the detection of TB in reindeer; however, further development of the assay will be required before it is used in surveillance programmes for white-tailed deer, fallow deer, and elk. 相似文献
18.
The winter grazing of wild ruminants on mantles of slate waste in the Harz mountains and in Gera county were richest in Mn whereas those on mantles of granite waste in the Erzgebirge were poorest. The flora of the shell-limestone, keuper and loess areas contains much less Mn than that of those acid habitats. The Mn-requirement of the wild ruminants grazing in the forests is met however, since bilberry plants (2,080 mg/kg), spruce twigs (984 mg/kg), spruce bark (827 mg/kg), oak twigs (791 mg/kg) and heather (754 mg/kg dry matter) in addition to many other plant species store extremely high amounts of Mn. Solely sallow twigs were poor in Mn (28 mg/kg). Based on 601 samples examined, the Mn supply of wild ruminants is extensively described. The rumen content reflected the plentiful Mn-supply of the wild ruminants living in forests (greater than 400 mg/kg) and the far worse one of field roes, particularly in Mn-deficiency areas for domesticated ruminants (mantle of shell-limestone waste 37 mg Mn/kg dry matter of rumen content). The indicator organs of the Mn-status (liver, covering hair, kidneys) verify the statements made concerning red deer, fallow deer and mouflons, of which a total of 170 head from 14 biotopes were examined. An Mn-deficit of field roes in Mn-deficiency habitats in winter cannot completely be excluded. Mouflons have not yet been able to adapt themselves to the excessive Mn-supply of the acid forest habitats in Central Europe. They stored significantly higher amounts of Mn in liver, covering hair, kidneys, cerebrum and ribs than the other wild ruminants and sheep and cattle. The normal Mn-content of the liver and the cerebrum of red deer, fallow deer and roes corresponds to that of sheep and cattle. Roes and fallow deer have winter covering hair poor in Mn (less than 4.0 mg/kg) in comparison to sheep and cattle. 相似文献
19.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,对于同一种精料补充料 ,以传统的饲喂方式为对照 ,采用精料熟化的饲喂方法进行试验。对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)、三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白 (TCA P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,精料熟化对玉米青贮食量及TCA P浓度有极显著影响 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;对瘤胃内 pH值、NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。试验结果还指出 ,精料熟化对瘤胃内乙酸 /丙酸值有显著影响 ,从而影响瘤胃的发酵类型 相似文献
20.
Two sheep with a ruminal fistula and an isolated small rumen were studied for the secretion of ammonia nitrogen, urea nitrogen, and amino nitrogen into the isolated rumen at different levels of volatile fatty acids (VFA) (50, 133-97, and 97-66 M Mol 1(-1)) in the rumen. The VFA level in the rumen was found to exert a great influence on the quantitative secretion of endogenous nitrogen from the blood through the rumen wall into rumen content. When the VFA level in the rumen was increased by administration of a single dose of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid, the secretion of ammonia nitrogen and amino nitrogen abruptly dropped and the secretion of urea into the isolated rumen slightly increased. The over-all amount of nitrogen (NH3-N + urea-N + amino-N) that had passed into the isolated rumen in the course of an hour showed a highly significant correlation with the passage of nitrogen in the form of ammonia and amino nitrogen and was greatest before the application of VFA to the rumen, i.e. at the level of 50 m mol 1-1. Of the metabolites under study, which were passing to the isolated rumen, amino nitrogen shared the greatest proportion (45.38-46.54%). When the VFA level in the rumen was raised, the proportion of ammonia secreted to the isolated rumen decreased and the proportion of urea in the total amount of nitrogen increased. 相似文献