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奶牛乳房炎是常见病、多发病,很难根治,只有从预防着手。奶牛隐性乳房炎的防制措施如下:1应用盐酸左旋咪唑,剂量为口服每100kg体重用0.8mg,肌肉注射每100kg体重用0.5mg,隔21d用药一次,以后每3个月重复一次。或者在干奶前7d用药一次,临产前10d用一次,以后每3个月重复一次,坚持乳头药浴。2奶牛产后大部分出现乳房水肿,一般15d至20d才能消肿。有时转变成乳房炎,很难治愈。传统的治疗是用抗生素,虽然有一定的疗效,但副作用很大。有的出现肿硬如石,产奶量下降,挤奶不畅;有的不能治愈,最后淘汰。急性乳房炎用抗生素治疗,炎症虽然消了,但奶产量下降… 相似文献
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[目的]为了降低规模化奶牛场乳腺炎发病率,提高奶牛生产性能。[方法]在干奶期对规模化奶牛场奶牛日粮添加盐酸左旋咪唑7．5mg／kg体重和亚硒酸钠维生素E10g／次·头的不同处理方法预防下一胎次乳腺炎的研究。[结果]表明：盐酸左旋咪唑组、亚硒酸钠维生素E组、盐酸左旋咪唑和亚硒酸钠维生素E组与对照组相比,下一胎次产犊后90d内的平均产奶量分别高1．3kg、1．5kg和2．5kg（P〈0．01）;盐酸左旋咪唑组、亚硒酸钠维生素E组间差异不显著,但两者同时使用具有加性效应,可进一步显著提高产奶量（P〈0．05）;下一胎次产犊后15～90d平均隐性乳腺炎阳性率减少6．6、9．2、15．9个百分点,差异极显著（P〈0．01）,盐酸左旋咪唑组、亚硒酸钠维生素E组隐性乳腺炎阳性率差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但与盐酸左旋咪唑加亚硒酸钠维生素E组间有显著差异（P〈0．05）;下一胎次产犊后90d内牛奶中体细胞数（SCC）平均分别减少7．4万／mL、9万／mL和13．2万／mL,分别降低了13．8％、16．8％、和24．7％,各组间差异极显著（P〈0．01）。[结论]说明盐酸左旋咪唑和亚硒酸钠在干奶期添加具有良好的降低乳房炎和提高产奶量的作用。 相似文献
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《中兽医学杂志》2015,(10)
目的:探讨左旋咪唑对乳用高原牦牛隐性乳房炎的防治效果。方法:选择2014年6月-9月我县兽医站牧场放牧乳用高原牦牛60头,随机分为3组,对照组、实验A组和实验B组,每组20头。对照组不用药,实验A组使用7.5mg/kg1次剂量,实验B组使用10.0mg/kg1次剂量,比较3组牦牛投药前后隐性乳房炎的阳性率。结果:实验A组和实验B组在投药之后的隐形乳房炎阳性率均比投药前以及对照组有所降低,其中,实验A组的阳性率又显著低于实验B组,三组相比有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:左旋咪唑对乳用高原牦牛隐性乳房炎具有显著的防治效果,其中又以7.5mg/kg1次剂量效果更佳。 相似文献
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黄芪多糖提高干奶期奶牛乳腺免疫力试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用黄芪多糖对隐性乳腺炎患牛进行乳头直接投药治疗，产后第3天检测奶牛隐性乳腺炎发病情况。结果：用药组与对照组比较，差异显著（P〈0．05），以30mg剂量组效果最明显（P〈0．01），说明用此剂量提高奶牛乳腺免疫力可达到良好效果。从治愈率来看，30mg剂量组治愈率达到最高水平，产后第3天检测治愈率为509／6。干奶前6天与产后第3天各组阳性乳房数差异不显著（P〉0．05），说明产后无新的乳腺炎病例发生，整个干奶期乳腺免疫力保持稳定，干奶前用药对奶牛隐性乳房炎可达到较好的预防效果。 相似文献
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《中国兽药杂志》2015,49(6):38-44
为研究硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂对干乳期奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗效果,试验选择100头临近干乳期的奶牛,随机分成5组进行临床疗效观察,其中I、II、III组分别给予高、中、低剂量的硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂(300、150、75 mg)治疗;IV组给予对照药物氨苄西林钠+氯唑西林钠乳房注入剂4.5 g(氨苄西林0.25 g+氯唑西林0.5 g)/支治疗;V组为空白对照组。间隔3周,各组随机选择10头奶牛以相同剂量追加一次用药。试验结果显示,高、中剂量硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂治疗干乳期奶牛乳房炎的头、乳区清除率均为75%~100%,头、乳区新增感染率分别为0~16%、0~7%;1次用药和2次用药对治疗奶牛乳房炎效果无显著性差异(P0.05)。综合比较后认为,每个乳区单次注入1支(3 g∶150 mg)硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂效果更好,能显著降低乳房内链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等的细菌感染率(P0.01),并能有效预防和治疗干乳期奶牛乳房炎。 相似文献
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阿莫西林钠对奶牛乳房炎的防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗试验结果表明,以5 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射阿莫西林钠,1日2次,连用3 d,治愈率达91.3%,对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗结果表明:治疗组产犊后隐性乳房炎乳区阳性率分别为78.6%和7.1%,与青霉素-链霉素粉针药物对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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Chenault JR McAllister JF Chester ST Dame KJ Kausche FM Robb EJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(10):1634-1639
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride sterile suspension administered parenterally for treatment of acute postpartum metritis (APM) in dairy cows. DESIGN: Multilocation, randomized block, field trial. ANIMALS: 406 cows in the first 14 days postpartum. PROCEDURE: Cows with rectal temperatures > or = 39.5 degrees C (103.1 degrees F) without clinical signs of respiratory or gastrointestinal tract disease and with a fetid vaginal discharge were allocated randomly in blocks of 3 to 3 treatment groups: sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution administered at a dosage of 2 mL/45.4 kg (2 mL/100 lb), SC or IM, once daily for 5 days (control); or ceftiofur hydrochloride administered at a dosage of 1.1 or 2.2 mg of ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg (0.5 or 1 mg/lb, respectively), SC or IM, once daily for 5 days. Cows were evaluated on days 6, 10, and 14, and clinical cure or failure to cure was determined. Clinical cure was defined as no additional antimicrobial treatment administered, rectal temperature < 39.5 degrees C, and absence of a fetid vaginal discharge. RESULTS: On day 14, clinical cure rates were 77%, 65%, and 62% for the 2.2 mg of CE/kg, 1.1 mg of CE/kg, and control groups, respectively. No significant differences were detected in clinical cure rates between control and treatment groups on day 10 or 6. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ceftiofur hydrochloride administered at a dosage of 2.2 mg of CE/kg, SC or IM, once daily for 5 days was efficacious for treatment of APM in dairy cows. 相似文献
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大豆黄酮对奶牛血清钙、磷及葡萄糖水平的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究大豆黄酮对奶牛血清钙、磷和葡萄糖水平的影响,40头胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分成4组(n=10),试验组奶牛日粮中分别添加45mg/kg、60mg/kg和75mg/kg的大豆黄酮,在试验前及试验开始后第10d、20d和30d采颈静脉血,测定四组奶牛血清钙、磷和葡萄糖水平。结果表明:与对照组相比较,Dal组中血清钙、磷和葡萄糖变化均不显著;Da2组血清钙在第30d时显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Da3组第10d和20d时血清钙水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),第30d时血清钙水平极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而血糖水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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This study was carried out in dairy cattle with the NSAID meloxicam to investigate possible drug effects on different reproductive parameters as well as on the progeny. Forty-one cows received intravenous injection of either meloxicam (Metacam® 20 mg/mL solution for injection) or placebo at a dose volume of 7.5 mL/100 kg, corresponding to a dose of 1.5 mg meloxicam/kg, i.e. three times the recommended therapeutic dose. Treatment was performed in each phase of reproduction, i.e. once prior to breeding, twice shortly after breeding, once at the beginning of the second and third trimester of gestation and once at the end of the third trimester of gestation. Offspring of the cows were weighed and clinically examined for vitality at birth and after 28 days. No relevant difference between the meloxicam and control group was found in the reproductive performance of the cows or in the body weight development or vitality of the calves. 相似文献
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Estimation of milk production losses due to sub-clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Costa Rica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Five dairy farms, situated on the slopes of the volcano Poás in the pre-mountain cloud forest ecological zone, Alajuela and Heredia Provinces, Costa Rica, provided data for estimation of the production losses due to sub-clinical mastitis. Within the same farm, cows with proven sub-clinical mastitis were matched with cows without signs of sub-clinical mastitis, according to breed, lactation number and days in lactation. A total of 529 cows were detected with sub-clinical mastitis, of which only 200 could be paired with control cows free of mastitis; each pair was used only once.
Crude milk production losses per cow with sub-clinical mastitis were estimated at 1.56 kg day−1for daily milk yield. Milk production loss per affected quarter due to sub-clinical mastitis was estimated to be 17.6% on average. The decrease in milk production in heifers with sub-clinical mastitis did not differ significantly from the decrease in production in older cows. No significant difference in milk production loss was detected when the data were stratified on parity or the number of quarters affected. 相似文献
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Efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride for treatment of experimentally induced colibacillosis in neonatal swine 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R J Yancey R A Evans D D Kratzer J B Paulissen S G Carmer 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(3):349-353
Ceftiofur hydrochloride was tested for effectiveness against induced colibacillosis in neonatal swine. In this model, pigs less than 12 hours old were inoculated via stomach tube with a virulent, K99+, nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Six hours after challenge exposure, 1 dose of ceftiofur was administered either IM or orally in experiment 1 and orally only in experiment 2. Mortality, shedding of bacteria, fecal consistency scores, and body weight changes were monitored for 10 days. In experiment 1 (n = 383 pigs), all treatments at dosage that ranged between 0.5 and 64.0 mg of ceftiofur/kg of body weight significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced mortality, bacterial shedding, and diarrhea and increased weight gain, compared with findings in untreated controls. There were no detectable differences between oral and IM routes, except that there was greater reduction in bacteria shedding associated with the oral route of administration. In experiment 2 (n = 505 pigs), ceftiofur was administered orally either once at 6 hours after challenge exposure or twice at 6 and at 48 hours after the first dose. Dosage of ceftiofur was 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 mg/kg administered once, or half the same dose was administered at each of 2 times. At the optimal dosage (10 mg/kg), a single dose was as effective as 2 doses. The single administration at all dosages reduced mortality, bacterial shedding, and diarrhea scores and increased body weight gain, compared with findings in untreated pigs (P less than 0.01). In this induced infection model, the optimal treatment dosage was determined to be 10 mg/kg administered once. 相似文献
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The short- and long-term treatment efficacy of administrating penicillin for bovine subclinical mastitis during lactation when using intramuscular (IM; 9.5 mg [15,000 IU]/kg bodyweight of benzyl penicillin potassium) injections twice daily for 5 days, or intramammary (IMM; 0.3g [300,000 IU] penethamate hydroiodide) administration once daily for 5 days was compared with a control group receiving no treatment. One hundred and twenty-six cows met the inclusion criteria, which were lack of clinical symptoms, no recent treatment with antimicrobials, and findings of penicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, or Streptococcus uberis in combination with an inflammatory reaction. At follow-up 42-58 days after treatment, the proportion of cows negative for the original infection was significantly higher in IM and IMM groups compared to controls, but the difference between antimicrobial treatment groups was not significant. The udder quarter milk somatic cell count (SCC) was significantly lower at follow-up in IM and IMM groups than in controls, but milk production did not differ between treatments. The culling rate during the 10-month period following treatment was significantly higher in the group treated with IMM penicillin than in the other two groups, but the risk of new mastitis treatments within 10 months did not differ between the three groups. The cure rate was significantly affected by lactation number (lower in older cows), breed (lower in the Swedish Holstein breed), pathogen (lower for S. aureus), and pre-treatment SCC (higher for above average SCC). In conclusion, beneficial long-term effects of antimicrobial treatment during lactation of subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus, Str. dysgalactiae or Str. uberis were not found in the present study. 相似文献
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Tulathromycin is a new injectable macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases of swine and cattle. In this study, 37 foals with sonographic evidence of lung abscesses were treated with tulathromycin (2.5mg/kg intramuscularly [IM] once weekly, group 1) and 33 foals (group 2) with a combination of azithromycin (10mg/kg per os [PO] once daily for the first seven days of therapy, thereafter every other day) and rifampin (10mg/kg PO twice daily). The bacterial aetiological agent was not determined. The foals were only mildly sick and the median number of pulmonary abscesses was 1.4 (group 1) and 1.6 (group 2). Thirty foals in each group were treated without modifying therapy protocols until all clinical signs of disease had subsided. Tulathromycin was administered for a mean of 53 days, and azithromycin/rifampin for 42 days. The following side effects were associated with tulathromycin (279 IM injections): self-limiting diarrhoea in 11 foals; elevated temperature in six foals, and swellings at the injection site in 12 foals. This study provides some evidence that tulathromycin is well tolerated and appears promising for the treatment of pulmonary abscesses in foals. 相似文献
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Kutila T Suojala L Lehtolainen T Saloniemi H Kaartinen L Tähti M Seppälä K Pyörälä S 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2004,27(4):197-202
The effect of bovine lactoferrin (Lf) was studied in experimental Escherichia coli mastitis, using enrofloxacin as a comparator. Mastitis was induced in six clinically healthy primiparous dairy cows by infusing 1500 colony-forming units of E. coli into a single udder quarter. The challenge was repeated into a contralateral quarter of the same cows 3 weeks later. At the first challenge, three cows were treated with 1.5 g of bovine lactoferrin intramammarily three times (12, 20 and 36 h postchallenge, PC), and the other three cows received 5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin (Baytril) parenterally (12, 36 and 60 h PC). Flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg) was administered to all cows twice at 24-h intervals. During the second challenge, the treatments for the two groups were reversed. Intramammary challenge with E. coli produced clinical mastitis in all cows, but the severity of the disease varied markedly. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were observed in clinical signs such as rectal temperature, rumen motility and general attitude. Milk somatic cell count, daily milk yield and bacterial counts in cows treated with Lf and those receiving enrofloxacin also did not differ significantly. However, a trend for a more rapid elimination of bacteria was seen in the cows treated with enrofloxacin. Milk NAGase activity also decreased significantly faster in the group treated with enrofloxacin. The concentration of lipopolysaccharide in milk compared with the number of bacteria was significantly lower in Lf than in enrofloxacin-treated cows (20 h PC). 相似文献
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高寒地区秋冬季荷斯坦奶牛补饲优质饲料对采食量泌乳性能和乳房炎发病率的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(3):27-27
[目的]旨在研究高寒地区荷斯坦奶牛优化补饲方案的推广价值。[方法]实验选取A、B牧场无临床型乳房炎健康泌乳牛为研究对象,将两座实验牧场奶牛,分别各自分为实验组和对照组。实验组饲喂优质补饲日粮,对照组饲喂传统日粮,实验牛只每天放牧5 h。实验期为60 d,10 d为预饲期,50 d为实验期。[结果]A、B牧场实验组补饲的日粮干物质采食量分别为15.77、16.11 kg/d,明显高于对照组（14.02、14.47 kg/d）。A牧场实验组单产为16.89 kg/d,对照组单产为12.25 kg/d,差异显著（P〈0.05）;B牧场实验组单产为17.22 kg/d,对照组单产为13.21 kg/d,同样差异显著（P〈0.05）;同时A牧场与B牧场实验组的单产在与2014同期相比时同样差异显著（P〈0.05）。A牧场每千克奶饲料成本降低0.26元,与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,B牧场降低0.13元。A牧场实验组的牛奶乳脂率和乳蛋白含量明显高于对照组,分别为3.95%和3.28%,和2014年同期相比分别增长了0.29%和0.22%;B牧场实验组牛奶乳脂率和乳蛋白含量虽然低于对照组,但也达到了4.08%和3.15%。A牧场实验组牛奶体细胞数（39.14万个/m L）比对照组体细胞数（60.54万个/m L）低21.40万个/m L。临床型乳房炎患病牛的比例,实验组低于对照组近2.67%。[结论]高寒地区荷斯坦奶牛可实行优化补饲方案,且能够提高企业和养殖户的经济效益,具有较好的推广价值。 相似文献
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E. O Ewuola 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(6):726-731
In a 196‐day feeding trial, 48 male crossbred rabbits (New Zealand × Chinchilla) were randomly assigned and fed varied dietary fumonisin levels of 0.13, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg fumonisin B1/kg diet constituting treatments 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Five animals were randomly selected, stunned and killed per treatment. Relative weight of various visceral organs examined except heart and adrenal gland were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Liver and spleen weights of rabbits fed 10.0 mg fumonisin per kg were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those fed control diet and diet 2. Kidney and testes weights were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rabbits fed control diet and increased with increase in the dietary fumonisin levels. Histological examination of the organs revealed that rabbits fed diets 2, 3 and 4 showed increased severe lesion of approximately 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively, of the total slides examined for each treatment. Forty per cent and 80% of the rabbits fed diets containing 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg fumonisin, respectively, showed severe necrosis whereas 40%, 60% and 20% of the rabbits fed 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively, showed mild–moderate liver necrosis/lesions as compared with non‐significant lesion observed in the controls. Testicles of rabbits fed diets 3 and 4 showed mild–moderate lesions and sertoli cell degeneration. Tunica mucosa erosion was observed and predominant in the stomach and small intestine of rabbits fed 7.5 and 10.0 mg fumonisin per kg diet. This suggested that fumonisin B1 above 5.0 mg/kg in rabbit diet is toxic to body organs with potential to induce their hypofunction or total damage. 相似文献