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了解我国蕉园土壤肥力现状对明确土壤障碍因子,制定有效的消障措施和合理的养分管理方案具有重要指导意义。收集已公开发表有关蕉园土壤肥力的文献数据及结合实地调研测定的数据,建立土壤养分数据库,包括土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效硼含量。参考第二次全国土壤普查养分分级指标,明确我国蕉园土壤养分现状,并分析海南、广东、广西、云南和福建香蕉种植区域土壤养分分布特征。我国蕉园土壤pH平均为5.3、有机质含量平均为14.9 g/kg、碱解氮含量平均为77.3 mg/kg、有效磷含量平均为96.0 mg/kg、速效钾含量平均为227 mg/kg、交换性钙含量平均为1039 mg/kg、交换性镁含量平均为102 mg/kg、有效铁含量平均为169 mg/kg、有效锰含量平均为41.8 mg/kg、有效铜含量平均为2.84 mg/kg、有效锌含量平均为4.82 mg/kg、有效硼含量平均为1.16 mg/kg。86.3%的蕉园土壤有机质处于潜在缺乏及以下水平,97.1%的蕉园土壤碱解氮处于中等以下水平,60.8%的蕉园土壤交换性镁处于潜在缺乏及以下水平,50%以上的蕉园土壤速效磷、有效钾和微量元素含量处于极高水平。不同省份蕉园土壤养分含量及有机质、大中量元素、有效锰和硼处于中等以下水平的蕉园存在差异。我国蕉园土壤综合肥力指数平均为0.71,福建蕉园土壤肥力综合指数为0.78,显著高于其他省份;广东(0.71)和云南(0.69)蕉园土壤综合肥力指数显著高于海南(0.62)和广西(0.61),不同省份13.3%~37.1%蕉园土壤综合肥力指数在中等以下水平。我国蕉园土壤有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、微量元素(除有效硼外)处于中等偏上水平,土壤pH偏低,有机质、交换性镁和有效硼处于中等或缺乏水平,成为蕉园土壤肥力潜在限制因子。因此,我国香蕉生产中,应重视有机肥、镁肥和硼肥的施用,不同香蕉种植省份要因地制宜,制定有效障碍因子消减措施,提升蕉园土壤肥力,促进香蕉提质增效和产业绿色发展。 相似文献
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采用化学分析方法对河口县8个香蕉种植区的194个土壤样品的养分指标进行分析,结果表明:71.6%的土样pH值在正常范围内;有机质、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换镁低于临界值20 g/kg、90 g/kg、10 mg/kg、100 g/kg、50 mg/kg的土样分别为23.2%、30.4%、59.3%、75.8%和63.9%;所有土样的有效铁、锌含量均高于临界值;少数样品的交换钙、有效铜、锰含量低于临界值。据此提出河口县香蕉园相应的施肥建议,对指导香蕉的合理施肥具有重要意义。 相似文献
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对海南省胡椒优势区胡椒园土壤分0~20 cm和20~40 cm两层取样,用以研究海南胡椒种植区土壤pH值与养分含量之间的关系。结果表明,海南胡椒优势区土壤pH值在3.76~5.26之间,极强酸土壤占样品总数的54%,强酸土壤占样品总数的46%;约98%胡椒园土壤有机质含量在较低含量区间;碱解氮含量有85%在适宜值范围内;有效磷含量有54%低于适宜值范围;约54%胡椒园缺乏速效钾;交换性钙、镁含量均低于适宜值范围。线性相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH值与速效钾、交换性钙、镁含量有显著正相关关系,与有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量相关性不显著;岭回归分析结果表明,土壤pH值与养分因子的相关性由强到弱为:速效钾>交换性钙>有机质>交换性镁>碱解氮>有效磷。因此,应该适当增施草木灰、石灰和有机肥,以提高胡椒园土壤pH值和培肥土壤。 相似文献
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永春县低丘农田茶园土壤养分变化情况分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农田茶园土壤pH值低,平均值4.3,其中低于4.5的占72.2%。有机质含量低于20 g/㎏的占70.1%;土壤速效磷含量很高,平均值为159.8 mg/kg;其中低于25rng/kg的占3.4%;速效钾含量平均值为25.0mg/㎏,低于25.0mg/㎏的土样占72.6%;有效镁含量范围为平均含量为38.8mg/kg,低于50.0mg/kg的占58.6%;有效锌含量范围为3.1-66.2mg/kg;有效铜含量范围为1.6-12.3mg/kg;有效铁含量范围为26.3-423.9mg/kg;有效锰含量范围为3.9-203.8mg/kg。农田茶园土壤pH值较低,氧化还原电位较低,因而锌、铜、铁有效性较强;而酸性强的土壤镁有效性低。各茶园土壤养分含量变幅较大,建议按测土的土壤养分丰缺状况进行合理施肥。 相似文献
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通过对云南省西双版纳、普洱、临沧、保山、德宏等5个具有地域代表性的澳洲坚果种植区中的土壤和叶片养分分析,发现澳洲坚果种植区土壤与叶片养分具有较大的地域差异。47个澳洲坚果园的土壤pH、有机质和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼、有效铜、有效锌平均含量分别为:4.94、29.17g/kg和109.23、36.64、200.05、352.78、85.65、0.60、2.03、2.14 mg/kg;叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和硼、铜、锌平均含量分别为:16.36、0.73、8.39、6.05、0.80 g/kg和17.74、3.46、9.86 mg/kg。土壤pH值低于5.0的样品比例占60%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌含量达到丰富程度的样品比例依次分别占40%、31%、47%、56%、38%和18%,土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硼达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为71%、67%和84%。叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和锌养分达到适宜和丰富的样品比例为97%、67%、100%、49%、51%和100%,磷、钙、镁、硼和铜养分达到缺乏程度的样品比例依次为33%、51%、49%、87%和88%。因此,云南澳洲坚果园土壤肥力调控的重点是增施有机肥,减施磷钾肥,补施钙镁中量元素及铜硼等微量元素。 相似文献
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广西主要蕉园土壤肥力调查及评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过调查广西南宁、崇左、玉林、钦州、北海等香蕉主产区主要蕉园土壤养分状况,评估其土壤肥力状况,为广西香蕉植区土壤养分管理提供科学依据.结果显示,86.7%蕉园土壤pH低于5.5; 53.4%蕉园土壤有机质含量低于20 mg/kg;66.7%蕉园土壤碱解氮低于100 mg/kg; 53.3%土样有效磷含量低于5.0 mg/kg; 73.7%蕉园土壤速效钾低于100 mg/kg; 80.0%蕉园土壤交换性钙高于250mg/kg; 46.7%蕉园土壤处于镁素缺乏状态(小于50 mg/kg); 53.3%蕉园土壤有效硼在0.50~1.00 mg/kg,但仍有46.7%土壤有效硼含量低于临界值(0.5mg/kg);所有调查土壤有效铁含量均高于土壤临界值(4.5mg/kg),且46.7%处于极丰富状态;53.4%蕉园土壤有效锰低于临界值(10mg/kg);6.67%蕉园土壤有效铜低于临界值(0.2 mg/kg),80.0%蕉园土壤有效铜含量处于丰富或极丰富水平;所有调查区蕉国土壤有效锌含量均高于1.0 mg/kg,73.3%以上蕉园土壤有效锌达到极高水平.土壤酸性强、有机质含量低、土壤氮磷钾镁硼锰含量低是当前广西蕉园的主要土壤养分问题. 相似文献
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为了解广西山圩农场剑麻园土壤养分状况,采用常规方法,分析测定4个分场195个土壤样品。结果表明,土壤pH为4.78~8.21,平均为6.51,以中性土、弱酸性土为主,分别占47.7%、32.8%;有机质含量为14.74~45.33 g/kg,平均为25.61 g/kg,其中63.6%土壤样品处于中等水平;全氮含量为0.70~2.08 g/kg,平均为1.19 g/kg,处于中等偏低水平;土壤有效磷含量在2.348~77.524 mg/kg,变化幅度较大,平均为20.432 mg/kg,总体处于中等和中上水平;速效钾含量为25.882~681.619 mg/kg,平均为115.449 mg/kg,变化幅度较大,总体处于中等偏低水平。 相似文献
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2006-2012年每年秋收后,东至县土壤肥料工作站都对全县稻田土壤进行取样化验,共采集土壤农化样3 780个。化验结果表明,东至县土壤有机质平均为26.78 g/kg、全氮平均为1.67 g/kg、有效磷平均为19.16 mg/kg、速效钾平均为88.42 mg/kg、pH值平均为5.23;与第二次土壤普查时的养分状况相比,目前东至县土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量均有所提高,增幅大小依次为有效磷速效钾全氮有机质,土壤pH值呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Kenji Suzuki Tomonori Sato Yukiyo Yamamoto Jun Furuya 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(1):129-137
In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis
was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos.
The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes
regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular,
heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season. 相似文献
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Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv.
Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two
months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February
or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in
cv. Spunta from February to April. 相似文献
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马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。 相似文献