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1.
本文用正交试验法研究了马尾松板材脱脂技术，研究表明，影响脱脂综合指标的因素主要有：浓度、温度、处理时间、水与木材的体积比。当浓度为0．5％，温度为80℃，处理时间为8小时，水与木材体积比为3，脱脂处理后综合指标最高。经脱脂处理后力学性能降低较小，色泽变化不大，也不需另外对马尾松材进行脱松节油处理，即可作家具、装潢材料使用。 相似文献
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马尾松板方材脱脂技术是建立在对各种脱脂剂及其各种不同浓度、脱脂工艺,按科学方法进行试验和分析,比较之上的。试验表明采用4~#脱脂剂以C_2P_1h_1工艺条件处理的板方材,脱脂率可达50%左右,脱油率达80%以上。该脱脂剂来源容易,价格低廉,渗透性好,符合脱脂机理。经脱脂处理的马尾松板方材材色均匀,木纹基本清晰,木材的胶合、油漆、着色性能良好;同时,缩短干燥时间,提高干燥质量,材质稳定,易于加工等优点。 相似文献
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马尾松板材的脱脂处理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以福建产马尾松为研究对象，探讨了利用碱性药剂对马导松板进行脱脂处理的工艺。通过正交试验分析了温度、浓度，时间以及水与木材体积比对脱脂效果的影响与原因。 相似文献
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马尾松锯材热压干燥工艺的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对马尾松锯材热压干燥工艺进行试验研究,结果表明,规格为300mm×100mm×22mm的马尾松锯材的最佳热压干燥工艺为:汽蒸处理3h,压板温度为180℃,压板压力为0.2MPa,呼吸间隔为60s。在此条件下,马尾松锯材含水率从80％降至8％仅需22min左右,而影响其干燥速度的主要因素是压板温度,其次是汽蒸处理时间,压板压力影响最小。经热压干燥的马尾松锯材,表面密度均比内部密度大,最大值增加了8.2％。硬度比气干材增加了789～2849N,为气干材的1.3～2倍。厚度收缩系数为0.291％～0.428％,比气干材的值大0.246％;而宽度的收缩系数为0.113％～0.245％。比气干材的干缩系数小。除材色略有加深外,未出现其它明显的干燥缺陷。 相似文献
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1999年国家林业局安排我省林业科技成果推广项目1项，林业新技术新产品中间试验项目2项。安排推广、中试经费45万元。一、马尾松板枋材脱脂保色新工艺该项目推广由湖南省林业工业研究所等单位研究完成的《马尾松板枋材脱脂保色新工艺研究》成果。在全国科技兴林示范县──绥宁县，建立年产5000立方米马尾松板访材脱脂保色新工艺生产线。主要经济技术指标：1．脱脂率在50％以上，脱油率80％以上。处理后板材物理力学性能指标满足使用要求。2．板材基本保持原色。3每立方米板材材综合处理成本（脱脂、保色、干操、废水处理、设备折旧等）在320… 相似文献
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马尾松人工林速生材表面强化工艺综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对马尾松速生材进行汽蒸、热压和表面强化改性处理,建立最佳改性工艺,实现速生材的高效利用.研究得出的最佳工艺为:汽蒸处理2.5 h,热压温度140℃,压力0.4 MPa,涂胶前木材含水率17%,胶种为改性脲醛树脂(UF),涂胶量250 g·m-2.按此工艺,木材含水率由100%降至10%所需时间为43.4 min,体积收缩率0.472%,抗弯弹性模量13 828MPa,抗弯强度98.0MPa,横纹全部抗压强度5.4 MPa,表面硬度为2 966 N,磨耗量72 mg·(100r)-1.与马尾松素材相比,改性处理材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、横纹抗压强度(全部)和表面硬度均增大,同时体积收缩系数和磨耗量也增大. 相似文献
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浅议利用改性技术处理马尾松家具用材之工艺 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用木材改性技术对马尾松进行处理,使之达到制作家具的要求。对马尾松家具用材脱脂工艺的若干技术问题进行初步的探讨,认为采用微偏碱性的盐作为脱脂剂,效果比较理想。 相似文献
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马尾松家具用材改性处理的几个问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马尾松是我国分布最广 ,数量最多的松属树种。利用木材改性技术对马尾松进行处理 ,使之达到制作家具的要求 ,其前景令人鼓舞。作者主要针对马尾松家具用材脱脂工艺的若干技术问题进行了初步的探讨 ,并认为采用微偏碱性的处理药剂作为脱脂剂 ,其效果比较理想。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献