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家蚕丝素蛋白是一种天然的高分子,具有生物相容性、可降解性和可塑性,在医药学领域有巨大应用前景.以丝素蛋白为材料构建的微载体药物递送系统能够有效运输药物至疾病部位,控制药物的释放行为,提高药物的治疗效率.本文介绍了药物载体递送系统概况,对丝素蛋白的结构、性能,丝素蛋白微载体药物递送系统形式,所装载药物分类及其在动物水平上的疾病治疗研究进行阐述,并对丝素蛋白微载体的现存问题和发展前景进行分析,为进一步开发丝素蛋白药物递送系统提供参考依据. 相似文献
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为评价复方中药软膏剂中不同浓度的透皮剂药物氮酮对马属动物的透皮效果,首先利用中药复方水提醇沉浓缩液制备中药软膏剂,然后在软膏剂中分别加入2%、4%、5.5%、7%的透皮剂药物氮酮,以软膏剂中的淫羊藿苷成分作为标记物,利用酶标仪法测定经智能药物透皮仪处理后的马皮肤透过液中的标记物含量。结果表明,在中药软膏剂中加入5.5%的氮酮作为促渗剂,所获得的药物渗透效果最佳。该研究为马属动物中药软膏剂中透皮剂药物的选择提供了理论依据,也为复方中药透皮给药系统的研究提供了更为安全、有效、稳定的给药途径。 相似文献
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随着药物及疫苗的发展,新型传递系统的应用和研究日益受到关注。细胞渗透蛋白或肽(CPPs)作为一种传递系统,能够穿过哺乳动物细胞膜的能力,且不受受体和能量的约束。细胞渗透肽已经成功地携带荧光标记蛋白、多肽、DNA、螯合剂、脂质体、反义核酸等物质,实现体内外的跨膜递送,并可导入几乎所有的细胞和组织。本综述对细胞渗透肽的种类和在动物医学方面的应用做了简要的概述,以此促进细胞渗透肽将来能在动物医学方面有更广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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随着疫苗及药物的发展,新型传递系统的研究和应用日益受到关注。细胞渗透蛋白或肽(CPPs)作为一种传递系统,具有穿过哺乳动物细胞膜的能力,且不受能量和受体的约束。细胞渗透肽已经成功地携带多肽、荧光标记蛋白、螯合剂、DNA、反义核酸、脂质体等物质,实现体内外的跨膜递送,并可导入几乎所有的组织和细胞内。细胞渗透肽作为转运载体在药物传递、治疗性分子转运和疫苗增效方面都显示了重要价值,已成为国内外相关研究的一个热点。论文对细胞渗透肽的种类和在动物医学方面的应用做了综合性的概述,以此促进细胞渗透肽能在将来的动物医学方面有更广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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1透皮吸收剂透皮吸收是使抗寄生虫药物通过皮肤或黏膜吸收，进人血液循环，再分布到宿主全身与寄生虫接触。皮肤本身能吸收少量药物，但一般达不到驱杀体内和体外其他部位寄生虫的作用。透皮吸收剂系加入促进药物渗透吸收的促进剂而使药物能够较多被皮肤吸收而转入血液中。渗透促进剂有氮酮、二甲亚 相似文献
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近年来,金属有机框架(MOFs)因其比表面积大、孔隙率高和易于修饰等特征,在生物医学领域已成为一种极具潜力的药物递送载体。本文简述了ZIF-8、MIL-100(Fe)和Cu-MOF三种代表性MOFs在药物靶向递送和释放机制方面的研究进展,其通过受体/配体识别、高渗透长滞留效应或外源性条件实现药物的靶向递送,再经组织特性响应(pH响应、氧化还原响应、配位竞争响应和核酸帽锁响应等)、外源条件响应(光、热、超声波等)或多重响应联合实现药物释放,并总结了MOFs在载药和释放方面所面临的挑战和局限性,旨在为MOFs作为药物靶向递送载体的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(polylactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA)是由单体乳酸和羟基乙酸构成的具有良好的可降解性和生物相容性的高分子聚合物，其作为新型载体和传递系统被广泛应用于生物学和医药学等领域。PLGA具有抗原展示和抗原包裹的功能，能保护包裹包括生物活性化合物(如蛋白质和多肽)、核酸及免疫调节分子在内的一系列物质，免受蛋白酶介导的黏膜表面降解，还能使药物或抗原缓慢释放，以减少免疫和用药次数，在肠道疾病治疗上有巨大的应用潜力。此外，还可将药物或抗原偶联到PLGA纳米粒表面起到抗原展示的作用，在疫苗研发和药物制备方面表现出优异特性。PLGA还可作为佐剂，增强疫苗的免疫保护效果。PLGA的表面修饰功能可用于药物的靶向递送，靶向递送治疗分子到身体的特定部位，既可减少不良副作用，同时还可提高局部原料药的浓度来提高药物疗效，是生物医学研究的一个活跃领域。PLGA纳米粒可单独或联合装载不同类型的药物，免疫原性小，且易于通过受控的化学合成进行调节，因此，PLGA作为生物医学领域应用潜力巨大的非病毒基因传递系统和药物传递平台，广泛用于疫苗制备和药物研发等领域。笔者重点综述了PLG... 相似文献
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传统的给药方式主要包括注射和口服。与注射相比，口服给药途径在安全性和制造成本方面都具有更大的优势。但由于各种生理障碍严重影响了某些口服药物的利用率，因此口服给药的应用仍具有较大的挑战性。近年来，已有不少递送系统开始应用于口服药物的递送，其中一些新型的药物递送系统已被证明可以有效地保护药物免受胃肠道环境的影响，通过降低药物在体内的释放速率或实现药物靶向释放等方式提高药物的治疗效果，并且可以降低药物毒性。论文概述了近年来流行的新型药物递送系统，旨在为更多的难溶性口服药物新型制剂的开发和利用提供新思路。 相似文献
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Reed F Burrow R Poels KL Godderis L Veulemans HA Mosing M 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(4):407-412
Objective To investigate whether the method used to attach matrix‐type fentanyl patches influences the degree of skin attachment and the amount of active drug remaining in patches after use. Study design Prospective, randomised clinical study. Study population Fifteen adult dogs of mixed breeds. Methods Two equally sized matrix‐type fentanyl patches were attached to the dorsal third of the lateral thorax of fifteen dogs for 72 hours. The two patches were attached using different techniques: Method AD used an adhesive dressing in combination with a transparent film. Method TG used tissue adhesive applied to the edges of the patch. After 72 hours the patches were removed and the proportion of the patch attached at this time calculated. The residual content of the patches was analysed using a validated gas chromatography–mass spectrometery (GC–MS) analysis technique. Results After 72 hours of continuous attachment, the mean proportion of drug uptake for method AD was 17.2 (SD ± 11.1)% and for method TG this was 16.9 (SD ± 7.3)%. The median proportion of attachment for method AD was 100% and for method TG was 95.6%. Conclusions The method of attachment did not significantly influence the uptake of fentanyl from matrix‐type patches. The method of attachment resulted in a significant difference in the proportion of the patch attached 72 hours after placement, with method AD resulting in a greater median proportion of attachment than TG. Clinical relevance The method used to attach matrix‐type fentanyl patches to dogs should not interfere with drug uptake. The residual fentanyl content remaining in these patches after 72 hours of continuous application is significant and could lead to intoxication if ingested by humans. 相似文献
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为奶牛乳房炎的治疗提供了一种新型高效的透皮给药制剂,并考察其体外透皮给药的行为特点。采用薄膜分散法制备黄藤素柔性纳米脂质体(PFL),高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)测定包封率,透射电镜(TEM)观察PFL的结构、激光粒度仪(LPSA)测定PFL的粒径和表面Zeta电位;然后将PFL制备成水凝胶贴剂(PFL-HP),并采用立式双室扩散池考察PFL-HP体外透皮给药的行为特点,并同药物水凝胶贴剂(P-HP)与加入5%氮酮的水凝胶贴剂(P-A-HP)进行对照。结果表明,PFL对黄藤素的包封率为(79±2.23)%,PFL为圆球形层状囊泡结构,粒径为(190±24)nm,Zeta电位为(-54±2.65)m V;PFL-HP膏体柔软、膏面平整光洁,黏附性良好可48 h黏附于奶牛乳房而不脱落;24 h时,PFL-HP的药物累积透过量是P-HP与P-A-HP的2.12倍(t-test,P0.05)与1.13倍(t-test,P0.05),同时,PFL-HP组中药物在皮肤组织的滞留量(即"储库效应")也高于P-HP与P-A-HP(t-test,P0.05)。黄藤素柔性纳米脂质体水凝胶贴剂(PFL-HP)药物透皮吸收效率高、黏附性良好、使用方便,奶牛对其具有良好的依从性。PFL-HP可作为治疗奶牛乳房炎的一种新型高效透皮给药制剂。 相似文献
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透皮给药后吡喹酮在小鼠体内组织分布及药代动力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的研究透皮给药后吡喹酮在小鼠体内的组织分布及药代动力学。方法用200mg/mL吡喹酮透皮剂涂擦小鼠腹部后,采用高效液相色谱法检测各时间点小鼠器官(肝、心脏、脾和肾)的吡喹酮浓度,分析其在各器官药代谢动力学特点。结果透皮给药后吡喹酮在小鼠肝脏分布浓度最高,脾和肾次之,心脏的浓度最低。吡喹酮在小鼠肝脏、脾和肾脏c-t曲线,各出现两个峰值,第一个峰值4min,Cmax分别为31.78μg/mL和7.87μg/mL,第二个峰值15min,Cmax分别为27μg/mL,11.1μg/mL。小鼠心脏的c-t曲线,有一个峰值3min,Cmax3.91μg/mL。结论吡喹酮透皮给药后,在小鼠肝脏分布浓度高,达到了临床治疗的要求。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the ability of a vaccine formulation combining choleratoxin with an experimental antigen to induce a systemic antibody response when applied topically on unbroken skin of sheep. DESIGN: Seven treatment groups of five adult sheep received systemic or topical priming followed 4 weeks later by systemic or topical boosting with choleratoxin and/or bovine serum albumin. Topical vaccines were administered to clipped skin on the ventral abdomen for 2 h. Booster immunisations were repeated 8 weeks after initial boosting. Serum antibody titres to choleratoxin and bovine serum albumin were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: An antibody response to choleratoxin was observed in serum, but no antibody response to bovine serum albumin was detected. CONCLUSION: Transdermal delivery may be feasible for livestock vaccines, however, further work is necessary to develop formulations that induce protective immunity by this route. 相似文献
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洛美沙星（Lomefloxacin）透皮吸收搽剂中氮酮的最佳浓度 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用洛美沙星搽剂作为模型药物，采用离体鼠皮，研究了氮酮（Azone)在0%，1%，3%，5%，7%浓度时对洛美沙星透皮吸收的影响。试验结果表明，氮酮在洛美沙星透皮吸收搽剂中最佳浓度为4.01%。 相似文献
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Eberspächer E Stanley SD Rezende M Steffey EP 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(3):249-255
ObjectiveTo characterize the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and the tolerance of foals to the drug following a single application of a commercially available transdermal system (TS).Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsSix (two male, four female) foals aged 4–8 days, weighing 56–74 kg.MethodsAfter placement of a jugular sampling catheter, one fentanyl TS (FTS) containing 10.2 mg fentanyl, released at 100 μg hour−1, was applied for 72 hours. Blood samples were withdrawn over the course of 90 hours for fentanyl plasma analysis. Before and after the study, weight, complete blood count and blood chemistry values were obtained. During the study, tolerance and safety were monitored by physical examination and assessment of behavior.ResultsFentanyl was detected as early as 20 minutes after FTS placement. Peak plasma concentrations were variable (0.1–28.7 ng mL−1), were reached after 14.3 ± 7.6 hours (mean ± SD), and returned to baseline concentrations 12 hours after FTS removal. All foals satisfactorily tolerated the FTS application and no significant adverse effects were observed. Rectal temperature increased above 38.5 °C (max. 39.0 °C) in all foals, although this did not correlate with fentanyl plasma concentrations. Results of hematological and biochemical analyses were within reference ranges.Conclusion and clinical relevance Our data show that 100 μg hour−1 fentanyl administered by an FTS results in time-related but variable plasma concentrations in foals. The FTS was easy to apply and was well tolerated. 相似文献
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Birgit Altenbrunner-Martinek Martin Witek Karl Koppatz Michael Freissmuth Alinta Kraft Charlene Sutter Siddartha Torres Christian Gelfert Thomas Wittek 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(1):87-90
Flunixin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic effects. Recently, a novel transdermal formulation was developed (Finadyne® Transdermal, MSD Animal Health) and is now the first NSAID registered to be administered as a pour-on product in cattle. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the pour-on product should be applied only to dry skin and exposure to rain should be avoided for at least 6 hr after application. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of simulated exposure to light or heavy rain on flunixin absorption and bioavailability within the first 4 hr after administration. Therefore, an isocratic HPLC method was developed to quantify flunixin concentrations in bovine serum by UV detection. Light rain decreased flunixin absorption only when rain started immediately after flunixin administration, while light rain starting more than 30 min after administration of flunixin had no effect on absorption. Absorption and bioavailability of flunixin was impacted under simulated heavy rain conditions, when exposure to rain occurred within one hour after the application of the pour-on formulation, but not later. 相似文献