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同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的效果 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
以4份同源四倍体水稻(Oryza sativa,2n=4x=48)和4份二倍体水稻(Oryza sativa,2n=2x=24)为母本,以4份非洲栽培稻(Oryza glaberrima,2n=2x=24)为父本进行远缘杂交配组,共配制32个杂交组合。研究结果表明,非洲栽培稻分别与亚洲栽培稻中的两种倍性水平的水稻品系进行杂交均表现出一定的可交配性,生殖隔离并不很严格。然而,不同倍性的亚洲栽培稻与非洲栽培稻杂交,其结实率表现出明显的差异。二倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻不容易杂交,其结实率比较低(0．32％—1．93％),而同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻较容易杂交,其结实率比较高(1．22％—8．86％,)。由此认为,利用同源四倍体水稻为母本与非洲栽培稻杂交更容易将后者的遗传物质引入亚洲栽培稻。 相似文献
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同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的胚胎学观察 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
以同源四倍体水稻(Oryza sativa,2n=4x=48)和二倍体水稻(Oryza Sativa,2n=2x=24)为母本,以非洲栽培稻(Dryza glarri,2n=2x=24)为父本进行远缘杂交配组,对其杂交结实的胚胎学机理进行了研究。结果表明,非洲栽培稻的花粉粒能在二倍体水稻的柱头上萌发,但萌发频率仅为0．18％～0．56％,花粉管在花柱内的伸长速度比较慢,发生受精的频率比较低,因而二倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的结实率比较低。然而,非洲栽培稻的花粉粒在同源四倍体水稻的柱头上萌发频率高达12．81％～14．65％,花粉管在花柱内的伸长速度比较快,发生受精的频率比较高,因而同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的结实率比较高。在同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻的杂交中发现,其受精作用比较特殊,其中包括精细胞与卵细胞的单受精作用,精细胞与次生极核的单受精作用和正常的双受精作用,总受精率和总成胚率分别为7．49％～9．28％和6．61％～8．64％。 相似文献
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An interspecific hybrid line pf9279 was obtained by protoplast fusion between 02428(japonica, with a wide compatibility gene) and CNW240 (O. officinalis, from Malaysia) at CNRRI in 1992. Possible introgression of planthopper resistance from O.officinalis into pf9279 was investigated by field and laboratory experiments during 1998-1999 at CNRRI. Thirty-day-old seedlings of pf9279 and other rice varieties were individually transplanted with a spacing of 18× 24 cm in each plot (ca 7× 20 m) on Jun 15, 1999. Population trends of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, and whitebacked planthopper(WBPH),Sogatella furcifera were examined weekly by visual counting of adult females on 50-100 hills for each variety. 相似文献
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《中国水稻研究通报》2000,(1)
Ａｎｉｎｔｅｒｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｈｙｂｒｉｄｌｉｎｅｐｆ９２７９ｗａｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙｐｒｏｔｏ ｐｌａｓｔｆｕｓｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ０２４２８（ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ,ｗｉｔｈａｗｉｄｅｃｏｍ ｐａｔｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｇｅｎｅ）ａｎｄＣＮＷ２４０（Ｏ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓ,ｆｒｏｍＭａｌａｙｓｉａ）ａｔＣＮＲＲＩｉｎ１９９２．ＰｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｉｎｔｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｐｌａｎｔｈｏｐｐｅｒｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｆｒｏｍＯ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓｉｎｔｏｐｆ９２７９ｗａｓｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｂｙｆ… 相似文献
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《水稻科学》2017,(4)
Photosynthesis, enzyme activities and metabolite pools associated with primary carbon metabolism in leaves were studied in O. grandiglumis and O. alta(wild relatives of rice which produce high biomass) versus O. sativa(a japonica cultivar and a indica-japonica hybrid) to assess their potential for identifying traits which might be utilized to enhance rice productivity. The wild relatives had higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, and higher water use efficiency than the O. sativa lines. There were no striking differences in activities of a number of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the wild relatives and cultivated rice lines. Along with higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, the leaves of the two wild species had higher nitrate content, higher levels of starch, glucose and fructose, and higher levels of organic acids(malate, succinate and acetate), compared to the O. sativa lines. The results suggested that O. grandiglumis and O. alta have differences in physiology and primary metabolism which might be exploited to improve growth and productivity of cultivated rice. 相似文献
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Introgression lines (ILs) derived from interspecific crosses are a source of new genetic variability. A total of 55 ILs derived from two crosses Swarna × O. nivara IRGC81848 (population A) and Swarna × O. nivara IRGC81832 (population B) were characterized for yield and yield-related traits/QTLs. Segregation of 103 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with yield-related QTLs was studied. Population A showed an average of 12.6% homozygous O. nivara alleles and population B showed 10.6%. Interestingly, three SSR markers, RM223, RM128 and RM517, showed conspicuous pattern of segregation. The distribution of parental alleles at three loci RM223, RM128 and RM517 linked to yield-related traits was unique. These markers flanked to several yield-related QTLs. RM223, flanking to qyld8.3, was heterozygous in almost all the 55 ILs except in IL10-3S and IL131S. RM128 on chromosome 1 and RM517 on chromosome 3 were mutually exclusive in 46 out of 55 ILs. These 46 ILs showed either of the marker allele RM128 or RM517 from O. nivara but not both. IL166S had both RM128 and RM517 from O. nivara and the other ILs showed homozygous Swarna allele at RM517 except IL65S. Population structure assigned the 55 ILs to three sub-populations based on their genomic diversity. IL65S, IL166S, IL248S, IL7K and IL250K showed high yields in multi-location trials, and IL248S was released for cultivation as DRRDhan 40. 相似文献
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同源四倍体水稻与非洲栽培稻杂交的后效性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用亚洲栽培稻中的4份同源四倍体水稻(O.sativa,2n=4x=48)和相应的4份二倍体水稻(O.sativa,2n=2x=24)为母本,以4份非洲栽培稻(O.glaberrima,2n=2x=24)为花粉供体进行远缘杂交后,对其杂种后代的分离动态进行了研究.结果表明,不同倍性的普通栽培稻与非洲栽培稻之间杂交后代的结实率以二倍体普通栽培稻的较高.在配制的32个杂交组合中,其杂种第1代群体均表现出明显的营养生长优势.从群体的生长势来看,杂种第2代群体比杂种第1代群体要弱一些;在杂种第2代群体中,以同源四倍体水稻为母本的杂交组合的分离现象比以二倍体水稻为母本的杂交组合的分离现象更明显.在各杂交组合的第3代群体中,从植株的株叶形态和生育期来看,株系间的差异和株系内的变异依然很明显,变异频率更宽,变异种类更多.在普通栽培稻与非洲栽培稻的杂交组合中,育性变异、生长势变异、株叶形态变异、染色体变异和结实性变异等是较易发现的变异现象. 相似文献
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Lunven J. Toury Giorgi Mlle R. Jacquesson M. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1958,3(1):256-261
Résumé Certaines des feuilles couramment consommées par les populations africaines sont remarquablement riches en protides: feuilles de Baobab (3,8 à 5,4 % frais), d'Amaranthe (3,8 à 4,8 %), d'Arachide (5,6 %), de Casse fétide (5 %), de Cassave (7,7 à 9 %), de Neverdie (9,7 %), de Dolique (5,2 %); les feuilles de Cassave, de Neverdie, de Casse, sont en outre remarquablement riches en acide ascorbique (100 à 270 mg %).
Summary Some leaves commonly used as food by african populations are very rich in protids: leaves of Baobab (3,8 à 5,4 % fresh) of Amaranth (3,8 à 4,8 %) of Peanut (5,6 %) of fetid Cassa (6 %) of Cassava (7,7 à 9 %) of Neverdie (9,7 %) of Dolicos (5,2 %); the leaves of Cassava, of Neverdie, of Cassia are also remarkably rich in ascorbic acid.
Zusammenfassung Gewisse Blätter, die von eingeborenen afrikanischen Volkstämmen normalerweise verzehrt werden, sind erstaunlich reich an Rohprotein: Blätter von Baobab (3,8 bis 5,4 %, bezogen auf Frischgewicht), von Amaranthus (3,8 bis 4,8,) von der Erdnuss (5,6), vonCassia foetida (6 %), von der Cassava (7,7 bis 9 %), der Moringa (9,7 %), der Dolichosbohne (5,2 %); die Blätter der Cassava, der Moringa, der Cassia, sind auch reich an Ascorbinsäure (100 bis 270 mg. %).相似文献
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The use of the correct variety has an important influence on the economic use of sown grassland. The production of seed must be done in such a way that the essential characters of varieties are preserved. The O.E.C.D. Herbage Seed Scheme provides a sound basis for seed production, and has made possible the wider exploitation of good seed growing areas. The technical basis for some of the rules is discussed. It is concluded that in the 8 years in which the Scheme has been operating there has been a significant change in the pattern of seed use with a greater emphasis on the better varieties. 相似文献
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Nine brown planthopper(BPH) resistance genes have been registered so far, but of them only Bph1, bph2, Bph3, bph4, Bph9,and other three unregistered genes Bph10(t), Bph(t), bph(t) were located on chromosome 3, 4, 10, and 12, respectively, by using traditional and molecular mapping methods. To use the genes for BPH resistance in rice breeding and production, interspecific hybrids between cultivated rice and accessions of O. eichingeri (2n=24, CC), a wild rice species from Africa, with strong resistance to BPH and whitebacked planthopper were produced. 相似文献
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测试分析不同适制乌龙茶品种(系)小至中开面的对夹二、三叶嫩梢茶叶铝含量,分析采摘时期对茶树新梢及茶汤铝含量的影响,阐明不同茶树品种及采摘时期对茶叶铝累积的影响并评价茶叶饮用安全.结果表明,福建省主栽适制乌龙茶品种(系)小至中开面的对夹二、三叶嫩梢茶叶铝含量在445.17~814.51 mg·kg-1之间,肉桂、黄玫瑰和紫玫瑰茶树品种茶叶铝含量较高,梅占、金牡丹和佛手茶叶铝含量较低.茶树新梢茶叶铝含量随着生长时间的延长迅速提高,采用指数方程可以很好模拟茶树新梢铝累积与生长时间的关系,控制茶叶采摘时期是控制茶叶铝含量的有效措施;随着新梢生长时间的延长,茶汤铝含量、茶叶铝溶出量及茶叶铝溶出率迅速升高,但日常饮用乌龙茶铝摄入量在安全限量范围内,不会对人体造成伤害. 相似文献
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不同生态型普通野生稻花药培养力的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对我国匍匐、倾斜和直立型普通野生稻进行了花药培养力的研究。供试的37份普通野生稻其花药培养力存在明显差异,愈伤诱导率变幅0～9.1%,绿苗率变幅0～32.1%,其中有31份材料可得到花培绿苗,占83.8%％。花药培养力的高低顺序为：栽培籼稻＞栽培稻／野生稻杂种＞直立型普通野生稻＞倾斜型普通野生稻＞匍匐型普遍野生稻。不同培养基对不同生态型普遍野生稻具有不同的花培效率。改良N6一号培养基具有显著提高花培效率的作用,适合各型普通野生稻的花药培养。 相似文献
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早籼品种苗期耐冷性的遗传研究 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19
应用人工气候箱低温处理．研究了早籼品种的苗期耐冷性。根据3叶期在6℃下处理48小时，3O℃／25℃ 24小时恢复生长后的叶片黄化程度及48小时恢复生长后的死苗情况，发现3个早籼品种的耐冷性均由一对显性基因控制。品种耐冷性愈差，电导率愈高，以此评价的耐冷性遗传也可能由一对主基因控制。 相似文献
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野生稻高产QTL的分子标记辅助育种进展 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
1995年中国国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心与美国康奈尔大学合作,在马来西亚普通野生稻中鉴定出两个主效高产QTLyld1.1和yld2.1.随后将野生稻高产QTL导入优良晚稻恢复系测64-7及中稻恢复系9311和明恢63中,采用分子标记辅助选择与田间选择相结合,育成了Q611等携带野生稻高产QTL yld1.1和yld2.1的新恢复系.经测交鉴定,Q611所配组合表现出强大的产量优势,说明野生稻高产QTL具有显著的增产效应和重要的育种价值,同时也表明采用分子标记辅助选择方法对数量性状进行遗传改良同样具有明显的效果. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):316-323
AbstractRice plants are damaged by flash floods with a rapid increase in water level caused by a heavy rain. However, rice plants cope with the flash floods either by an “escape strategy” involving rapid shoot elongation or by a “quiescence strategy” involving surviving under water with minimal activity. As we found in previous experiments, Saligbeli cultivar adapted well to flash floods through rapid shoot elongation. To understand the vigorous growth process during submergence, we studied the relationship between shoot elongation and changes in dry matter weight (DMW) during submergence. O. glaberrima Steud. cv. Saligbeli and O. sativa L. cv. Ballawé and IR 49830-7-1-2-2 were used. Saligbeli and Ballawé exhibit shoot elongation, and IR 49830-7-1-2-2 exhibits flash-flood tolerance due to the presence of the Sub-1 gene. Twelve-day-old seedlings were submerged for 7 days and the plant length and DMW were measured. The plant length ratio of submerged to control plants in Saligbeli was higher than that of other cultivars during 2-6 days of submergence but IR 49830-7-1-2-2 shoot elongation was inhibited by submergence. In all three cultivars, the elongation of the developing leaf sheath conferred shoot elongation during submergence. The plant length of all submerged plants showed a strong positive correlation with DMW of the leaves developed during submergence. Submerged Saligbeli and Ballawé showed strong negative correlations between DMW of the leaves developed before and during submergence (r = –0.786 for Saligbeli and –0.772 for Ballawé , P < 0.05), suggesting that the enhancement of shoot elongation during submergence is accomplished by using dry matter of the leaves developed before submergence. However, the correlation was not observed in the submerged IR 49830-7-1-2-2. Further details from studies using isotopes are also needed to understand the plant growth during submergence. 相似文献