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作为陆地生态系统的主体,森林生态系统的碳循环与碳蓄积对研究陆地生态系统碳循环起着重要作用.生物量、生产力、土壤有机质以及凋落物量及其分解等相互关系决定了森林生态系统的碳库量和碳交换量.本文简单地介绍了在碳蓄积研究中森林生物量和生产力的几种研究方法,并对研究过程中的问题(大尺度生物量的精确估算,地下生物量的研究,森林生态系统土壤碳库估算)进行了探讨. 相似文献
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杉木人工林土壤碳库动态研究现状及展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
土壤有机碳(SOC)是陆地生态系统中最大的有机碳库,在全球碳循环中发挥着重要的作用。因此,土壤有机碳动态是生态系统碳循环研究中的关键。杉木人工林是我国亚热带主要的人工林,综述了杉木经营过程中土壤有机质动态变化研究现状,以及采伐、整地、炼山等人类活动对土壤有机碳库影响等相关研究。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2)
对武功山草甸植被小群落下土壤活性有机碳性状和土壤养分性状的16个变量进行典型相关分析。结果表明:在0~20 cm,土壤有机碳性状与土壤养分性状的第一个典型相关系数达到极显著水平,其相关系数为0.994 9,在一定范围内,土壤有机质、铵态氮、磷、钾和硼含量与土壤有机质碳、微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量呈显著正相关;在20~40 cm,土壤有机碳性状与土壤养分性状的第一个典型相关系数达到极显著水平,其相关系数为0.995 4,在一定范围内,土壤有机质、钾、钙、镁含量与土壤有机质碳、可溶性碳和易氧化态碳含量呈显著正相关,铜和硼含量与土壤有机质碳、可溶性碳和易氧化态碳含量呈显著负相关。 相似文献
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微生物通常是土壤中有机质分解以及养分积累的积极参与者,因此,对林地土壤微生物分析,是森林生态系统中物质循环的重要内容之一。本文仅就两年的调查研究,对其中丝状真菌和固氮菌在三个森林类型林地的分布状况及组成特征进行初步分析。 相似文献
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火干扰对土壤呼吸的影响及测定方法研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
林火是森林生态系统的重要干扰因子,是导致土壤碳储量发生变化的重要因子。火干扰所排放的含碳气体对物质循环、能量流动和信息传递具有重要影响,进而影响森林生态系统的碳平衡以及气候变化。土壤作为巨大的陆地生态系统储碳库,其与大气碳交换的方式主要是通过土壤呼吸,由于土壤的碳储量巨大,土壤碳库的微小变化都会引起大气CO2浓度的巨大改变,从而影响森林生态系统碳平衡。阐述土壤呼吸的各种测量方法,并对比各种测定方法;火干扰对森林生态系统土壤呼吸速率的影响及其测定方法;火干扰对土壤呼吸环境的影响。最后提出今后在火干扰对土壤呼吸研究中应关注的问题,同时对火干扰与森林生态系统土壤呼吸的研究方向进行展望。 相似文献
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论述了淡水环境中可溶有机质(DOM)在分离与分析方法、来源与特征,以及环境意义等方面的研究进展。指出了在分离方法上,从XAD树脂分离到反渗透膜分离已经发展出各种分离技术;在分析方法上,现代波谱分析技术得到了广泛应用。DOM是由在来源、年龄、存在状态、后生改造等方面存在巨大差异的不同有机质混合构成的,因而呈现出十分复杂的非均质结构。DOM通过其自身的生物可利用性、改变有机污染物和重金属的生物可利用性及其耗氧能力影响环境质量,而且其自身的一些地球化学特征也能用来反映环境的变化特点。最后简述了湿地淡水环境中DOM的研究趋势和展望。 相似文献
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溶解性有机质(D0M)是森林土壤的重要组成部分,虽然在森林土壤中占比较低,但其是流动力最强且循环最为活跃的有机质组分,同时具有重要的生态环境效应。文章综述了近几年来国内外关于森林土壤DOM的研究进展,包括森林土壤DOM的主要来源、含量及其组成;pH值、温度、湿度、森林凋落物的数量、质量等对森林土壤DOM含量的影响;森林土壤D0M可能引发的水体富营养化、激发温室效应、提高土壤肥力等其他的生态环境效应,并对森林土壤DOM今后的相关研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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以川北地震灾区不同植被恢复模式(慈竹林、茶树林、喜树林、柳杉林和农耕地)为对象,研究土壤抗蚀性,并探讨土壤有机质与抗蚀性指标之间的关系。结果表明:植被恢复后水稳性团聚体平均重量直径、结构性颗粒指数、团聚状况和团聚度增加,土壤结构体破坏率、不稳定团粒指数、分散率、侵蚀系数和受蚀性指数降低;不同植被恢复模式土壤抗蚀性综合主成分值呈现出慈竹林〉茶树林〉喜树林〉柳杉林〉农耕地的规律;土壤有机质与绝大多数土壤抗蚀性指标呈显著相关。说明土壤有机质能较好地表征土壤抗蚀性,慈竹林对于提高研究区土壤抗蚀性具有重要的作用和意义。 相似文献
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The nature of different forest plant litters and the effect of their degradation processes on the properties of soil dissolved organic matter is a very important environmental issue in protected areas such as the “Natural Oriented Reserve Bosco delle Pianelle” in Southern Italy, Chemical and spectroscopic techniques were used to evaluate the influence of four different tree covers on the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from litter and surface soil layers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that all litter samples feature a prevalent aromatic character. Ligninolitic components of litters produced by Pinus halepensis L. and a mixture of Quercus trojana Webb. and Q. ilex L. were more degraded than those produced by either Q. ilex or a mixture of Carpinus betulus L. and C. orientalis Miller. The larger C/N ratios of the former litters might account for the greater degradation. Further, a lesser lignin decomposition was shown also for the latter samples, likely due to adverse topographical factors, such as less intense sunlight and greater moisture content. Spectroscopic analysis of litter DOM showed that easily degraded components, such as water-soluble compounds and carbohydrates, were preferentially degraded resulting in DOM that was enriched in lignin-derived compounds. Fluorescence analysis data of all litter DOM samples showed the occurrence of fluorescent units qualitatively similar regardless of plant covering, which suggests that in all cases simple structural components of low-molecular weight and small degree of aromatic polycondensation and content of conjugated chromophores are present. Soil DOM featured several numerous fluorescent units that differ as a function of the parent litter and/or its decomposition processes. Along the soil profiles water-soluble aliphatic compounds of low-molecular weight are found down to the deepest layer, whereas aromatic–ligninolitic compounds are decreasing with depth, probably because of their adsorption by mineral soil components. A greater amount of aromatic units, likely lignin-derived compounds, was found in the DOM from P. halepensis L., which suggested a more extended lignin decomposition. Further, with increasing soil depth, DOM was characterized by a decrease of low-molecular weight organic molecules and lower degree of humification. 相似文献
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Akiko Sasaki Shozo Shikenya Kazuhiko Takeda Takayuki Nakatsubo 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(1):68-74
To estimate the importance of leaching of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a pathway through which organic matter is supplied
to stream ecosystems, we examined the amount of leachate over time and chemical properties of DOM leached from leaves in different
conditions. The samples used were green leaves, yellow senescent leaves, and leaf litter of Salix gracilistyla Miq., which is the dominant riparian plant species in the middle reaches of rivers in western Japan. We analyzed dissolved
organic carbon (DOC), total sugar, and polyphenol in the leachate of leaf samples collected from a fluvial bar in the middle
reaches of the Ohtagawa River in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Considerable leaching of DOC from senescent leaves [37.3 mg g−1 dry weight (dw) leaf] and leaf litter (8.1 mg g−1 dw leaf) occurred within 24 h after immersion. In contrast, DOC leached from green leaves was negligible until 1 week after
leaf immersion. Carbon loss of leaves by leaching within 24 h after leaf immersion was estimated to be less than 8%, suggesting
that leaching of DOC from S. gracilistyla leaves is a minor pathway through which organic matter is supplied to stream ecosystems. DOM leached from the leaves included
sugar and polyphenol, which were among the major chemical forms of DOM leached from the leaves (based on the molecular mass).
In a laboratory experiment in which the difference in the stability of DOM between the chemical forms was examined, sugar
decomposed more rapidly than polyphenol. 相似文献
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不同林龄湿地松土壤养分状况分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
不同林龄(5、10、15及20年生)湿地松人工林土壤养分(铵态氮(NH4^+-N)、硝态氮(NO3^--N)、有效磷(P)、有机质及pH变化规律的研究结果表明:随林龄增长,土壤速效N(NH4^+-N+NO3^--N)含量呈增加趋势;有效P及有机质含量则随林龄增加而降低,但后者在后期略有增加;土壤pH值随林龄增长先上升后降,几种土壤养分的层次差异均较为明显(上层含量高于下层),有必要施入磷肥和石灰进行土壤改良。 相似文献
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华北花岗片麻岩山区土壤严重退化,恶劣的土壤环境是该地区植被恢复的限制性因子.利用不同配比的化肥对试验区内土壤进行促成技术研究,结果表明:各种配比的肥料间,对土壤有机质和营养元素的影响(以全P释放量为例),以NPK1和NPK2处理效果最好,其分别提高风化速率29.68%和31.21%;对土壤粒径的影响(以<1 mm粒径土壤重量百分比为例),同样以NPK1和NPK2处理效果最好,其分别提高风化速率30.50%和24.81%.综上分析可以说明,各种配比的化肥对土壤促成起到了一定的作用,试验区内土壤正朝成熟土壤方向演化. 相似文献
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杉木林采伐迹地连栽和撂荒对林地土壤养分与酶活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
研究湖南会同连栽第2代杉木人工纯林和撂荒对第1代杉木人工林采伐迹地土壤养分与酶活性的影响.结果表明:0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层中,撂荒地土壤有机质、养分含量普遍高于连栽杉木人工林地,且腐殖质碳、有效磷含量的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),全磷含量在0~30 cm土层中的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05).0~30 cm土层中,撂荒地过氧化氢酶活性极显著高于连栽杉木人工林地(P<0.01),磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均显著高于连栽杉木人工林地(P<0.05),30~60 cm土层中,撂荒地过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性也显著高于杉木人工林地(P<0.05),磷酸酶和脲酶活性也高于连栽杉木人工林地,但差异不显著(P>0.05).林地土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机质、养分含量之间均呈较好的正相关,而且与水解氮、速效磷、腐殖质碳的相关性高于其与有机质的相关性.主成分分析表明,土壤酶活性在林地土壤质量体系中扮演着重要角色,其中脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶可作为林地土壤质量评价的指标.撂荒具有更好地恢复土壤养分含量和酶活性的能力,对维持杉木人工林地持续生产力有着重要作用. 相似文献