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1.
咸淡水交替灌溉下土壤水盐分布与玉米吸水规律研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探明不同矿化度微咸水和地下水在不同交替灌溉方式下对土壤水盐分布和玉米吸水规律的影响,采用3种矿化度(2. 0、3. 5、5. 0 g/L)微咸水和地下水(1. 1 g/L)在2种交替灌溉方式("地下水-微咸水"、"地下水-微咸水-微咸水")下进行了大田试验。结果表明,在同一土壤深度下,土壤含水率和电导率随着微咸水矿化度升高而升高,"地下水-微咸水-微咸水"交替灌溉方式下的含水率和电导率较高;在不同时期各处理的土壤纵向含水率均表现出先下降、后上升的规律,在拔节期和抽穗期各处理的土壤纵向电导率表现出先下降、后上升的规律,在灌浆期表现出上升、下降、再上升的规律。通过氢氧稳定同位素分析得出,不同矿化度微咸水和不同交替灌溉方式组合下,玉米在拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的主要吸水深度分别为:0～20 cm、20～40 cm和0～20 cm,不同时期主要吸水深度的平均贡献率随着微咸水矿化度的升高而减小,"地下水-微咸水-微咸水"交替灌溉方式的平均贡献率较低。矿化度2. 0 g/L微咸水与地下水在"地下水-微咸水"的交替灌溉方式下得到的产量最高,达到1. 54 kg/m~2。 相似文献
2.
盐分胁迫对油菜生长特性和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了确定紫色土地区油菜微咸水灌溉的安全使用质量浓度,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同矿化度微咸水对油菜生长和产量的影响。试验采用3种微咸水,NaCl溶液、CaCl2溶液以及二者矿化度1∶1混合溶液,矿化度设置为0.6、1、3、5、7g/L,共15种处理。结果表明,适宜矿化度的微咸水可以促进油菜生长;3种微咸水灌溉促进生长的适宜矿化度不同,NaCl溶液、CaCl2溶液以及矿化度1∶1混合溶液处理,最适矿化度分别为3.92、1.63和2.64g/L;矿化度超过7.06、3.99和4.78g/L时,油菜的形态和产量均受到严重影响。采用3.92g/L矿化度NaCl的微咸水灌溉,苗期、蕾薹期、开花期、成熟期土壤水分分别为70%θf~80%θf、75%θf~85%θf、70%θf~80%θf、60%θf~65%θf是紫色土地区微咸水灌溉油菜的适宜模式。 相似文献
3.
微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对玉米生长指标及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以隆平206玉米品种为载体进行了温室避雨盆栽试验,试验设计"咸-淡-淡"、"淡-咸-淡"和"淡-淡-咸"3种交替灌溉模式,即分别在壮苗期、拔节期、抽雄—乳熟期3个阶段灌溉微咸水,微咸水矿化度设计为1、3和5 g/L,监测生长生理和产量指标。结果表明,任一时期灌溉矿化度1 g/L微咸水对玉米株高、叶面积、SPAD和产量影响不明显;随微咸水矿化度的增加,玉米受抑制作用增强;微咸水灌溉后壮苗期玉米株高、叶面积、SPAD受影响显著,由于玉米前期补偿生长能力强,随生长推进,壮苗期微咸水灌溉处理与CK间差异逐渐减小,玉米株高、叶面积、SPAD受抑制最显著的为拔节期微咸水灌溉处理,其次是壮苗期,抽雄—乳熟期最小;对玉米产量影响最大的是抽雄—乳熟期微咸水灌溉处理,其次是拔节期,壮苗期影响最小,故生殖生长阶段不宜采用微咸水灌溉;滨海农区可根据淡水、微咸水资源的时空分布特征设计交替灌溉制度,利用淡水灌溉的补偿效应确保玉米产量。 相似文献
4.
《节水灌溉》2018,(12)
探寻利用宁夏压砂地产业区丰富的地下微咸水灌溉对欧李光合作用及产量的影响。以灌溉淡水(矿化度0.22 g/L)为对照,利用当地微咸水设置2.35 g/L和4.07 g/L不同矿化度对"欧李5号"进行大田灌溉试验。结果表明:矿化度2.35 g/L条件下的欧李光合作用和产量等指标均优于矿化度为4.07 g/L情况下,但果实品质表现为4.07g/L时较优;欧李叶绿素、单果重、单位面积产量和灌溉水分生产效率在矿化度为2.35 g/L时与淡水无显著差异,品质在4.07 g/L时显著优于淡水。综合各项指标,2.35 g/L是当地适宜的微咸水灌溉矿化度,同时利用当地地下4.07 g/L微咸水灌溉也是可行的。 相似文献
5.
为寻求微咸水膜下滴灌的最优灌溉制度,分别用微咸水（矿化度为2.7g/L）、净水（矿化度为0.18g/L）、混合水（微咸水与净水按1：1混合,矿化度为1.6g/L）三种水质,分析5种灌溉制度对辣椒生长和产量的影响,测定了辣椒株高、光合作用、产量、果实品质等指标。结果表明,长期用微咸水灌溉辣椒,其植株整体长势较弱且总产量（3069.8kg/667m2）最低。而用净水灌溉,辣椒产量高达4147.9kg/667m2,在相同的灌溉量下,能有效提高植株水分利用效率,但会降低辣椒品质,同时利用净水设备进行净化处理会相对增加农民的种植成本。用混合水灌溉辣椒产量（3603.2kg/667m2）比微咸水灌溉处理增产14.8%,且有机酸含量低于微咸水灌溉处理,同时可溶性总糖含量高于净水灌溉处理。综合来看,利用矿化度为1.6g/L咸淡水混合灌溉模式,辣椒的产量较高、品质较好,可以在微咸水地区辣椒种植中推广。 相似文献
6.
为了确定微咸水膜下滴灌棉花适宜的灌水量和利用方式,通过测坑试验探讨了微咸水膜下滴灌灌水量以及利用方式对棉花根层土壤盐分及产量的影响,结果表明：微咸水膜下滴灌灌水量为525.00~675.00 mm时棉花根层周围盐分积累较少,灌水量为475.00~564.29 mm时棉花产量较高;比起采用3.00 g/L的微咸水直接灌溉,1.08 g/L的微咸水直接灌溉时根系层土壤积盐范围较小且棉花产量较高,其次为1.08 g/L与3.00 g/L的微咸水轮灌。最后综合考虑确定出微咸水膜下滴灌棉花适宜的灌水量范围为525.00~564.29 mm,在淡水资源比较缺乏或没有淡水资源而微咸水资源较丰富的地区,可以考虑采用低矿化度的微咸水直接灌溉或将低矿化度与高矿化度的微咸水进行轮灌。 相似文献
7.
微咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量及农艺性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《节水灌溉》2017,(9)
为了研究天津地区微咸水灌溉对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响,布置了5个不同矿化度微咸水(1、2、3、4、5 g/L)及淡水(CK)的田间灌溉试验,试验通过冬小麦耗水规律进行微咸水灌溉调控。研究结果表明:不同盐浓度微咸水对冬小麦农艺性状均有影响,总体上呈现出,小麦株高、叶面积随微咸水矿化度的增高而减小的趋势,其中4与5 g/L的微咸水灌溉下影响显著,小麦株高减少17.68%、23.84%,叶面积减小29.12%、36.31%。;微咸水矿化度的增高,使耗水强度呈现出变弱趋势,但在1与2 g/L盐水胁迫下,使得土壤渗透势提高,促进作物根系对土壤水分的吸收,并且在一定的盐胁迫下,使得干物质向小麦籽粒中转移,从而提高了小麦产量。用矿化度3 g/L以上的微咸水在灌溉冬小麦过程中,主要根层出现土壤盐分积累现象,但配合种植夏玉米,淡水压盐,土壤中含盐量明显下降,对冬小麦种植影响较小。 相似文献
8.
基于主成分分析的油葵微咸水调亏灌溉灌水效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以高油酸含量的油用向日葵为试验材料,应用主成分分析方法将各评价指标的加权和作为微咸水灌水效果的综合主成分指标,并利用该指标评价和分析灌水效果。结果表明,灌水效果综合主成分可以代表93.29%的灌水效果变异信息,且服从正态分布,具有较好的代表性与客观性,可用于油葵微咸水调亏灌溉的评价。河套灌区油葵微咸水灌溉的临界矿化度为3.5g/L,最适宜进行水分亏缺的时期为现蕾期。当微咸水矿化度处于较低水平时（<3.5g/L）,微咸水调亏灌溉对油葵产量与品质的影响较小。当微咸水矿化度达到3.5g/L时,最为适宜的灌溉制度为现蕾期灌80%充分灌溉的灌水定额,其他生育期充分灌溉。 相似文献
9.
我国微咸水灌溉研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
灌溉水源短缺是我国农业持续发展面临的重大危机与挑战,如何解决这一问题有着重大的实际意义。微咸水灌溉是一种可行的开源途径,在我国不同地区针对不同农作物已经开展了深入的研究,需要及时而完整地总结相关的经验,以更好地指导未来微咸水利用的实践。以华北平原大田灌溉为基本农业类型,总结了微咸水灌溉成功施行的相关措施,包括可用水源的矿化度阈值、降雨淋溶以及相关农田管理措施对土壤盐分累积状况的影响和改善等,并针对微咸水灌溉实施条件下作物产量和品质方面可能出现的影响进行了总结。有助于人们多角度、从不同方面认识微咸水灌溉问题,为未来微咸水灌溉的实施提供了一些准则。 相似文献
10.
对邢台市微咸水资源分布及其开发利用现状进行了分析,并结合微咸水的化学特性,指出利用微咸水进行灌溉,不仅要考虑作物对水分的要求,而且要控制盐分的危害,微咸水灌溉技术涉及到水、土、作物等几个方面。实验结果表明：矿化度小于或低于3g/L的微咸水,对作物和土壤不会产生危害。提出了为缓解邢台市水资源短缺的局面,在通过南水北调工程实施流域调水的同时,利用南水北调淡水资源对本区咸水进行稀释,降低水的矿化度,减少盐份对作物及土壤的危害,使之达到符合国家颁发的灌溉水质标准,满足农业生产需要的新思路。根据南水北调工程为本市农业分配水量,计算出了可以带动本市微咸水的利用量。对引江带动邢台市微咸水利用综合效益进行了分析评价。 相似文献
11.
The field experiments were carried out in 2007 and 2008 to study the effects and strategies of drip irrigation with saline water for oleic sunflower. Five treatments of irrigation water with average salinity levels of 1.6, 3.9, 6.3, 8.6, and 10.9 dS/m were designed. For each treatment, 7 mm water was applied when the soil matric potential (SMP) 0.2 m directly underneath the drip emitters was below −20 kPa, except during the seedling stage. To ensure the seedling survival, 28 mm water was applied after sowing during the seedling stage. Results indicate that amount of applied water decreases as salinity level of irrigation water increases. The emergence will be delayed when the salinity level of irrigation water is higher than 6.3 dS/m, but these differences will be alleviated if there is rainfall during emergence period. The final emergence percentage is not changed when salinity level of irrigation is less than 6.3 dS/m, and the percentage decreases by 2.0% for every 1 dS/m increase when the salinity level of irrigation water is above 6.3 dS/m, but the decreasing rate will be reduced if there is rainfall. The plant height and yield decrease with the increase of salinity of irrigation water. The height of plants decreases by 0.6-1.0% for every 1 dS/m increase in salinity level of irrigation water. The yield decreases by 1.8% for every 1 dS/m increase in salinity level of irrigation water, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increases with increase in salinity of irrigation water. The soil salinity increases as the salinity of irrigation water increasing after drip irrigation with saline water in the beginning, but the soil salinity in soil profile from 0 to 120 cm depths can be maintained in a stable level in subsequent year irrigation with saline water. From the view points of yield and soil salt balance, it can be recognized even as the salinity level of irrigation water is as high as 10.9 dS/m, saline water can be applied to irrigate oleic sunflower using drip irrigation when the soil matric potential 0.2 m directly under drip emitter is kept above −20 kPa and the beds are mulched in semi-humid area. 相似文献
12.
河套灌区节水灌溉对土壤盐分累积规律的模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在内蒙古河套实施农业节水对引黄灌区水资源可持续利用具有非常重要的意义。通过河套灌区土壤水盐动态的原位监测,并应用水盐运移和作物耦合模型HYDRUS-EPIC对不同灌溉条件下葵花土壤盐分累积规律进行分析。研究结果表明:现状滴灌条件下葵花生育期土壤表层(0~10cm)盐分呈累积趋势,全盐含量分别比传统地面灌溉和等量地面灌高115%和37%;葵花生育期0~100cm增加的全盐量(ΔC)滴灌比传统地面灌溉高305%,比等量地面灌溉低23%,淋洗是灌区滴灌不可或缺的抑盐措施;滴灌条件下葵花的产量比传统地面灌小6.5%;滴灌产量比等量地面灌高11.7%,增产效果明显。 相似文献
13.
滴灌年限对土壤盐分分布及棉花的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对新疆盐碱地的改良及土壤次生盐渍化的问题,定点监测了121团开荒应用膜下滴灌技术种植棉花从第2年到第4年连续3年的盐分变化,并与荒地盐分对比。结果表明:滴灌2年,各个土层土壤含盐量在生育期初与生育期末变化较小,积盐现象与荒地相比有所减轻;随着滴灌年限的增加,各个土层土壤含盐量均呈减少趋势;滴灌4年后各个土层土壤含盐量再分布比较明显,0～20cm土层及120～140cm土层含盐量最大,40～60cm与80～100cm土层土壤含盐量较小,棉花根系主要分布的40～60cm土层土壤含盐量最小;滴灌4年土壤含盐量基本满足种子出苗,平均成活率从6.9%,增加到94.5%,但是棉花平均株高、平均单株铃数及产量仅为正常棉花的66%、53%和57%,相对较低。对于滴灌4年后的盐碱地应继续加大水盐调控的力度。 相似文献
14.
Blaine R. Hanson Robert B. Hutmacher Donald M. May 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2006,20(2-3):155-175
Artificial subsurface drainage is not an option for addressing the saline, shallow ground water conditions along the west side of the San Joaquin Valley because of the lack of drainage water disposal facilities. Thus, the salinity/drainage problem of the valley must be addressed through improved irrigation practices. One option is to use drip irrigation in the salt affected soil.A study evaluated the response of processing tomato and cotton to drip irrigation under shallow, saline ground water at depths less than 1 m. A randomized block experiment with four irrigation treatments of different water applications was used for both crops. Measurements included crop yield and quality, soil salinity, soil water content, soil water potential, and canopy coverage. Results showed drip irrigation of processing tomato to be highly profitable under these conditions due to the yield obtained for the highest water application. Water applications for drip-irrigated tomato should be about equal to seasonal crop evapotranspiration because yield decreased as applied water decreased. No yield response of cotton to applied water occurred indicating that as applied water decreased, cotton uptake of the shallow ground water increased. While a water balance showed no field-wide leaching, salinity data clearly showed salt leaching around the drip lines. 相似文献
15.
16.
Comparison of different irrigation methods based on the parametric evaluation approach in Dosalegh plain: Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammad Albaji Ali Shahnazari Saeed BoroomandNasab 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(7):1093-1098
Declining water resources and limited clean water reservoirs call for more efficient water use for food production in the future. The objective of this research was to compare different irrigation methods based on a parametric evaluation system in an area of 60,000 ha in the Dosalegh plain of the Khuzestan province, in the southwest of Iran. After the soil properties were analyzed and evaluated, suitability maps were generated for surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation methods, using Remote Sensing (RS) techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS). The results demonstrated that by applying sprinkler and drip irrigation instead of surface irrigation method, the land suitability of 23,790 and 33,261 ha (39.89%) in the Dosalegh plain will improve, respectively. The comparison of the different types of irrigation techniques revealed that the drip and sprinkler irrigations methods were more effective and efficient than that of surface irrigation for improved land productivity. However, the main limiting factor in using either surface or/and sprinkler irrigation methods in this area were soil texture, salinity, and slope, and the main limiting factor in using drip irrigation methods were the calcium carbonate content, soil texture and salinity. 相似文献
17.
The increasing demand for irrigation water to secure food for growing populations with limited water supply suggests re-thinking
the use of non-conventional water resources. The latter includes saline drainage water, brackish groundwater and treated waste
water. The effects of using saline drainage water (electrical conductivity of 4.2–4.8 dS m−1) to irrigate field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Floradade) using drip and furrow irrigation systems were evaluated, together with the distribution of soil moisture
and salt. The saline water was either diluted to different salinity levels using fresh water (blended) or used cyclically
with fresh water. The results of two seasons of study (2001 and 2002) showed that increasing salinity resulted in decreased
leaf area index, plant dry weight, fruit total yield and individual fruit weight. In all cases, the growth parameters and
yield as well as the water use efficiency were greater for drip irrigated tomato plants than furrow-irrigated plants. However,
furrow irrigation produced higher individual fruit weight. The electrical conductivity of the soil solution (extracted 48 h
after irrigation) showed greater fluctuations when cyclic water management was used compared to those plots irrigated with
blended water. In both drip and furrow irrigation, measurements of soil moisture one day after irrigation, showed that soil
moisture was higher at the top 20 cm layer and at the location of the irrigation water source; soil moisture was at a minimum
in the root zone (20–40 cm layer), but showed a gradual increase at 40–60 and 60–90 cm and was stable at 90–120 cm depth.
Soil water content decreased gradually as the distance from the irrigation water source increased. In addition, a few days
after irrigation, the soil moisture content decreased, but the deficit was most pronounced in the surface layer. Soil salinity
at the irrigation source was lower at a depth of 15 cm (surface layer) than that at 30 and 60 cm, and was minimal in deeper
layers (i.e. 90 cm). Salinity increased as the distance from the irrigation source increased particularly in the surface layer.
The results indicated that the salinity followed the water front. We concluded that the careful and efficient management of
irrigation with saline water can leave the groundwater salinity levels unaffected and recommended the use of drip irrigation
as the fruit yield per unit of water used was on average one-third higher than when using furrow irrigation. 相似文献
18.
《Agricultural Water Management》2001,52(1):53-71
The influences of water quantity and quality on young lemon trees (Eureka) were studied at the University of Jordan Research Station at the Jordan Valley for 5 years (1996–2000). Five water levels and three water qualities were imposed via trickle irrigation system on clay loam soil. The primary effect of excess salinity is that it renders less water available to plants although some is still present in the root zone. Lemon trees water requirements should be modified year by year since planting according to the percentage shaded area, and this will lead into substantial water saving. Both evaporation from class A pan and the percentage shaded area can be used to give a satisfactory estimate of the lemon trees water requirement at the different growth stages. The highest lemon fruit yield was at irrigation water depth equal to evaporation depth from class A pan when corrected for tree canopy percentage area. Increasing irrigation water salinity 3.7 times increased average crop root zone salinity by about 3.8–4.1 times.The high salt concentration at the soil surface is due to high evaporation rate from wetted areas and the nature of soil water distribution associated with drip irrigation system. Then, the salt concentration decreased until the second depth, thereafter, salt concentration followed the bulb shape of the wetted soil volume under trickle irrigation. Irrigation water salinity is very important factor that should be managed with limited (deficit) irrigation. But increasing amount of applied saline water could result in a negative effect on crop yield and environment such as increasing average crop root zone salinity, nutrient leaching, water logging, increasing the drainage water load of salinity which might pollute ground water and other water sources. 相似文献
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新疆气候干旱与土壤盐碱化并存,是制约新疆农业发展的主要因素,开沟覆膜滴灌技术综合了膜下滴灌技术与开沟技术的优点,理论上可有效治理盐碱地。在开沟覆膜滴灌技术下,设置不同灌水定额与灌水次数,利用试验土槽模拟盐分调控规律,结果表明:1第1次合适灌水定额对盐分的淋洗起主要作用,可使土体盐分达到较稳定的状态,盐分也随水分侧向运移,并在土埂表层聚集;2灌水定额的增加促进盐分随水分向远离滴头和向深层方向运移,使得覆膜间、覆膜边盐分淋洗的深度增加,脱盐区增加;3在灌水定额为300m3/hm2时,可以在滴灌带横向0~23cm,下部58cm处迅速形成一个含盐量小于1.5%的达标脱盐区,满足当地作物正常出苗,故建议当地可选择300m3/hm2作为第1次灌水洗盐定额。 相似文献