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1.
Pisum sativum specific sequence tagged microsatellite site primers were used to amplify genomic profiles from 15accessions of P. sativum L. that represented the genetic base of the Australian field pea-breeding program and five accessions of the wild related species P. fulvum. The STMS primers were used to assess genetic relationships among the Pisum accessions in two ways. Firstly, to produce RAPD-like multiple banding marker profiles using an adapted RAMS method, for intra- and interspecific diversity analysis. From the 14 flanking primer pairs assessed, 133 markers were obtained. Conservation and reproducibility of markers among individuals within accessions was demonstrated. The largest distance observed among P. sativumaccessions was 22% and among P.fulvum accessions was 40%, similar to that revealed with other PCR-based methods. The maximum distance between P.sativum and P. fulvum accessions was 46%. Phylogenetic clustering of P. sativum accessions, using the neighbour joining method and based on simple matching distances, was distinct and distant to P. fulvum. Secondly, PCR with a higher annealing temperature and fluorescent labeling identified simple and allelic loci markers useful for creating agenotype/fingerprint database for P. sativum cultivars. This is the first report to demonstrate the use of Pisum specific STMS sequences for both diversity analysis and genotype identification. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

2.
Summary Seventeen unreplicated field trials over nine sites and four years were used to classifyPisum germplasm (P. sativum L. &P. fulvum Sibth. & Sm) as potential sources of resistance to the pea weevil,Bruchus pisorum (L.). The emergence of adult weevils from <10% of harvested seed was used as the selection criterion to indicate possible resistance. A total of 1900Pisum accessions were assessed using the field trials and 1754 of theP. sativum accessions were eliminated. However in the 18P. fulvum accessions screened, the level of infestation by pea weevil was always below the arbitrary resistance threshold selected. This suggests thatP. fulvum accessions could be a valuable source of resistance to the pea weevil.  相似文献   

3.
Two colchicine-induced tetraploid lines, one belonging to Pisum sativum and the other to the wild species Pisum fulvum, were compared with their corresponding diploids and among themselves for chromosome number, meiotic behaviour and for pollen and pod fertility. For both lines, five generations were analyzed; the tetraploid level was maintained throughout the generations. In P. fulvum, aneuploids with 27, 29 and 30 chromosomes were observed, while in P. sativum aneuploids with 29 chromomes were found. Meiotic analysis evidenced a higher number of quadrivalents and a lower number of univalents in P. fulvum. This particular chromosomal behaviour may also have been responsible for determining the higher pollen and pod fertility in P. fulvum. Wild species of this genus seem to have better tolerance for ploidy variations.  相似文献   

4.
Little resistance against Mycosphaerella pinodes is available in pea. In this work 78 accessions of Pisum were screened for resistance to M. pinodes. Fourteen accessions showed a good level of resistance in seedlings under controlled conditions, and in mature plants in the field. The highest levels of resistance were found in P. fuivum, followed by P. sativum ssp. eiatius and P. sativum ssp. syriacum. Resistance of five selected accessions was effective against different isolates of M. pinodes originating from different countries. Resistant accessions reported in this paper have been successfully hybridized with field pea cultivars.  相似文献   

5.
Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines were used to study the chromosome locations of adult-plant leaf rust resistance genes identified from tetraploid wheat accessions. The accessions are 104 (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum var. arras) and 127 (T. turgidum subsp. durum var. aestivum). The complete sets of the substitution lines were crossed as female parents with the accessions and F1 double monosomic individuals selected at metaphase I. Segregating F2 individuals were inoculated during the flag leaf stage with pathotype UVPrt2 of Puccinia triticina. The substitution analysis involving accession 104 showed that the gene for leaf rust resistance is located on chromosome 6B. The analysis with accession 127 indicated that chromosome 4A carries a gene for leaf rust resistance. The two novel genes are temporarily designated as Lrac104 and Lrac127, respectively from accessions 104 and 127.  相似文献   

6.
Pea would benefit from the plasticity and adaptability of its cross-incompatible relatives Pisum fulvum and Lathyrus sativus L., and we have tested reciprocal sexual crossings by manually cross-pollinating plants of genotypes of these three species. Studies of in situ germination of pollen grains on stigmata showed that pollen tubes were generally unable to germinate or could not reach the ovary. A few putative hybrid pods were nevertheless harvested, with one grain per pod germinated in vitro, then micropropagated for flow cytometry, isoenzyme, molecular (ribosomal ITS PCR-RFLP) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) studies. One such grain was recovered from an inter-generic cross of P. sativum x L. sativus and four from an inter-specific P. sativum x P. fulvumcross. A strong cross-incompatibility was shown between pea and grass pea, where the putative hybrid turned out to be pea. Conversely, with the interspecific, P. sativum x P. fulvum cross, flow cytometry and isoenzymes with leaf tissues strongly suggested hybridity, while molecular approaches and GISH confirmed the production of inter-specific hybrids, and without the need for a wild type P. sativum accession as a bridging cross.  相似文献   

7.
Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (F.o.m) is one of the most widespread and devastating melon diseases. While resistance to physiological races 0, 1, and 2 is relatively frequent in different botanical varieties, sources of resistance to race 1,2 are restricted to a few Far-Eastern accessions. In this work, the results of a screening for resistance to F.o.m. race 1,2 among 32 accessions are presented. Three Japanese accessions (‘Kogane Nashi Makuwa’, ‘C-211’, and ‘C-40’) showed the highest resistance levels, but useful levels of resistance were also detected in one Russian ‘C-160’ and two Spanish (‘C-300’ and ‘Mollerusa-7’) accessions. These resistant materials, together with other accessions previously described as resistant to F.o.m. races 0, 1, and/or 2 have been morphologically and molecularly characterized. Based on cluster analysis, these accessions have been grouped according to the botanical subspecies they belong to. Assessment of genetic diversity indicated that the resistant accessions to races 0, 1 and 2, are scattered along the established clusters. On the other hand, high levels of resistance to the race 1,2 could be found only among accessions belonging to Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis, nevertheless, a certain degree of resistance to this race could also be found within some accessions belonging to subsp. melo. As far as we know, this is the first report of resistance to F.o.m race 1,2 found out from the Far-Eastern melon material. Based on fruits characteristics, it appears that several inodurus and cantalupensis accessions could be exploited in breeding programs as resistance sources to F.o.m races 0, 1 and/or 2 for the improvement of these melon types. The accessions with the highest levels of resistance to the race 1,2 appeared to be very distant both molecularly and morphologically from the commercial types. Nevertheless ‘C-160’, ‘C-300’, and ‘Mollerusa-7’ classified as var. inodorus are morphologically very similar to the Spanish commercial types and might be used as resistant sources in breeding these melon types.  相似文献   

8.
F. Marthe    P. Scholze    R. Kramer    E. Proll  K. Hammer  G. Wricke 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):248-255
Resistance tests of 127 parsley accessions (Petroselinum crispum) were carried out during 2 years of field investigations involving natural infection for black leaf spot (Alternaria radicina), mildew (Erysiphe heraclei), leaf chlorosis (Fusarium oxysporum) and viruses, particularly celery mosaic virus (CeMV). In this first extensive evaluation of parsley for all tested pathogens accessions were found to be free of symptoms. Varieties of vars. crispum and tuberosum contained more accessions weakly infected or immune to black leaf spot than vars. vulgare and neapolitanicum. In a separate test five var. crispum accessions showed significantly reduced disease ratings, indicating their potential as sources of resistance. Mildew attacked almost the same number of accessions in both years: 29 accessions of var. crispum showed no symptoms, but 16 of the var. tuberosum accessions were highly susceptible. Whereas in the var. vulgare one half of the introductions were moderately or strongly infected by viruses, mainly CeMV, a high number of plants remained uninfected in the vars. crispum, neapolitanicum and tuberosum. In the case of F. oxysporum, the greatest amount of infection was in the var. crispum during both years. The sources of resistance described including multiple resistance would be of interest in future breeding programmes for resistance to the parsley pathogens discussed.  相似文献   

9.
A species level germplasm collection representing 76% of known taxa in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis was evaluated for resistance to two species of bruchid beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus. Seven taxa consisting of 29 accessions were found to be resistant to C. chinensis and 4 taxa consisting of 24 accessions were found to be resistant to C. maculatus. This compared with no resistant accessions being found in several hundred landrace accessions of mungbean, V. radiata var. radiata, in the same subgenus. Sometimes resistance was found in all accessions of a particular taxon, such as complete resistance to both C. chinensis and C. macualtus in V. umbellata. Other taxa showed intra taxon variation for resistance such as V. reflexo-pilosa andV. minima. The levels and patterns of resistance among taxa were diverse. The results suggest that various factors cause resistance to bruchid in the subgenus Ceratotropis. While the number of eggs laid on seeds generally reflected seed size, one small seeded cultivar of V. mungo var. mungo, black gram, had an unusually high number of eggs laid per seed. No correlation was found between seed size and levels of resistance. The species level germplasm collection, which reflects the core collection concept in trying to maximize genetic diversity in a limited number of accessions, has enabled a large number of potentially useful sources of resistance to bruchid beetles to be found efficiently. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

10.
Bacterial soft rot caused by Erwiniacarotovora subsp. carotovora is amajor disease in Zantedeschia spp.,particularly in cultivars from the sectionAestivae. The disease can partiallybe controlled by cultivation measures, so acombination with resistant cultivars couldeffectively protect the crop. However,resistant commercial Aestivaecultivars are not available yet. By meansof a recently developed non-destructiveresistance test, variation inaggressiveness was observed among fiveisolates of Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora without interactionsbetween the isolates and three Zantedeschia accessions. Within elevenaccessions of Z. aethiopica,variation was observed from almost completeto moderate resistance, while theZ. odorata accession was susceptible.All 21 Aestivae cultivars weresusceptible. Within the Aestivaespecies, Z. elliotiana and Z.pentlandii were also susceptible, butwithin twelve accessions of Z.albomaculata, as well as in six accessionsof Z. rehmannii, variation was foundfrom susceptible to moderately resistant.Hence, new sources of resistance wereidentified that show good potentials forresistance breeding.  相似文献   

11.
Bananas cultivated for export all belong to Cavendish cultivars and are all recognized as very susceptible to nematodes, particularly to the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis and the lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae. Even if there have been many changes in the management of banana nematodes in large commercial banana plantations, chemical control still remains most often the last resort method to manage the nematodes, although the number of registered products is definitely declining. Therefore, nematode control though genetic improvement is gaining new interest worldwide. In this study, 55 banana accessions mostly diploids from the Musa acuminata genome group (AA) but including some triploid accessions (AAA), some diploids of the Musa balbisiana genome group (BB) and some interspecific hybrids (AAB, AB) were evaluated for resistance to four nematode species R. similis, P. coffeae, Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. These experiments were conducted in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. All banana accessions were susceptible to nematode species, although many different levels of susceptibility were detected. This study confirmed the good resistance status to R. similis of some cultivars from the Pisang jari buaya and Pisang batuau subgroups and the partial resistance of 17 diploid accessions significantly different from the susceptible reference cv. Grande Naine. This study also showed that 12 diploid accessions exhibited a partial resistance to P. coffeae, including some usual or potential genitors belonging to the wild diploids subspecies burmannica (cvs. Long Tavoy 1 and 2) and burmannicoides (cv. Calcutta 4). No source of resistance to Meloidogyne spp. was found. These screening results, combining for the first time four nematode species, are discussed within the scope of banana breeding in order to produce parental diploid lines with single or combined nematode resistances and further develop triploids that can substitute existing susceptible commercial cultivars.  相似文献   

12.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was domesticated at some point of early history and now has no wild ancestors, so collections of accessions in genebanks are the only source of new genes for breeders. For growers of fresh herbs, coriander has proved to be the most problematic among popular herbs: it flowers early, flowering changes the taste of the rosette leaves and the leaves are also susceptible to sudden yellowing. In this paper we show that the use of vegetable genotypes from the subspecies microcarpum (Coriandrum sativum L. subsp. microcarpum DC.) can solve these problems. Accessions were obtained from the Genebank of the Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, Russia. These vegetable genotypes showed a remarkable plasticity of physiological characteristics (time of flower initiation, time of whole-rosette senescence and heat resistance), which ensured a prolonged harvesting window. The vegetable genotypes also showed increase in biomass, number of leaves in the basal rosette and leaf area compared to fruit genotypes. Thus, vegetable genotypes from subsp. microcarpum proved to be an invaluable source of genes for breeders. Our study also extended knowledge on the morphogenesis and ontogenesis of coriander. First, we found that production of leaves in the basal rosette occurs at the same rate in winter and in summer, so does not dependent on season, but can be interrupted by elongation of the flowering stem, which is season-dependent. Second, we found that the time of whole-rosette senescence (yellowing) is an individual characteristic of a genotype, but is promoted by season similar to the flowering-time. Finally, we showed that the whole-rosette senescence (yellowing) occurs independently of the development of flowering stem.  相似文献   

13.
Jens Weibull 《Euphytica》1994,78(1-2):97-101
Summary Accessions of Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley, were screened in field and glasshouse trials for resistance to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. A few selected lines were furthermore hybridized with a modern barley variety and the resulting populations evaluated. High levels of resistance were found among some of the spontaneum accessions resulting in lower aphid growth rates (maximum reduction 57%). Segregation patterns among siblings in F2 populations were continuous, indicating the presence of several genes with possibly additive effects. The usefulness of H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum for breeding aphid resistant barley is discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum s.l., is a host for the wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina. Some accessions have been reported to show a high degree of prehaustorial resistance. This is non-hypersensitivity resistance, which acts before the formation of haustoria by the pathogen. To assess the frequency of prehaustorial resistance 598 accessions of diploid wheat were inoculated with the wheat leaf rust isolate Felix. Most T. monococcum s.s. accessions (84%) were resistant whereas all T. urartu and all but three T. boeoticumaccessions were susceptible. Histological components analysis revealed that a high percentage of prehaustorial resistance to P. triticina was found in only three T. monococcum accessions. No haustoria were observed in such infection units confirming the prehaustorial nature of the resistance. Prehaustorial abortion of certain infection units in an accession always coincided with posthaustorial abortion of the other infection units. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
Between 580 and 700 accessions of related cultivated and wild species of the genus Beta were assessed for resistance to four soil-borne diseases of sugar beet: two seedling damping-off diseases caused by the fungi Aphanomyces cochlioides and Pythium ultimum and two diseases of more mature plants, Rhizoctonia root and crown rot, caused by the fungus R. solani, and Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), a furovirus transmitted by the plasmodiophorid Polymyxa betae. Analysis of resistance data (assessed on an international standardised 1–9 scale of Resistance Scores) indicated that the highest levels of resistance ({RS} 2) to A. cochlioides and P. ultimum were to be found amongst accessions of the more distantly related sections Corollinae (93% of accessions tested) and Procumbentes (10%), respectively; although useful levels could also be found in the more closely related, and sexually compatible, section Beta (1–6%). Resistance to Rhizoctonia was also found in section Beta (5–7%), depending on whether field or glasshouse tests were used, but there was little evidence of generally high levels of resistance to Rhizomania among accessions of this section. None of the accessions of sections Corollinae and Procumbentes exhibited any notable resistance to Rhizoctonia. However, all sections Procumbentes and some sections Corollinae (4%) accessions were highly resistant to Rhizomania. Individuals with high levels of resistance to Rhizomania were identified from within some section Beta and Corollinae accessions, in which there was evidence of segregation.  相似文献   

16.
Mist-chamber, field, and detached leaf inoculation procedures identified plants resistant to bacterial soft rot [Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, (Ecc)] in Brassica rapa and related species. The mist-chamber seedling inoculation provided the best correlation of mean disease severity ratings with the field plant inoculation (r = 0.67**) and was used to identify resistant materials. The optimum mist-chamber incubation conditions to distinguish the resistance of accessions were 23 °C and 100% RH and were used for primary screening. A total of 752 accessions of B. rapa and related Cruciferae were screened. In general, accessions of B. oleracea were more resistant than accessions of B. rapa. Within B. rapa, subspecies pekinensis and chinensis were more susceptible than other subspecies. No completely resistant material was found. In species of B. rapa, only 7% of accessions showed some degree of resistance with plant-to-plant variation within the accessions. G30444, G30449, and AVRDC2837 were identified as the most resistant materials in B. rapa by both mist-chamber and field inoculations. The resistance was correlated between an USA isolate (Geneva-1) and two Chinese isolates (RL4-1 and RL-19) of Ecc. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
Summary A total of 125 novel accessions of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum baccatum L. were screened for sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb). A soil infestation method with 2000 microsclerotia of V. dahliae per gram of planting medium, and a soil temperature of 25±3°C, identified 27 Capsicum accessions with resistance to Verticillium wilt. P.I. 215699 (a mixture of Capsicum baccatum var. microcarpum and Capsicum annuum), P.I. 535616 (Capsicum annuum), and P.I. 555614 (Capsicum annuum), had the lowest disease severity and the highest percentage of resistant plants.  相似文献   

18.
Pea bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) has long been known to be present in pea growing areas of Spain and to cause serious crop losses, although there is no published record of its occurrence. A collection of 16 isolates from a winter pea trial in Valladolid in 1991 which were shown in this study to be P.s. pv. pisi races 4 and 6 would appear to be the first published record of the disease in Spain. This occurrence of races 4 and 6 is the same as reported for winter-sown peas in the South of France. Ten Pisum sativum landraces from different geographical areas of Spain and considered to be representative of the traditional pea crop, were tested for resistance to seven races of P.s. pv. pisi. Seedlings of each landrace were stem inoculated with the type strain of each race in a glasshouse. Resistance exhibited by the different landraces mainly conformed to those previously described in pea cultivars indicating various combinations of the main resistance genes: R3, R2+4, R3+4 and R2+3+4. R3 was the most frequent R gene, being present in all landraces. R4 was present in four and R2 in three of the landraces tested. Variation for resistance within landraces was limited except for landrace accessions ZP-0102, ZP-0109 and ZP-0137 which also showed variation for morphological traits. The resistance responses of landrace ZP-0109 were difficult to interpret, but suggested a genetic mixture with some evidence of less well documented R genes, R5 and/or R6, and possibly some unknown resistance to race 6. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Six accessions belonging to four subspecies of Brassica rapa, including three accessions of B. rapa subsp. sylvestris, were crossed with B. oleracea subsp. alboglabra in order to develop a series of synthetic B. napus lines with a common C genome but contrasting A genomes. Different A genomes had significant effects on the efficiency of B. napus resynthesis and the sexual compatibility of the synthetic lines with oilseed rape cultivars. The synthetic lines were used to investigate the effect of A genome substitution on the resistance of B. napus to infection by Leptosphaeria maculans, and to explore the potential for the use of wild forms of B. rapa in oilseed rape breeding programmes. Synthetic lines derived from two wild accessions of B. rapa, and their F1 hybrids with oilseed rape cultivars, expressed high levels of resistance to L. maculans in glasshouse experiments. One of these lines also expressed high levels of resistance in field experiments in England and Australia when exposed to a genetically diverse pathogen population. All other synthetic lines and cultivars were highly susceptible in both glasshouse and field experiments. F1 hybrids between oilseed rape cultivars and synthetic lines derived from B. rapa subsp. chinensis were significantly more susceptible than either parent.  相似文献   

20.
Summary A survey of allozyme polymorphism at 11 loci was carried out on 439 accessions from the genus Lens. This comprised 153 Lens culinaris subsp. orientalis, 35 L. odemensis, 117 L. ervoides, 32 L. nigricans, 2 of a differentiated cytotype of L. nigricans and 100 landrace accessions of the cultivated lentil (L. culinaris subsp. culinaris), from 10 different countries. The aim of the survey was to determine intra-specific genetic diversity and species relationships, based on phylogenetic and phenetic analyses, particularly regarding the position of L. odemensis and the differentiated cytotype of L. nigricans. Diversity was described by three statistics. The level of diversity in the cultivated taxon was lower than in any of the wild species according to two of these statistics, the percentage of polymorphic loci and mean number of alleles per locus. For the third measure (Nei's mean genetic diversity) it was only greater than L. ervoides. Genetic diversity statistics of the wild species indicated differences in the nature of between-population genetic diversity within the different taxa. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that L. odemensis and L. ervoides evolved from a common ancestor, and L. culinaris subsp. orientalis subsequently evolved from L. odemensis. Phenetic analysis, however, places L. odemensis closer to L. culinaris subsp. orientalis than to L. ervoides. Nei's mean genetic distance of L. odemensis from both L. culinaris subsp. culinaris (0.204) and L. culinaris subsp. orientalis (0.110) was greater than the distance between them (0.062). This evidence is not conclusive in determining whether L. odemensis should retain its specific status. Further crossability studies should be carried out on a range of genotypes to assess the potential for gene flow. The evidence presented shows the differentiated cytotype of L. nigricans to be quite distinct from other L. nigricans accessions, both phenetically and phylogenetically. This indicates that the differentiated cytotype of L. nigricans may constitute a new taxon. Discriminant function analysis reveals that isozymes may be useful in validating species classification.  相似文献   

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