首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Sesbania drummondii, a toxic leguminous shrub found throughout the southeastern United States, induces different responses in chicken vs rat hepatic microsomal monooxygenase systems. Groups of 4- to 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats and White Leghorn chickens were given extracts of S drummondii by gavage for 3 days. Doses, which were 0.4 and 0.8% of daily body weights, respectively, for the rats and chickens, were adjusted to induce similar clinical lesions in the 2 species. The hepatic microsomal monooxygenase systems of control and treated animals were compared, using cytochrome P-450 content, cytochrome b5 content, NADH- and NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase activity, and 6 cytochrome P-450 mediated enzyme activities. Increases of twofold in the cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities; fourfold in the aldrin epoxidase activity; and 15-fold in the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity were observed in the S drummondii-treated chickens. In contrast, the treated rats had nearly twofold decreases in these values, suggesting a species-specific effect of S drummondii on microsomal monooxygenase systems, ie, induced with S drummondii.  相似文献   

2.
The influence of Monensin, Tiamulin and the simultaneous administration of the two substances on the microsomal, mixed function oxidases was studied on cockerels. Monensin was seen to cause a slight depression in the amount of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 as well as in the activities of aniline-p-hydroxylase, p-nitrophenol-hydroxylase and p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase. Tiamulin induced a moderate increase in the amount of cytochrome P-450 and in the activities of aniline-p-hydroxylase, p-nitrophenol-hydroxylase and aminopyrine-N-demethylase. The combined administration of monensin and tiamulin resulted in marked induction of the microsomal enzymes; the amount of cytochrome P-450 reduced by metyrapone or carbon monoxide increased 2.5 or 2-times, respectively, and the activities of the tested microsomal hydroxylases and demethylases showed also an expressed increase. At the same time the formation of lipid peroxides also markedly increased and the GSH concentration was reduced. In conclusion, the results of the investigations indicate that the simultaneous application of monensin and tiamulin cause a marked induction of the drug-metabolizing microsomal enzymes and a significant increase in the lipid peroxide formation.  相似文献   

3.
Production of active oxygen by canine peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBLs) from beagle dog was examined by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence production. The canine PBLs rapidly produced the active oxygen in parallel with the number of cells when PBLs were cocultured with canine leukemia-derived CL-1 cells as target cells. Cytolysis of the target cells and active oxygen production were inhibited linearly by the addition of benzoic acid and n-propyl gallate as hydroxyl radical scavenger. However, superoxide dismutase and tiron which are scavengers of superoxide anion did not inhibit the cytotoxicity so much at low concentrations that inhibited the induction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. These results suggest that hydroxyl radical production by stimulated PBLs might be playing a major role of cytotoxic action in the case of canine system.  相似文献   

4.
The administration of xenobiotics such as phenobarbital (PB) and chlorinated hydrocarbons to rats, mice and several other species has been shown to increase the level of hepatic mixed function oxidases. Experiments were conducted to establish the effect of dose of PB, sex of animals, and effect of interval from dose to measurement on concentration of hepatic enzymes in barrows and gilts 6 to 9 mo of age and weighing 100 to 120 kg. Animals given 1 or 2 g PB for 3 d had higher concentrations of microsomal protein cytochrome b5 and P-450 and NADPH cytochrome c reductase than control animals (P less than .01). Animals given 2 g PB had 3.5 times as much cytochrome P 450 as did controls. Barrows and gilts did not differ from each other in any variables measured (P less than .20). In a study of the time course of induction all animals given PB had higher levels of microsomal protein, cytochrome P-450 and reductase in 24 h than controls; however, cytochrome b5 was depressed on d 1 and was elevated by d 3. Concentration of cytochrome P-450 reached a maximum by d 7 (P less than .01); cytochromes b5 and c reductase reached a maximum by d 9 and 3, respectively (P less than .01). Levels of cytochrome P-450 were higher in gilts than in barrows on all days following PB treatment (P less than .04). Microsomal protein, cytochrome b5, cytochrome P-450 and reductase remained elevated for 6 d after the last treatment with PB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

5.
任艺慈  刘洁  李茂  陈晨  孙小玲 《草地学报》2017,(6):1345-1351
逆境胁迫会诱导植物细胞内活性氧的产生,通过研究同一逆境胁迫下植物活性氧的产生速率和抗氧化系统的响应可衡量植物的抗逆性。以Spark和Texoka野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)为材料,研究了34天持续的中光(40%遮阴)和低光(80%遮阴)胁迫处理下,两种野牛草叶片活性氧的产生、膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的变化规律。结果表明:低光胁迫时植物丙二醛(MDA)的含量更高,抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的峰值也更高;Spark野牛草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的相对活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)的相对含量到达峰值的时间比Texoka野牛草推迟5~10天,但峰值更高,而MDA峰值的相对含量则远远低于Texoka野牛草;与抗氧化酶相比,Spark野牛草叶片中AsA的相对含量出现了两次高峰,峰值远远高于Texoka野牛草,认为Spark野牛草比Texoka野牛草更耐阴的原因与遮阴胁迫下其叶片中AsA含量较高有关。  相似文献   

6.
In a previous study, we reported that fragment Bb of bovine complement factor B activated bovine monocytes, as demonstrated by the uptake of 3H-deoxyglucose. In the present study, the effects of Bb on the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by bovine monocytes was investigated. The production of superoxide was measured by the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. The change in absorbance was determined by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 550 nm. Hydrogen peroxide production was measured by the horse-radish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red. The resulting color change was measured by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 620 nm. Fragment Bb (20 micrograms/mL) induced the generation of 0.96 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) nanomoles of superoxide/2.5 x 10(5) monocytes at 5 min. The production of superoxide peaked at 15 min (1.24 +/- 0.3 nanomoles). The production of hydrogen peroxide was also rapid: 0.195 +/- 0.05 nanomoles/2.5 x 10(5) monocytes at 5 min with a peak at 15 min (0.250 +/- 0.04 nanomoles). These observations show that fragment Bb, which has serine protease activity, induces bovine monocytes to generate reactive oxygen intermediates such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.  相似文献   

7.
动物锰营养中含锰超氧化物歧化酶研究进展   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  
锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)是一种催化超氧阴离子自由基发生歧化反应 ,生成氧和过氧化氢的重要含锰金属酶。本文对MnSOD的分布、结构、活性、基因表达以及动物饲粮锰及其它因素对MnSOD的调节等进行了综述 ,以期推动锰营养学的进一步深入研究  相似文献   

8.
Respiratory burst is due to the activation of a membrane bound NADPH oxidase induced by perturbation of the plasma membrane during phagocytosis or following interaction between the cell surface and a number of environmental stimuli. It refers to the increase in the non-mitochondrial O2 consumption with a concomitant production of different reactive species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen ...). The effects of the respiratory burst depend on the intensity and combination of the different actions which are defensive, toxic, activatory and modulatory of the inflammatory process.  相似文献   

9.
Free radicals are any molecules having an odd number of electrons. These molecules are highly reactive and can be generated as byproducts of normal metabolism as well as by exposure to a number of environmental factors including drugs, radiation and air pollutants. Due to the ubiquity of molecular oxygen, the oxygen metabolites superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical are frequently involved in both beneficial and detrimental free radical reactions. Intracellular enzymes and radical scavengers help to protect against tissue damage by these reactive metabolites. The extent of free radical damage to tissue depends on the nature of the radical produced and its site of generation.  相似文献   

10.
The adherence of neutrophils from bronchopneumonic calves to nylon fibres and the influence of this adherence on O2- and H2O2 production were studied. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from bronchopneumonic calves were found to produce much more superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide than neutrophils from healthy animals. A higher production of these compounds was observed in granulocytes adhering to nylon fibres than in cells in suspension. It is suggested that oxygen radicals production induced by the contact of granulocytes with a solid surface plays a role in the destruction of endothelium in vivo.  相似文献   

11.
将传代MDCK细胞以8×104/cm2的密度接种于6孔细胞培养板,H9亚型禽流感病毒以不同剂量0(对照组)、10-3(高剂量组)、10-4(中剂量组)、10-5×EID50(低剂量组)分别接种,检测H9亚型禽流感病毒对MDCK细胞内抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,高剂量H9亚型禽流感病毒接种MDCK细胞使细胞内过氧化氢(H2O2)和羟基自由基(·OH)含量均显著增加(P>0.05),细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力均显著下降(P>0.05),细胞内的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加(P>0.05)。说明H9亚型禽流感病毒可显著提高MDCK细胞内活性氧自由基(ROS)含量,并降低抗氧化酶活力,阻碍ROS在细胞内的清除机制,引起细胞脂质过氧化作用,从而损伤细胞。  相似文献   

12.
Components of white snakeroot, a plant toxic to livestock and human beings, were activated by Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver microsomes. The toxic products of microsomal activation were evaluated in murine melanoma (B16F1) cell cultures. Toxic products in white snakeroot were inactive in cell culture systems without microsomal activation. This activation system revealed that at least 2 fractions of white snakeroot were metabolically activated to cytotoxic agents. The autocatalytic inactivator of cytochrome P-450, 1-aminobenzotriazole, inhibited activation of white snakeroot constituents by rat liver microsomes.  相似文献   

13.
为了揭示土壤重金属镉(Cd)对植物的毒害机理,采用温室盆栽试验方法,研究了不同浓度(0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30和50 mg/kg)Cd污染土壤对石竹幼苗生长以及对抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环的影响。结果表明,石竹幼苗的分蘖数、株高和生物量表现出显著的“低促高抑”的现象,这缘于土壤Cd低浓度(≤1 mg/kg)胁迫和胁迫的初期,石竹叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等抗氧化酶活性提高,以抵抗体内逐渐增多的活性氧(ROS);随着Cd浓度的增加和镉胁迫时间的延长,石竹叶片中的超氧阴离子(O2-·)和过氧化氢(H2O2) 等ROS爆发,SOD、APX、MDAR、DHAR和GR等抗氧化酶活性迅速降低,抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量减少,过多的ROS不能被石竹自身的抗氧化系统有效地清除,最终导致膜脂过氧化受到逆境伤害。另外,试验结果验证了APX是清除H2O2的重要酶,GR是生成GSH的重要酶,MDAR还原MDHAR是AsA-GSH循环中再生AsA的主要途径。  相似文献   

14.
试验以不同含水量(4%,10%,16%,22%,28%,34%,40%)老芒麦种子为材料,研究贮藏温度对老芒麦种子氧自由基、抗氧化酶及膜脂过氧化程度的影响,为探索种子劣变的内在机制奠定基础。结果表明,经过4℃低温和常温贮藏后,种子发芽率不同程度降低,含水量高的种子发芽率下降明显;随着含水量增加,死种子明显增多,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量总体呈下降趋势。在低温贮藏条件下,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、O2·- 产生速率随含水量的升高不断下降,在含水量达到28%时,APX活性、O2·- 产生速率开始上升。在常温贮藏条件下,种子含水量在22%之后,APX活性升高,O2·- 产生速率总体呈下降趋势,但含水量在16%时,O2·- 产生速率突然升高,发芽率降低到0%,不正常、新鲜未发芽种子和死种子明显增多。在低水分(4%～16%)条件下,超氧阴离子自由基的积累可能是引起种子劣变的关键,而高含水量种子的活力下降,并非与自由基积累及脂质过氧化作用相关。  相似文献   

15.
Cells living under aerobic conditions always face the oxygen paradox. Oxygen is necessary for cells to maintain their lives. However, reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide are generated from oxygen and damage cells. Oxidative stress occurs as a consequence of the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant defense systems. Antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is a specific enzyme to scavenge superoxide radicals; copper‐zinc SOD, located in the cytosol and Mn‐SOD, located in the mitochondria. Both types of SOD belong to the first enzymatic step to scavenge superoxide radicals. It has been reported that a number of local factors such as cytokines, growth factors and eicosanoids are involved in the regulation of the corpus luteum (CL) function in addition to gonadotropins. Since reactive oxygen species are generated and SOD is expressed in the CL, there is a possibility that reactive oxygen species and SOD work as local regulators of the CL function. The present review reports that reactive oxygen species and their scavenging systems play important roles in the regulation of the CL function.  相似文献   

16.
为探究燕麦幼苗遭受干旱胁迫后叶片光合特性及活性氧清除系统的响应机制,本试验选用青海本地推广品种‘青燕1号’为研究对象,以PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫环境,在不同干旱浓度(CK、P10和P20)和不同干旱持续时间(4、7、10 d)处理下,研究燕麦幼苗干旱胁迫后对光合作用参数、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、超氧阴离子含量、过氧化氢含量及酶类抗氧化剂和非酶抗氧化剂含量的影响,为青藏高原地区抗旱燕麦品种评价提供理论依据。研究表明：1)随着胁迫程度增加叶绿素含量(Chl)显著下降,超氧阴离子(O2-)、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量明显增加,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ΦpsⅡ)明显下降,而初始荧光(F...  相似文献   

17.
We studied the interactions of isolated equine neutrophils with endothelial cells in culture, mimicking a situation of acute inflammation. Our main purpose was to demonstrate that the supernatant of activated neutrophils was sufficient to damage endothelial cells. Equine endothelial cells (from carotid arteries) were covered either with increased numbers of equine neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, or with the supernatant collected after an in vitro stimulation of the neutrophils. Cytotoxicity was estimated by the release of preincorporated 51Cr, and by light microscopy observations. To assert the specific role of reactive oxygen species, endothelial cells were treated by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XOx) system (production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide), and by hypochlorite (product of the activity of myeloperoxidase). A strong cytotoxicity was found with stimulated neutrophils; microscopic observations indicated a loss of 50% of the endothelial cells and morphological alterations in the remaining cells. The supernatant of stimulated neutrophils was cytotoxic, in correlation with the number of neutrophils used to obtain the supernatant, and with the supernatant concentration of myeloperoxidase. The cytotoxicity of the X/XOx system was weak, but was increased by myeloperoxidase. Hypochlorite was highly toxic. We concluded that the supernatant of stimulated neutrophils was sufficient to obtain cytotoxic effects on the endothelium, in the absence of a direct contact between endothelium and neutrophils, and that this cytotoxicity was mainly linked to the activity of myeloperoxidase. From these in vitro results, it can be extrapolated that in pathologies characterised by an important activation of neutrophils, damage can spread to cells and tissues away from the inflammation focus.  相似文献   

18.
本研究以小冠花幼苗叶片为材料,用0.25,0.5,1和2 mmol/L外源水杨酸(SA)对植株进行叶面喷施,通过盆栽模拟干旱胁迫处理,测定幼苗叶片在连续干旱下膜脂过氧化指标、抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化物含量,研究外源水杨酸对干旱胁迫下小冠花幼苗活性氧水平及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,0.5~2.0 mmol/L的水杨酸显著降低了干旱胁迫下小冠花叶片中超氧阴离子(O2-·)的产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及细胞膜透性,显著提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,提升了抗氧化指数,但对抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响不显著。在干旱胁迫第11天,1 mmol/L SA处理的小冠花叶片O2-·产生速率、MDA含量、细胞膜透性显著低于干旱处理79.78%,34.42%,36.96%(P<0.05);CAT酶活性显著高于干旱处理2.45倍(P<0.05);到干旱胁迫第 16天,SOD、POD酶活性比干旱处理提高了3.85和3.63倍。表明外源水杨酸能够降低干旱胁迫下小冠花叶片的活性氧水平,提高小冠花叶片抗氧化能力,缓解干旱胁迫造成的细胞膜脂过氧化损伤,提高了小冠花的抗旱性,尤其以1 mmol/L水杨酸效果最佳。  相似文献   

19.
Hepatic monoxygenases metabolize steroids that in turn influence reproduction. Experiments were conducted to establish the effect of dose of phenobarbital and level of dietary protein on hepatic monoxygenase. In Exp. 1, ewes were given either 0, .5, 1, 2 or 3 g phenobarbital (PB) daily for 4 to 8 d. After 48 h after last dose of PB, cytochrome P-450 was higher (P less than .01) in all ewes given PB than in controls and was higher (P less than .01) in ewes given PB for 8 d than in ewes treated for 4 d. In Exp. 2, either 0 or 1 g of PB was given orally for 8 d. Liver samples were collected 1, 4, 7 or 10 d after last treatment. Both cytochrome P-450 (P less than .01) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cytochrome c reductase (P less than .06) were higher in ewes receiving PB than in controls. Cytochrome P-450 was twice as high in treated ewes as in control ewes on the 8th d of treatment, but concentrations returned to control levels 10 d after last treatment. Microsomal protein and cytochrome b5 were not affected by PB (P greater than .10). Ewes in Exp. 3 receiving a diet containing 14.8% crude protein for 10 d had higher levels of cytochrome P-450 (P less than .01) than ewes fed 4.7% crude protein. Protein did not affect microsomal protein or NADPH cytochrome c reductase. These data suggest that a relationship among PB, dietary protein and monoxygenases exists and provide information that will lead to a better understanding of the relationship between diet and reproduction.  相似文献   

20.
Avian peritoneal exudate macrophages, when exposed to phagocytic stimuli, produced an appreciable oxidative burst as measured by production of chemiluminescence, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide. Metabolic inhibitors of the oxidative burst and scavengers of oxygen radicals clearly inhibited macrophage chemiluminescence, but had no significant effect on macrophage bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli or fungistatic activity against Candida tropicalis. Therefore, avian macrophages were capable of oxygen-independent bactericidal and fungistatic activities.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号