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高寒草地放牧系统钼的季节变化及盈缺分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对青海省三角城种羊场高寒草地夏(6月中旬)、秋(9月中旬)、冬(12月中旬)三季的水、土壤、牧草以及绵羊被毛、肝脏、粪中钼含量进行了调查采样分析.结果表明,土壤中钼除夏季与我国正常水平(0.17mg/kg)一致外,秋冬两季均较低;牧草中的钼为夏季>秋季>冬季,但均低于正常水平(1.00mg/kg);绵羊被毛中钼夏季高于正常值,而秋冬两季严重缺乏且与三季绵羊肝钼状况一致,都表现出与牧草相同的季节变化规律,即夏季>秋季>冬季.因此,青海三角城种羊场绵羊处于低钼的生态环境与营养状况. 相似文献
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试验研究了青海共和盆地河卡牧场夏、冬两季牧草草地系统(水、土壤、牧草、绵羊)中硒的含量变化.结果表明,河卡牧场夏季土壤和牧草严重缺硒,绵羊血浆中硒浓度低于临界水平,夏冬两季绵羊被毛中硒含量低于毛硒含量临界值. 相似文献
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青海省环湖地区绵羊11种矿物元素营养状况的调查研究报告 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对青海省环湖地区绵羊１１种矿物元素营养状况的调查研究结果表明：（１）该地区绵羊处于低锌、低锰和高钼的营养状况;（２）夏季的唾液钠／钾比低于１０∶１,表明处于低钠营养状况;（３）血浆镁浓度较低,但仍明显高于低血镁的临界值;（４）血浆铜和锌浓度在夏季或秋季出现峰值,血浆钼浓度在夏季和冬季出现两次峰值;（５）牧草铜和锌含量较低,牧草和土壤锰含量明显低于常值,而钼含量超过正常范围。 相似文献
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青海省环湖地区绵羊11各矿物元素营养状况的调查研究报告 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对青海省环湖地区绵羊１１种矿物元素营养状况的调查研究结果表明：（１）该地区绵羊处于低锌、低锱和高钼的营养状况;（２）夏季的唾液钠／钾比低于１０：１,表明处于低钠营养状况;（３）血浆镁浓度较低,但仍明显高于低血镁的临界值;（４）血浆铜和锌浓度在夏季或秋季出现峰值;血浆钼浓度在夏季和冬季出现两次峰值;（５）牧草铜和锌含量较低,牧草上土壤锰含量明显低于常值,而钼含量超过正常范围。 相似文献
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为更有效地防治内蒙古自治区四子王旗地区家畜微量元素代谢病,合理使用微量元素添加剂,采用实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法,对该地区短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）荒漠草地土壤-牧草-家畜生态系统中微量元素的水平进行检测。结果显示,土壤中铜和硒处于缺乏状态。牧草中铁和锰元素处于过量状态,硒为缺乏状态。与健康绵羊的各项指标相比较,血浆中铁和锰分别于夏秋季节和全年高于正常水平,硒和铜元素分别于秋季和冬季低于正常水平;肝脏中铁和锰全年高于正常水平,铜冬季低于临界值,硒元素秋冬季节低于正常水平;被毛中铁全年高于正常水平,而铜和硒全年低于正常水平。结合放牧绵羊对各种矿物质的进食量和消化率进行综合分析表明,该地区为高铁、高锰、低硒的生态环境,同时铜和锌处于季节性缺乏状态。 相似文献
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The winter grazing of wild ruminants on mantles of slate waste in the Harz mountains and in Gera county were richest in Mn whereas those on mantles of granite waste in the Erzgebirge were poorest. The flora of the shell-limestone, keuper and loess areas contains much less Mn than that of those acid habitats. The Mn-requirement of the wild ruminants grazing in the forests is met however, since bilberry plants (2,080 mg/kg), spruce twigs (984 mg/kg), spruce bark (827 mg/kg), oak twigs (791 mg/kg) and heather (754 mg/kg dry matter) in addition to many other plant species store extremely high amounts of Mn. Solely sallow twigs were poor in Mn (28 mg/kg). Based on 601 samples examined, the Mn supply of wild ruminants is extensively described. The rumen content reflected the plentiful Mn-supply of the wild ruminants living in forests (greater than 400 mg/kg) and the far worse one of field roes, particularly in Mn-deficiency areas for domesticated ruminants (mantle of shell-limestone waste 37 mg Mn/kg dry matter of rumen content). The indicator organs of the Mn-status (liver, covering hair, kidneys) verify the statements made concerning red deer, fallow deer and mouflons, of which a total of 170 head from 14 biotopes were examined. An Mn-deficit of field roes in Mn-deficiency habitats in winter cannot completely be excluded. Mouflons have not yet been able to adapt themselves to the excessive Mn-supply of the acid forest habitats in Central Europe. They stored significantly higher amounts of Mn in liver, covering hair, kidneys, cerebrum and ribs than the other wild ruminants and sheep and cattle. The normal Mn-content of the liver and the cerebrum of red deer, fallow deer and roes corresponds to that of sheep and cattle. Roes and fallow deer have winter covering hair poor in Mn (less than 4.0 mg/kg) in comparison to sheep and cattle. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究北方典型草原放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌菌群结构和多样性随季节变化的规律。随机选取北方典型草原上终年放牧不补饲的6只蒙古羊,在冬季（1月）、春季（4月）、夏季（6月牧草生长期和8月牧草旺盛期）和秋季（10月中旬）,通过口腔采取瘤胃液,利用MiSeq测序技术分析了不同季节、不同牧草生长时期瘤胃细菌种群的结构和多样性。结果表明,放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌在夏季牧草生长旺盛期操作分类单元（OTU）和多样性最高,冬季最少,瘤胃细菌夏季和冬季OTU和多样性都差异显著（P<0.05）。在门水平上,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes,56.93%）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes,21.52%）为蒙古羊瘤胃中的优势细菌种群;厚壁菌门OTU在8月达到最大值,拟杆菌门OTU在6月达到最大值,均与其他月份差异显著（P<0.05）。在科水平上,瘤胃菌科（Ruminococcaceae,19.09%）、毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae,16.98%）、克里斯蒂娜科（Christensenellaceae,12.11%）、普雷沃氏菌科（Prevotellaceae,8.51%）和理研菌科（Rikenellaceae,8.27%）是蒙古羊瘤胃中的优势种群,分别在夏季（6月或8月）数量达到峰值。在属水平上,普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella,4.79%）、丁酸弧菌属（Butyrivibrio,1.77%）和瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus,1.27%）含量最高。因此,北方牧区放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌以厚壁菌门的瘤胃菌科数量最高,是典型的消化纤维素细菌,符合以牧草为饲的放牧羊的特征。 相似文献
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Infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus causes considerable losses in the sheep industry. In this study, we evaluated the effect that climate has on third-stage larvae (L3) of H. contortus in terms of their migration from sheep feces to Brachiaria decumbens grass, as well as their distribution among the forage plants. Fecal samples containing H. contortus L3 was deposited on the soil among the herbage at an initial height of 30 cm. Sample collection began 24h after contamination and was performed on alternate days over 13 days. The L3 were recovered and quantified in three strata (heights) of grass (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and >20 cm) as well as in the remaining feces and a superficial layer of soil, collected from beneath the feces. In order to obtain results under different environmental conditions, fecal samples containing H. contortus L3 were deposited on pasture in January (summer), in April (autumn), and July (winter). In all of the periods, the L3 were able to migrate from the feces to the herbage. However, rains, accompanied by high relative humidity and high temperatures, apparently favored migration. The highest L3 recovery rate in the pasture was in the summer observation period, which had the highest number of days with measurable precipitation, high relative humidity (>68.2%), and the highest temperatures at the soil level (minimum and maximum means of 19°C and 42°C, respectively). Under those conditions, larvae began to reach the upper stratum of the grass (>20 cm) by 24h after the deposition of fecal matter, the number of larvae having reached that stratum peaking at seven days after deposition. In the autumn observation period, there was no rainfall in the first five days post-contamination. During that period, high numbers of larvae were found in the fecal samples demonstrating that feces can act as a reservoir of larvae in the absence of rain. Except for two days in the summer observation period, when most of the L3 were recovered from the tops of blades of grass, L3 where located predominantly at the base of the herbage. In conclusion, rainfall favors the migration of L3 from feces to herbage. In addition, larval migration up and along blades of grass can occur relatively rapidly when the temperature is high. 相似文献
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不同前茬对混播草地建植初期的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
选择白三叶(Trifolium repens)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arund inacea)和鸭茅(Dactylisg lomerata),在三峡库区沿江地带3种前茬分别为水稻(Rice)、沟叶结缕草(Manila grass)和黄豆(Soybean)的退耕地进行混播试验,研究当年的生长动态、产草量组成及其越夏率。结果表明:禾本科牧草与白三叶混播,产草量显著高于与苜蓿的混播组合,且产草量比重相对稳定;苜蓿竞争性差,不适宜混播;土壤条件显著影响混播效益及其产草量;结缕草茬的土壤肥力低,禾本科牧草长势差,有利于豆科牧草生长,其产草量显著低于其它两种前茬;黄豆茬土壤肥力好,禾本科牧草早期生长旺盛,将抑制豆科牧草;水稻茬的混播组合相对稳定;土壤肥力直接影响混播牧草的越夏率;伏旱来临之前,良好的草层盖度有利于牧草越夏。 相似文献