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1.
2006～2008年在黑龙江省和吉林省共分离获得99株马铃薯晚疫病菌,并测定了这些菌株的交配型、瑞毒霉敏感性、同工酶基因型和mtDNA单倍型。交配型测定结果显示在吉林省和黑龙江省分离的所有菌株均为A1交配型。瑞毒霉敏感性测定结果显示敏感性菌株占14.1%,中抗菌株占7.1%,抗性菌株占78.8%,表明吉林省和黑龙江省发生的晚疫病菌已对瑞毒霉产生抗药性。黑龙江省和吉林省分离的所有菌株中发现了两种mt DNA单倍型(Ⅰa和Ⅱa)。其中,Ⅰa单倍型占11.1%,Ⅱa单倍型占88.9%。根据Gpi和Pep图谱,本试验发现了3种同工酶基因型,其中优势同工酶基因型是Gpi:100/100,Pep:100/100。根据菌株的交配型、同工酶基因型和mtDNA单倍型,共发现4种基因型,其中,multi-locus基因型A(84.9%)是黑龙江省和吉林省发现的优势基因型,但也出现了新的基因型分化。 相似文献
2.
试验采用生长速率法测定了双炔酰菌胺、恶酮.霜脲氰、氟菌.霜霉威、烯酰.松脂酮、丙森锌.霜脲氰、代森锰锌6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的毒力。结果表明,供试6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌丝生长都有良好的抑制效果。双炔酰菌胺的毒力最强,其EC50值为0.029μg/mL,恶酮.霜脲氰、丙森锌.霜脲氰、烯酰.松脂酮、氟菌.霜霉威毒力依次减弱,而代森锰锌毒力最差,其EC50值为5.502μg/mL。根据室内毒力测定结果及药剂特性,供试的6种杀菌剂在田间防治上可视病害的发生情况交替或混合应用,做到科学合理搭配,以避免或延缓抗药性的产生。 相似文献
3.
为了明确油菜菌核病菌对新型杀菌剂嘧菌环胺的敏感性和该药剂与其它杀菌剂的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定江苏省不同地区的53个油菜菌核病菌菌株对嘧菌环胺的敏感性,并测定对嘧菌环胺不同敏感性的10个菌株对菌核净、异菌脲、腐霉利、多菌灵、咪鲜胺和戊唑醇等杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,菌株间对嘧菌环胺的敏感性差异显著, EC50（抑制中浓度）值在0.0342～1.087 6μg/mL之间;通过EC50值相关性分析,油菜菌核病菌对嘧菌环胺与上述杀菌剂之间不存在交互抗性。 关 相似文献
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为了探明紫外光的照射与绿僵菌对多菌灵的敏感性变化的关系,首先进行了绿僵菌对多菌灵的敏感性测定。结果表明,所有供试野生型菌株的MIC均小于5.0μg/mL,EC50为1.658￣1.853μg/mL。紫外光对绿僵菌分生孢子照射后的结果表明,各菌株均出现了抗性菌落,突变率为2×10-6￣7×10-5,且这些抗性突变体能在600μg/mL下缓慢生长,EC50在245.47￣302.00μg/mL,其抗性至少比野生型菌株(<5.0μg/mL)高120倍。抗性突变体经再次的紫外光照射后,均回复突变成野生型菌株的敏感状态,在多菌灵5.0g/mL的PPDA培养基中均不能生长。表明了由紫外光诱导的绿僵菌抗性突变体在有紫外光的环境中其抗性是不稳定的。 相似文献
5.
海南芒果炭疽菌对多菌灵的抗药性测定 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
从海南不同地区采集芒果炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloesporioides Penz.）进行多菌灵抗性检测。敏感性测定结果表明：7 个地区共 23 个菌株中,有 2 个地区的 5 个菌株表现出高度抗药性,在含 1 200 μg/mL 多菌灵的 PDA培养基上菌丝生长良好,EC 50 值为 520.95~746.26 μg/mL。抗性菌株对苯并咪唑类其它杀菌剂如噻菌灵和甲基托布津测定表明,苯并咪唑类杀菌剂之间存在正交互抗药性;对咪鲜胺则表现敏感。连续无毒培养 8 代后,5 个菌株仍可在 1 200 μg/mL 多菌灵的培养基上生长,抗性水平保持不变。通过致病力及孢子萌发对抗药菌株的适合度进行测定,抗药性菌株的致病能力和孢子萌发率无明显变化,表现很高的适应能力,说明这类菌株在田间有很强的竞争力。 相似文献
6.
油菜菌核病菌对腐霉利的抗性诱变及抗药菌株的生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从江苏省镇江市和扬州市采集菌核病植株的茎,从中分离获得油菜菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）单菌核菌株。32个野生型菌株药剂敏感性（EC50）频率分布数据显示,病菌对腐霉利的敏感基线EC50值为0.1981 ± 0.0220 µg/mL,MIC（最小抑菌浓度）值为 1.1 ± 0.1595µg/mL。实验未发现田间抗腐霉利菌株。通过室内紫外线和药剂诱导,获得多株高抗腐霉利突变体（EC50>1000µg/mL）。这些抗性突变株经转管培养5~20代后抗药性稳定。它们对同类药剂异菌脲和有机磷类甲基立枯磷也表现高抗,但对苯并咪唑类多菌灵敏感。与野生型敏感菌株相比,抗腐霉利突变株菌丝生长较慢,对油菜茎杆和叶片的致病力均较弱。 相似文献
7.
利用菌丝生长速率法,测定了黑龙江省不同地区的10个稻瘟病菌生理小种对稻瘟灵的敏感性.在所有测试的菌株中,稻瘟灵的抑制中浓度为1.8071～4.7542μg·ml-1最不敏感菌株和最敏感菌株的EC50值相差2.6倍以上,表明黑龙江省的稻瘟病生理小种对稻瘟灵敏感性已存在一定程度的差异;同时,在实验室条件下比较了供试菌株在药剂选择压力(8μg·ml-1)下连续传代10次的EC50值,发现随着选择代数的增加,EC50值有增高趋势,这表明供试菌株在药剂选择压力下敏感性在逐渐降低. 相似文献
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9.
黑龙江稻瘟病菌对三环唑抗药性研究 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
采用室内抑菌试验方法,对来自黑龙江省不同地区160份稻瘟病标样中的98个纯菌株进行抗药性测定。结果表明,三环唑对不同地区稻瘟病菌的平均抑制中浓度(EC50)有很大差异。敏感菌株的平均抑制中浓度,哈尔滨菌株为10～20 mg/kg,牡丹江菌株为20～40 mg/kg,佳木斯和绥化菌株均接近50 mg/kg,国营农场的菌株接近40 mg/kg,抗性菌株平均抑制中浓度均大于50 mg/kg。本试验结果说明,黑龙江省大部分稻区的稻瘟病菌对三环唑已产生一定的抗性。抗性菌株抑制中浓度大约是敏感菌株的1.25～5倍。 相似文献
10.
黑龙江省稻稗对丁草胺的抗性测定及交互抗性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】明确黑龙江省水田稻稗(Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing)对丁草胺的抗药性水平以及对其他细胞分裂抑制剂的交互抗药性水平。【方法】采用琼脂法和整株盆栽法测定了黑龙江省14个地区53个田块的稻稗对丁草胺的抗药性以及对其他3种细胞分裂抑制剂丙草胺、苯噻酰草胺和莎稗磷的交互抗性。【结果】琼脂法检测出庆安03、东京城镇02等4个稻稗生物型对丁草胺产生了中等水平抗性,抗性指数为12.92~26.03,占供试稻稗生物型的7.55%;兴隆镇03、阿城04等4个稻稗生物型对丁草胺产生了低等水平抗性,抗性指数为6.63~8.86,占供试稻稗生物型的7.55%;庆安01、汤原01等5个稻稗生物型对丁草胺敏感性下降,抗性指数为3.18~4.84,占供试稻稗生物型的9.43%;其余阿城02、尚志02等40个稻稗生物型对丁草胺表现敏感,抗性指数均小于3,占供试稻稗生物型的75.47%。选取上述测定结果当中抗性最高的两个生物型,使用整株盆栽法进行对丁草胺的抗性水平验证。发现庆安03和东京城镇02同样产生了中等水平抗性,抗性指数分别为16.78和13.27;同时测定两个抗性生物型对丙草胺、苯噻酰草胺和莎稗磷3种细胞分裂抑制剂的交互抗性,结果显示,庆安03稻稗生物型对丁草胺和丙草胺产生了交互抗性;东京城镇02稻稗生物型对丁草胺、丙草胺和莎稗磷产生了交互抗性。【结论】黑龙江省部分地区稻稗对丁草胺产生了抗药性,且对丙草胺和莎稗磷产生了交互抗性。 相似文献
11.
重庆地区马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora in festans)对甲霜灵抗性及抗性水平测定 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
20 0 1年从北碚、云阳、开县、万州、巫溪和忠县等地采集马铃薯晚疫病病叶 ,共分离得 94株致病疫霉。用生长速率法测定其对甲霜灵的抗性和抗性水平 ,结果表明 :2 0 2 %的菌株表现为抗性 ,11 7%的菌株表现为中抗 ,6 8 1%的菌株表现为敏感 ;以菌株PBB 110 2为敏感对照 ,所测定的 2株抗性菌株的抗性水平达 10 6倍以上 ,各地菌株抗性表现与菌株来源地的施药水平密切相关 ,并对抗药性不同的地区提出了不同的用药策略 相似文献
12.
A total of 134 Czech Pseudoperonospora cubensis isolates originating from Cucumis sativus were used for fungicide resistance screening. Efficacy of six commonly used and registered fungicides was screened in Czech P. cubensis populations. The investigations covered the frequency and occurrence of sensitive, moderately resistant and resistant isolates to the individual fungicides during the period 2005–2010. Fosetyl-Al (Aliette 80 W) and propamocarb (Previcur 607 SL) were the most effective fungicides. All tested isolates were sensitive on all tested fosetyl-Al concentrations. However, some isolates expressed resistance (profuse sporulation) or moderate resistance (limited sporulation) to lower and/or even to recommended concentrations of propamocarb in the years 2006 and 2008–2010. Metalaxyl (Ridomil PLUS 48 WP) and metalaxyl-M (Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WP) were ineffective. Isolates collected in 2008 and 2009 showed large variation in moderate resistance or resistance even at high fungicide dosages. However, this result was not confirmed in 2010, when efficacy of these fungicides increased slightly, and 69% and 43% of isolates were controlled at the recommended concentration of metalaxyl-M and metalaxyl, respectively. Limited or profuse sporulation was observed only sporadically at high concentrations. Sensitivity of isolates to cymoxanil (Curzate K) differed among the studied years. While cymoxanil was ineffective in the years 2005–2008 and in 2010, 68% of isolates were controlled at the recommended concentration in 2009. During the years 2005 through 2010, a shift towards higher sensitivity to dimethomorph was observed at all screened concentrations. 相似文献
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Outbreaks of late blight occurred in commercial potato fields in northwestern Washington in 1989 and reached epidemic proportions in 1990. Since most blighted fields reportedly had received 2–4 late-season applications of metalaxyl, the possibility existed that pathogenic strains ofPhytophthora infestans had developed resistance to this systemic fungicide. In testing this hypothesis,P. infestans was isolated consistently from diseased leaves, stems, and tubers of potato when small tissue pieces were surface-disinfected in 0.5% NaOCl for 3 min. Virulence of isolates was assessed on detached leaflets of eight differential (R-gene) potato genotypes. Although simple races (single and double) were recovered, there was also a high frequency of complex race combinations. When tested in metalaxyl-amended media, 81% of the 73 isolates recovered from diseased tissues were highly resistant to 10 μg metalaxyl/ml and 19% yielded intermediate resistance. Sensitive isolates were not recovered. Fifty-five percent of 40 isolates sporulated on potato tuber disks in the presence of ≥10 ug metalaxyl/ml. On leaf tissues, 85% of 20 isolates sporulated in the presence of 10 μg metalaxyl/ml, and 50% sporulated in the presence of 100 μg/ml. This is the first report ofP. infestans resistance to metalaxyl in the U.S. 相似文献
15.
K. L. Deahl S. P. DeMuth S. L. Sinden A. Rivera-Peña 《American Journal of Potato Research》1995,72(1):35-49
The A2 mating type ofPhytophthora infestans was first reported in the United States in 1990. Concurrently,P. infestans strains resistant to metalaxyl ere found in the Pacific Northwest. Collaborative surveys were undertaken during 1991–1993 to investigate the frequency of occurrence of A2 mating types and metalaxyl resistant strains in populations ofP. infestans isolated from outbreaks of late blight in potato and tomato crops in North America.In vitro testing indicated that isolates from the northeastern U.S. and Atlantic Canada were primarily (52/55) metalaxyl sensitive and all were A1 mating types. Among 85 isolates from late blight epidemics in Florida and Texas, greater than 61% were both metalaxyl resistant and A2 mating type. Metalaxyl resistance and A2 mating types were identified also in a few tomato isolates from North Carolina. Although the majority of 134 isolates from the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia and Washington) were metalaxyl resistant, only 2 isolates from Washington were A2 mating types. Among 111 isolates from 2 sites in central Mexico, 63% and 77% were both metalaxyl resistant and A2 mating types. The data indicate also a higher frequency of metalaxyl resistance in A2 isolates, than in A1 isolates, among isolates from Florida and Texas. Highest metalaxyl resistance levels were found, however, in A1 isolates from California, where no A2 isolates were recovered. 相似文献
16.
Summary Potato late blight has appeared in epidemic proportions in Nepal since the mid 1990s and fungicides have been reported to
be decreasingly effective in managing the disease.Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected from potato crops during 1999–2000 and analysis of 371 isolates for mating types and 270 isolates
for metalaxyl sensitivity revealed the presence of both new and old populations. This is the first report on the presence
of metalaxyl-resistant isolates in Nepal. The frequencies of A1 and A2 were 83 and 17%, respectively. Metalaxyl-resistant,
intermediate and sensitive isolates were recorded as 10%, 12% and 78% respectively. Metalaxyl resistance was distributed in
both mating types. Sites with a history of metalaxyl use had a significantly higher number of resistant and intermediate isolates
({ie337-1}, P<0.01) than sites where metalaxyl had not been used. This study confirms the changes in population structure
ofP. infestans in Nepal. 相似文献
17.
Xiaodan Wang Mei Guo Fanxiang Min Yunfei Gao Feifei Xu Shuai Yang Dianqiu Lu 《Potato Research》2012,55(3-4):217-224
Samples of Phytophthora infestans were isolated from 12 city and county fields in the main potato production areas of Heilongjiang province of China between 2004 and 2008. A total of 72 isolates were tested for virulence on a potato R gene differential set and 39 of these isolates were also analysed for their resistance to the fungicide metalaxyl. All 11 differential plants were infected by one or more of the isolates collected; the most commonly overcome differentials were R1, R3, R4, R7, R10, and R11. Most (89.7%) of the tested isolates were resistant to metalaxyl and the rest (10.3%) were sensitive. The proportion of metalaxyl-resistant isolates differed between sites (χ 2?=?25.42, df?=?10, p?<?0.005), but not between years (χ 2?=?4.63, df?=?4, p?>?0.05). Taken together and in comparison with earlier pathogen population studies, our findings suggest that the population of P. infestans in Heilongjiang is different from that existing in the province two decades ago and that at various locations within the province, the new population has a high frequency of resistance to metalaxyl. 相似文献
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Jadwiga Śliwka Sylwester Sobkowiak Renata Lebecka Jose Avendaño-Córcoles Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska 《Potato Research》2006,49(3):155-166
A total of 93 single-lesion isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from late blight diseased potatoes grown in several locations in Poland, in the years 2002–2004. They were
tested for mating type, virulence, aggressiveness and metalaxyl resistance. Sixty one percent of the isolates was of the A1
and 39% of the A2 mating type. Regarding virulence, complex races predominated. Most of the isolates were highly and moderately
aggressive. Among isolates, tested together with 38 previously collected (1995–2001) ones, 14.5% was metalaxyl resistant,
3.5% intermediately resistant and 82.0% of the isolates was sensitive to metalaxyl. In addition, 14 isolates tested with three
simple sequence repeat markers showed high genetic diversity. These data indicate that Polish population of P. infestans is diverse and aggressive, with potential for sexual recombination and spreading of fungicide insensitivity. 相似文献