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1.
狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆土壤水分和肥力的时空分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对内蒙古高原草原区、荒漠草原区和荒漠区狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla)不同发育阶段灌丛沙堆土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和水分的空间分布研究。结果发现:3种生境中,灌丛土壤水肥含量表现为:草原区荒漠草原区荒漠区。在草原区和荒漠草原区,狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆土壤全氮和全磷随土层加深(0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~40 cm)呈逐渐增加趋势,而速效磷和水分相反;草原区灌丛沙堆土壤有机质富集于0~10 cm土层,荒漠草原区富集于20~40 cm土层。在荒漠区,灌丛对水分和大部分养分(除速效磷)的层间分布影响不大,而20~40 cm土层的速效磷含量逐渐减少。3种生境中狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛内的养分含量均高于灌丛外相同土层,且随着灌丛增大,这种趋势越来越明显;在草原区,随着狭叶锦鸡儿冠幅增大,灌丛土壤水分含量呈显著下降趋势,在荒漠草原区和荒漠区,灌丛土壤水分含量随着灌幅增大而增加。这说明狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛改变了土壤水分和肥力的空间分布,这种效应是在灌丛沙堆的发育过程中逐渐形成,并体现出来的。 相似文献
2.
新疆和田河流域单株柽柳灌丛流场的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
柽柳是新疆和田河流域广泛分布的一种灌木,是影响柽柳灌丛沙堆发育的主要因素之一.依据风沙运动实验相似理论,以新疆和田河流域的柽柳灌丛为原型,用塑料制作成高(h)10 cm、冠幅10 cm×10 cm单株柽柳灌丛实验模型,在风洞中选用6,8,10,12 m/s和14 m/s5组不同风速,分别对单株柽柳灌丛模型作纯气流流场的模拟实验和在风沙流作用条件下单株柽柳灌丛周围沙粒蚀积特征的观测.模拟实验表明:在不同动力条件作用下,单株柽柳灌丛迎风侧的"足部"为一明显的气流减速区,但沙粒的蚀积特征表现为风蚀;在单株柽柳灌丛的上方一倍植株高度的范围内为气流加速区;在单株柽柳灌丛的背风侧顺风向为弱涡流区,表现为积沙、气流恢复区、风蚀;而在单株柽柳灌丛的两侧为气流的加速区,表现为强烈的风蚀;随着实验风速的增加,单株柽柳灌丛后涡流区内,积沙形成的沙条长短轴的长度经历了一个先减小后增大的变化过程;柽柳灌丛引发的风沙流流场结构的变化,干扰了风沙流的运行,对于维持柽柳灌丛沙堆的形态,促进柽柳灌丛沙堆的增长具有重要的作用. 相似文献
3.
为了解生物结皮中藻类植物与维管植物的关系,通过野外采样和室内固体培养法,研究了古尔班通古特沙漠中蛇麻黄和沙蒿灌丛对藻类分布的影响。结果表明：在两种灌丛内外,藻类种类组成主要表现在优势物种和优势度的变化。藻类物种多样性在两种灌丛内外有一定的差异,蛇麻黄灌丛内藻类物种数及多样性指数显著低于灌丛外（P＜0.05）,而沙蒿内藻类物种数显著高于灌丛外,多样性指数无明显差异。在群落结构中,蛇麻黄灌丛内蓝藻和丝状藻类物种数及优势度显著低于灌丛外（P＜0.05）,但单细胞和球形种类的优势度变化趋势相反且变化极显著（P＜0.01）。沙蒿灌丛内蓝藻、单细胞和球形种类的物种数显著高于灌丛外;蓝藻和丝状藻类的优势度由灌丛内至灌丛外显著升高（P＜0.01）,而绿藻、单细胞和球形种类则相反。在两种灌丛内外,藻类不同类群优势度的变化主要由一些关键物种引起,藻类在这两种灌丛中的不同分布特征可能是由于调节机制不同所致。 相似文献
4.
2012年7-9月中旬,以科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌从为对象,研究了其不同部位的穿透雨特征。结果表明:试验期间的总降雨量为105.99mm,其中,12.5%的降雨事件2mm,50%的降雨事件5mm。穿透雨量占同期降雨量的76.80%。小于1 mm的降雨对于灌丛下土壤不能产生补给,全部降水都被灌丛截留进而蒸发,对灌丛下土壤属于无效降水。穿透率最大值、最小值分别为85.67%、56.87%。穿透雨量与降水量之间的关系可用线性公式较好的表达(P0.01,R2=0.73)。穿透率随降雨量、降雨强度的增大而增加,两者呈显著的对数关系(P0.01)。在灌丛不同部位,穿透雨量大小表现为"冠幅边缘1/2冠幅灌丛基部"的特征,穿透雨量随降雨量增加而增大的趋势显现出冠幅边缘处快于1/2冠幅和灌丛基部处,1/2冠幅处快于灌丛基部。 相似文献
5.
绿洲-沙漠过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆形态特征及空间分布格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带为研究区域,分析位于过渡带内侧、中部及外围的柽柳灌丛沙堆的形态特征、形态参数间关系、大尺度内空间分布格局以及相应的变化规律。结果表明：① 柽柳沙堆的典型形态呈凸起半椭球状,上部被柽柳灌丛覆盖,沙堆高0.27～3.21 m,体积0.30~291.63 m3,树冠面积2.39～128.76 m2。过渡带由内向外单体沙堆及灌丛尺度显著增加,且沙堆外形向着沿风向拉长的不对称蝌蚪状发展。② 柽柳灌丛沙堆各形态参数间存在良好的相关性,其中沙堆长度与宽度、底面积与高度间的显著回归关系会随过渡带由内向外逐渐由线性关系变为二次函数;柽柳树冠面积与沙堆体积间呈显著线性关系,其斜率会随过渡带由内向外逐渐增加。③ 柽柳沙堆分布密度沿过渡带由内向外逐渐降低,且空间格局类型会在100~250 m较大尺度范围上从聚集转向随机,整体聚集强度增加,而聚集强度峰值所在尺度和聚集规模则逐渐缩小。目前,该区域柽柳沙堆整体处于增长阶段,且可判定沙堆的产生是由土地退化引起的,其中过渡带外侧现处于快速退化时期。 相似文献
6.
为探究荒漠灌丛及其伴生种对灌丛下土壤粒径、养分空间异质性的影响，以西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区内沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）-霸王（Sarcozygium xanthoxylon）混生群落、单株沙冬青为研究对象，以周围无植被覆盖的裸沙地为对照（CK），对比分析不同灌丛分布类型下土壤粒度特征、养分积累变化及养分与粒度组成的作用关系。结果表明：（1）单株沙冬青土壤黏粒、粉粒、细砂的体积百分含量较沙冬青-霸王分别增加0.8%、0.8%、0.71%。随灌丛种类减少，土壤粒径依次变细，分选性变差，分形维数变小，土壤颗粒分布逐渐不对称，颗粒组成向细粒物质集中。（2）土壤有机质、碱解氮含量随灌丛种类的增多分别增加了1.85 g·kg-1、8.18 mg·kg-1。单株沙冬青对有机质、速效磷的富集作用较沙冬青-霸王更强，对碱解氮的积累效果较沙冬青-霸王稍差。（3）沙冬青-霸王土壤速效磷含量与细砂含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05），沙冬青土壤碱解氮、速效钾与粗砂呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。沙冬青-霸王、沙冬青可有效促进土壤颗粒细粒化、显著改善土壤养分，但伴生种霸... 相似文献
7.
以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带为研究区,在区域内确定了一个100 m×500 m的骆驼刺-花花柴-柽柳植物群落样地,随机选择了67株疏叶骆驼刺和67株花花柴植株,对每株植物及其沙堆形态参数进行测量,对比分析两个建群种草本植物形态和沙堆形态特征及其相互关系与植物的阻沙能力。结果表明：两种灌草丛植物地面植株平均高度和沙堆的平均高度均相近,但骆驼刺灌丛的平均冠幅面积和冠幅体积,分别是花花柴灌丛的近1.8倍;灌丛沙堆的平均底面积和体积,分别是花花柴沙堆的近1.7倍和2.0倍。骆驼刺灌丛沙堆形态参数间的相关性明显高于花花柴沙堆,骆驼刺灌丛沙堆的底面积及体积的增长幅度较花花柴大。总体而言,骆驼刺灌丛具有更强的空间占有能力,对地表的防护作用面积大,植物个体阻沙能力强。但在两种植物生长的早期阶段,花花柴则显示出较强的阻沙性能,说明不同生长阶段两种植物的阻沙能力大小存在差异。 相似文献
8.
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘肖塘陆—气相互作用观测站2014年7—12月的陆面通量数据,通过最小二乘法（OLS）和能量平衡比率法（EBR）研究该地区能量平衡闭合特征。结果表明：能量通量各分量均呈倒＂U＂形单峰变化趋势,除潜热通量外,均有明显的季节变化特征,表现为：夏季〉秋季〉冬季。能量平衡闭合程度：全天〉白天〉夜间,且具有逐月递减的变化趋势。地表以下5 cm处土壤热通量下的能量闭合程度明显高于地表土壤热通量下的能量闭合程度。能量闭合率在日出日落时段波动剧烈,夜间为负,且下午明显高于上午。不同天气下的能量闭合程度表现为：晴天〉阴天〉沙尘暴〉降雨。 相似文献
9.
以科尔沁沙地半固定沙丘不同冠幅的黄柳为对象,利用Diviner2000对降雨后(65.9mm)灌丛内外土壤水分动态进行监测。结果表明:降雨后0.5d内,灌丛内外0-90cm的土壤含水量均明显增加,降雨在灌丛基部的入渗深度(110cm)大于中部(90cm)和外部(100cm);灌丛中部0-20cm和0-80cm储水量在0.5d-15.5d内的变化速率分别为0.88mm.d-1和2.64mm.d-1,分别低于灌丛外部的0.90mm.d-1和2.88mm.d-1,说明灌丛中部土壤具有较强的保水能力。降雨后7.5d时,灌丛基部储水量增加(12.20mm)显著高于中部(8.79mm)和外部(7.29mm)(P<0.05)。随着灌丛冠幅的增加,灌丛下0-80cm土壤截留降雨能力和保水能力有逐渐增强的趋势,而降雨的入渗能力逐渐减弱。 相似文献
10.
以内蒙古荒漠区短脚锦鸡儿灌木为研究对象,采用野外调查法分析灌丛对植物群落的影响,采用传统培养法,结合分子鉴定法分析灌丛对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)灌丛内植物群落多度和总生物量显著大于灌丛外,但是物种丰度和Shannon-Wiener指数灌丛内外无显著差异;(2)随土壤深度的增加,表层土与深层土的土壤可培养细菌丰度和真菌多度差异不显著,其余土壤微生物群落多样性特征均表现为:表层土显著大于深层土;(3)灌丛对土壤微生物群落具有正效应,且表层土正效应最大;(4)灌丛对植物群落的促进作用大于对土壤微生物群落的作用。 相似文献
11.
Wenju Liang Yocheved Pinhasi-Adiv Hagit Shtultz Yosef Steinberger 《Arid Land Research and Management》2013,27(2):183-192
The effects of soil conditions on nematode populations were investigated in a field study at the Avdat Research Farm, Israel. Soil samples from the upper soil layer (0-10 cm) were collected monthly during November 1997 and October 1998, under the canopy of three halophyte shrubs: Zygophyllum dumousum, Hammadetum scopariae and Reaumuria negevensis. Ecological indices such as fungivore to bac terivore ratio (F/B), ratio of fungivores and bacterivores to plant parasites (WI), trophic diversity (TD) and Shannon index (H') were used to assess and compare the response of nematode populations to the soil conditions. The mean numbers of total nematodes during January 1998 April 1998 were less under Z. dumosum than under H. scoparia, and those of total nematodes during April 1998 October 1998 were higher under R. negevensis than under the control soil. Bacterivores under the three shrubs were the most abundant trophic group. Significant differences were found between months and between treatments for total nematodes, bacterivores and plant parasites. The content of K + exhibited a positive correlation with total nematodes, bacterivores, plant parasites and omnivores-predators, and that of Ca 2+ presented a negative correlation with bacterivores. F/B, WI, TD, and H' were effetive in distinguishing differences in nematode populations during the study period. 相似文献
12.
The reaction of six Musa genotypes to root-parasitic nematodes was evaluated under field conditions, together with the horizontal, and vertical distributions of the neomatodes within the soil profile. The numbers of Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp. and of all nematodes in the excavated soil quadrant varied with Musa genotype. All genotypes were very susceptible to at least one nematode. Yangambi km5, Pisang Jari Buaya and FHIA-23 supported the lowest number of R. similis and Pisang Jari Buaya, the lowest number of Helicotylenchus spp. These three cultivars supported high numbers of Meloidogyne spp. Furthermore, FHIA-23 supported high numbers of Helicotylenchus spp. The horizontal and vertical distributions of R. similis in the root system of Valery, Gros Michel and FHIA-18 were very similar. By constrast, the distributions of Helicotylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp. and the number of all nematodes varied slightly among the genotypes. Because Musa genotypes susceptible to a particular nematode showed a similar horizontal and vertical nematode distribution with populations concentrated in the vicinity of the plant base (0–30 cm horizontal distance and 30 cm depth), sampling at this site would be sufficient for the identification of the Musa plant reaction. 相似文献
13.
玉米矮化病株及其根际土壤内线虫的分离与分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探究玉米矮化病的病原,采用Ludox TM悬浮法对从吉林和辽宁采集的玉米矮化病株及其根际土壤和健康株根际土壤分离的线虫进行了鉴定和种群比较,并对矮化病株茎基组织PCR产物进行测序分析。结果表明:玉米健康株根际土壤分离出29属线虫,特有线虫是角咽线虫属Actinolaimus和木盾移线虫属Peltamigratus,矮化玉米病株根际土壤分离出28属线虫,特有线虫为锥线虫属Dolichorus,二者相同的线虫属有27个。矮化玉米病株根际土壤中植物线虫种类和数量明显比健康株根际土壤中高,线虫种群数量差异明显的主要是矮化线虫属Tylenchorhynchus、短体线虫属Pratylenchus和刺线虫属Belonolaimus,病株根际土壤中这3个属线虫总数约占病株土壤分离线虫总数的20.23%、11.27%和10.40%。玉米矮化病株茎基组织中短体线虫属和矮化线虫属数量占优势,2个属的线虫数量分别占测序总数的22%、14%(吉林长岭)和16%、20%(辽宁黑山)。表明玉米矮化病的发生与植物线虫相关,很可能是多种线虫共同引起的病害。 相似文献
14.
为探索一种准确测定土壤根结线虫种群数量的方法,采用NaOCl消解附着在土壤病残体上的根结线虫卵囊与线虫常规离心技术相结合的方法,测试了不同NaOCl浓度、离心时间对根结线虫回收效率的影响,筛选出最佳测定条件,并与浅盘法、离心法、Byrd法等线虫常规分离方法进行了比较。结果表明,在9个NaOCl处理浓度中,1.0%~2.5%NaOCl处理对土壤根结线虫的回收效率显著高于3.0%NaOCl处理,达到71.6%~99.4%。在1.0%、1.5%、2.0%和2.5%NaOCl处理30 s后,分别离心2~5、2~3、2~3 min和2 min对根结线虫的回收效率明显高于其它时间处理,在每50 m L土壤平均接种976粒线虫卵的人工病土中,上述处理分离线虫数量分别达到804.3~930.0、810.7~838.7、843.7~867.0和820.7。本研究的改良方法对自然病土中根结线虫的分离数量分别是浅盘法、离心法和Byrd法的29.3、13.4和2.1倍,显著提高了土壤中根结线虫的分离效率,可准确测定土壤根结线虫种群的数量。 相似文献
15.
Effects of Potato-cyst Nematodes (Globodera pallida) and Soil pH on Root Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Crop Growth of Potato 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F.J. De Ruijter A.J. Haverkort 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(1):61-76
Potato-cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida) cause severe yield losses in potato. Plants infected with potato-cyst nematodes generally have reduced concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the foliage. This study investigated whether reduced growth of nematode-infected potato is caused by nutrient limitation.Experiments in the field and in containers showed that phosphorus concentration correlated best with total crop biomass at early stages of growth. The role of phosphorus in nematode damage was further investigated in the field and in the Wageningen Rhizolab. The experimental field was infested with potato-cyst nematodes and two levels of nematode density were established by fumigation with a nematicide. Prior applications of calcium carbonate resulted in pHKCl levels of 4.8 and 6.1. Two levels of phosphorus fertiliser were applied: either 0 or 225kgPha–1. In the Wageningen Rhizolab, soil of both pH levels from the field was used after treatment with 1MRad gamma irradiation to kill the nematodes. Subsequently, half of the soil was inoculated with cysts to give a nematode density of 30 viable juveniles per gram of soil.In the field, nine weeks after planting, the total crop biomass ranged from 107gm–2 for the treatment with nematodes at pHKCl 6.1 without phosphorus fertiliser to 289gm–2 for the fumigated treatment at pHKCl 4.8 with phosphorus fertiliser. The differences in total biomass for the various treatments were explained by differences in foliar phosphorus concentration. Nematodes induced or aggravated P deficiency and reduced total biomass. This was not the only damage mechanism as at high, non-limiting levels of foliar phosphorus concentration, nematodes still reduced total biomass.In the Wageningen Rhizolab, directly after planting, the number of roots visible against minirhizotrons was reduced by nematodes. However, the increase of root number in the nematode treatment continued longer than in the control, until root number was higher than that of the control. The compensary root growth of the nematode treatment was restricted to the top 30cm and nematodes reduced rooting depth.High soil pH reduced growth, mainly by reducing the availability of phosphate. Both nematodes and high soil pH reduced nutrient uptake per unit root length. Our results lead us to suggest an interaction between nematodes and soil pH, with nematode damage being higher at pHKCl 6.1 than at pHKCl 4.8. 相似文献
16.
大豆胞囊线虫Heterodera glycinesIchinohe病害是大豆生产中的毁灭性病害,对世界大豆生产造成重大损失。采用根染色法和常规土壤线虫分类鉴定技术研究了连作和轮作两种耕作方式下大豆胞囊线虫群体数量和土壤线虫群落结构的变化。结果表明,连作使大豆田土壤中胞囊和根系上各龄期胞囊线虫数量显著增加(95.6→335.5),而轮作积累很少(10.3→31.8),感病品种中J2的侵入数量决定了大豆胞囊线虫形成胞囊的数量(22.8→95.6,129.4→335.5)。玉米-玉米-大豆的轮作方式使胞囊积累最少(10.3)。轮作大豆田土壤线虫总数高于连作,主要由于轮作大豆田土壤线虫的优势属Helicotylenchus和优势营养类群植物寄生线虫PP的相对丰度高于连作,但大豆胞囊线虫的相对丰度正相反,连作(33.65%)高于轮作(0.91%),说明Heterodera glycines可以作为土壤线虫的关键属种用以指示土壤发病的严重程度。研究中重要的优势属和关键属种cp值均为3,说明其繁殖和抗干扰能力比较强。研究证明土壤线虫优势营养类群、优势属种和关键属种可以有效地指示农业土壤健康状况和大豆田的大豆胞囊线虫病害的发生程度。 相似文献
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Prevalence and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in Northern Ireland grassland and cereals,and the influence of soils and rainfall 
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下载免费PDF全文 The prevalence and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in Northern Ireland cereal and grassland was determined from 191 agricultural fields. A total of 18 nematode genera were detected, including economically important pests, Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp. and Pratylenchus spp., each of which were above economic damage thresholds in a significant proportion of the sites (92.4%, 70% and 28.6%, respectively). The detection of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor (6% prevalence), was significant given its recent emergence across the turf grass sector and the prospect of M. minor becoming a common agricultural pest. Analyses of nematode prevalence and abundance highlighted significant associations with grass and cereals, soil types, soil grade (proxy for soil quality) and rainfall levels. Specifically, nematode populations varied between the two major soils (brown earths and gleys), while significant trends for increased nematode diversity and greater prevalence of both Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus with increasing rainfall were also observed. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine interactive effects and the relative importance of the factors affecting nematode populations. Notably, rainfall, in combination with either crop type or soil grade, had a significant effect on nematode abundance and diversity. The findings suggest significant changes in nematode populations have occurred over the last several decades and the possibility that these are linked to changing climate and cropping practices are discussed, as well as future concerns for plant parasitic nematode management. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of nematodes and soil-borne fungi fromAmmophila arenaria (Marram grass) in Dutch coastal foredunes by multivariate techniques 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
P. C. E. M. de Rooij-van der Goes W. H. van der Putten C. van Dijk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(2):149-162
A survey was carried out at nine locations in the Dutch coastal foredunes to identify the species of soil borne fungi and nematodes associated withAmmophila arenaria (Marram grass).Ammophila arenaria is a sand binding grass that is very important for the stabilization of coastal foredunes. Degeneration of the plants occurs at stabilized sites and is supposed to be caused by a combination of soil-borne fungi and nematodes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) were used to examine which fungal and nematode species usually coexist in the rhizosphere of vigorous and early declining stands ofA. arenaria. In total, 47 species of fungi and 10 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were found. According to CCA, the community of soil organisms of stands that were more than 10 years old was significantly different from recently established stands of 3 years old. Also, the community of soil organisms isolated from calcareous locations differed significantly from that of lime-poor locations. No relationship between the vigour of the plants (vigorous vs. early declining) and the soil borne species composition was found, although in roots of vigorous stands, the number of nematodes was higher than that of early declining stands. A relatively large group of soil organisms occurred generally. This group possibly contains an ubiquitous pathocomplex that cause the growth reducing effects of biotic origin which generally occur inA. arenaria. Analysis of this group of nematodes and fungi by TWINSPAN resulted in 9 different combinations of concurring soil organisms of which 5 combinations were present at all investigated locations. Two of the latter combinations contained both nematodes and fungi. The first contained three endoparasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne maritima, Heterodera spp. andPratylenchus sp.) that concurred with the fungusMucor hiemalis. The second group containedHeterodera spp.,Telotylenchus ventralis, Filenchus sp. together with the potentially plant-pathogenic fungiMicrodochium bolleyi and Fusarium culmorum, as well as the fungiMortierella sp. andTrichoderma harzianum, all in relatively high numbers.It is concluded that both CCA and TWINSPAN are valuable exploratory techniques, especially when used in combination, to detect possible combinations of soil organisms which may be involved in the degeneration ofA. arenaria. Further identifications of harmful organisms should be obtained from experiments. 相似文献
19.
Evaluation of chemical and integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide for the control of root-knot nematodes in Greece 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Current environmental awareness has led to a greater demand for alternative nematode control strategies. Three field experiments were established to compare management tactics on cucumber in commercial greenhouses naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). Cucumber rootstocks which have shown resistance to soil-borne diseases were tested to reveal any resistance/tolerance to root-knot nematodes, and integration of these rootstocks with nematicides was investigated. Metham-sodium and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) provided good control of nematode populations when their application was followed by the application of a non-fumigant nematicide such as cadusafos or oxamyl. Neither fumigant could provide season-long control of nematode populations, and a further application of cadusafos was required for satisfactory control. The efficacy of metham-sodium was significantly increased when injected into soil in comparison with its application through the drip irrigation system. The use of rootstocks resistant to soil-borne fungal pathogens used together with chemical means of nematode control provided promising results for their further use in integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide. However, the latter was the superior treatment for the control of root-knot nematodes in soil infested with residues of galled roots. Dazomet, metham-sodium nor the non-fumigant nematicides oxamyl and fenamiphos could reduce nematode population as efficiently as methyl bromide. None of the chemicals tested except methyl bromide could enter galled roots and kill surviving nematodes. 相似文献
20.
BACKGROUND: Fluensulfone, a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl group, has proved to be very effective in controlling root‐knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., by soil application. The systemic activity of this compound against M. incognita on peppers via soil drenching and foliar spray was evaluated. RESULTS: Root application of fluensulfone via soil drenching showed slight and no nematode control activity when applied 4 and 10 days, respectively, after inoculation. A single foliar spray of peppers with a fluensulfone solution at 3.0 g L?1 prior to inoculation reduced the galling index by 80% and the number of nematode eggs by 73–82% of controls. The reduction in these parameters by fluensulfone was much higher than that obtained with oxamyl or fenamiphos at the same concentration. This activity was also observed when the plants were sprayed 21 days before inoculation. A series of experiments suggested that foliar spray with fluensulfone prior to inoculation reduces nematode invasion. However, foliar spray after inoculation did not inhibit nematode development inside roots. CONCLUSION: Fluensulfone showed relatively high nematode control activity when sprayed on the foliage before inoculation. Fluensulfone may be used as a foliar application, in addition to soil application, for root‐knot nematode control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献