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1.
《林业科学》2017,(9)
【目的】基于前期鹅掌楸生长性状与EST-SSR分子标记关联分析结果,克隆分离与鹅掌楸生长性状相关联的SSR位点相对应的基因,通过分析其序列特征、结构特征、与其他物种同源基因的亲缘关系和表达特性,初步了解该基因在鹅掌楸生长发育过程中的作用。同时,利用遗传转化技术对分离的基因进行功能研究,以期为鹅掌楸生长发育的分子机制研究及功能基因挖掘奠定基础。【方法】以鹅掌楸叶芽为材料,借助其叶片转录组数据库,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆分离与鹅掌楸生长性状相关联的642号位点对应的EST序列相关基因,对其进行生物信息学分析。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测该基因在鹅掌楸花芽、盛花期的叶芽、叶片、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊中的相对表达量。利用Gateway技术构建该基因的植物过表达载体,使用农杆菌GV3101介导的花絮浸染法转化拟南芥,获得T2代转基因植株,直接观察转基因植株表型。【结果】克隆获得与鹅掌楸生长性状相关联的642号位点相对应的基因,该基因全长1 968 bp(GenBank登录号:KU883608),开放阅读框为1 269 bp,编码422个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明该基因编码的蛋白序列含有1个典型的DHHC-CRD结构域,属于DHHC型锌指蛋白家族成员,与其他植物预测的蛋白质棕榈酰基转移酶(PAT)高度相似,并根据与NCBI中拟南芥PAT基因的比对结果,将其命名为LcPAT8。组织表达分析表明,LcPAT8基因在鹅掌楸花芽、叶芽等6个组织中均有表达,在雌蕊中表达量最高,花瓣和叶片中的表达量高于叶芽和花芽,而在雄蕊中的表达量最低。利用Gateway技术,成功构建了鹅掌楸LcPAT8基因的植物过量表达载体,获得T2代转基因拟南芥。与野生型拟南芥相比,过表达LcPAT8基因的拟南芥植株的莲座叶片数目以及抽薹时间没有发生明显变化,而野生型植株大部分角果成熟、叶片枯黄掉落时,转基因植株依然生长旺盛,叶片鲜绿并且还有大量花絮,在野生型植株干枯死亡后,转基因植株还有大量侧枝生长、开花。【结论】鹅掌楸LcPAT8基因在雌蕊中表达量最高,其次是花瓣,可能参与花瓣的扩展、心皮及胚的发育;在拟南芥中过表达LcPAT8基因,明显延长了植株的生长期。因此,鹅掌楸LcPAT8基因可能在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的调控作用。 相似文献
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杨树皮储藏蛋白基因启动子的克隆和功能研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
杨树树皮储藏蛋白BSP是类似种子储藏蛋白的氮素储藏物 ,冬季在韧皮部薄壁细胞中大量积累 ,是落叶树氮代谢中的重要成分。为了研究BSP基因启动子在转基因植物中的表达特性 ,探索其在植物基因工程研究中潜在的应用价值 ,我们用PCR方法从美洲黑杨基因组中DNA扩增得到了BSA启动子片段。与GUS基因融合构建中间载体后 ,转化烟草 ,获得了一批PCR检测为阳性的转化再生植株。经GUS组织化学检测 ,发现若干转基因烟草的茎和叶柄韧皮部以及叶脉都呈GUS染色阳性 ,初步证明杨树BSP基因启动子确有韧皮部表达特性 ,可介导GUS基因在转基因烟草韧皮部特异表达。 相似文献
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【目的】UFO是被子植物中首个被发现的F-box蛋白,主要参与调控花分生组织特性和花器官发育。本文通过对蜡梅CpUFO基因表达特性分析及异源表达拟南芥表型分析,初步鉴定CpUFO的功能,为阐明蜡梅花发育分子调控机制提供参考。【方法】基于前期构建的蜡梅转录组数据,克隆蜡梅CpUFO基因并对其编码蛋白进行同源比对及进化树分析。根据qRT-PCR分析CpUFO基因在不同组织、器官及全年花发育各阶段中的相对表达量,比较35S::CpUFO转基因拟南芥株系及Col-0野生型表型差异,并通过qRT-PCR检测过表达拟南芥株系内源开花相关基因的表达特性,分析过表达CpUFO对拟南芥开花时间以及花器官发育的影响。【结果】获得的CpUFO基因c DNA序列为1 665 bp,编码403个氨基酸,含有保守的F-box结构域。CpUFO在外花被片中表达量相对最高,其次是内花被片,在果、茎、叶、腋芽及雌雄蕊中表达水平较低;而在全年花芽中的表达量分析结果显示,低温打破休眠后的露瓣和始花以及盛开期花芽中的表达量显著高于其他时期。与野生型拟南芥相比,35S::CpUFO转基因株系莲座叶数目减少,开花提前,且拟南芥内... 相似文献
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【目的】细胞扩展蛋白(EXP)作为植物细胞壁的重要组成部分,参与种子萌发、营养器官发育、果实成熟、器官脱落、植物抗逆等植物生长发育过程中的多个环节。通过研究蜡梅细胞扩展蛋白基因CpEXP1启动子活性功能,为研究CpEXP1基因在蜡梅生长发育过程中的功能提供理论依据。【方法】以蜡梅‘磬口素心’为材料,通过hi-TAIL PCR法从蜡梅基因组DNA中克隆CpEXP1基因上游调控序列,利用生物信息学软件,分析CpEXP1基因启动子序列中潜在的顺式调控元件。构建该基因与GUS报告基因融合的植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法在烟草叶片中进行启动子活性的瞬时表达研究,并进一步利用花序侵染法在拟南芥中进行稳定表达,利用GUS组织化学染色和GUS报告基因的实时荧光定量PCR检测,分析CpEXP1基因启动子的活性。【结果】获得了长度为2 485 bp的蜡梅细胞扩展蛋白基因CpEXP1上游调控序列(GenBank Accession:MG452931),序列分析表明该启动子中除含有核心元件TATA-box和CAAT-box外,还包含多个与植物非生物胁迫及组织特异表达相关的顺式作用元件。在烟草中的瞬时表达分析表明该启动子具备驱动报告基因GUS表达的功能。进一步对转基因拟南芥植株的GUS组织化学染色和GUS基因表达分析结果显示,CpEXP1基因启动子在转基因拟南芥种子萌发初期活性较强,在子叶以及幼苗真叶中未检测到GUS活性;在花和根中活性较弱;在成熟叶片中可以检测到GUS活性,特别是在衰老叶片叶柄脱落区表达强烈。此外,该启动子在幼果中具有较强活性,随后启动活性逐渐下降,成熟果荚中仅在果柄脱落处能够检测到GUS活性。同时,转基因拟南芥植株中的CpEXP1基因启动子活性受高温(42℃)、低温(4℃)和水杨酸(SA)诱导,特别是对低温胁迫响应强烈,在4℃低温处理后,转基因拟南芥叶片中GUS基因的表达量是处理前的的8.7倍。【结论】CpEXP1基因启动子在转基因拟南芥不同发育阶段、不同器官中的活性具有明显差异,推测该启动子可能在种子发芽、叶片脱落以及果实脱落中发挥作用,同时CpEXP1基因启动子活性可被不同非生物胁迫诱导,可能参与植物抵御非生物胁迫的调控途径。 相似文献
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木本植物次生维管系统形态建成的基因调控与信号转导研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
树木的次生生长决定着木材的产量,具有重要的经济价值.围绕着草本模式植物拟南芥和木本模式植物杨树,对近年来有关维管组织形态建成的信号机制与基因调控的研究进展进行概括,主要内容为:维管组织的功能与形成;维管形成层的细胞类型及基因表达特异性;木质部和韧皮部细胞极性的有关关键基因;维管形成层干细胞的分化机制;维管组织发育中的激素调控网络.重点对比拟南芥和杨树这2种模式物种之间的异同. 相似文献
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【目的】MYB转录因子是调控植物木质素合成和次生壁形成的重要转录因子之一。本文分离克隆到一个与拟南芥AtMYB20高度同源的橡胶树MYB转录因子基因HbMYB20,并在拟南芥中对其功能进行研究,以期了解其在橡胶树木质素合成和次生壁发育的分子调控中的作用,为橡胶树木材形成的分子调控机制研究及其遗传改良奠定基础。【方法】采用 blast分析从树皮转录组中筛选出与拟南芥 AtMYB20序列同一性较高的橡胶树 MYB 基因HbMYB20;设计 ORF区特异性引物,以树皮 cDNA 为模板进行扩增得到该目的基因 cDNA 序列。实时荧光定量PCR检测该基因在橡胶树叶片、胶乳、茎干以及木质部与韧皮部的相对表达量。构建 HbMYB20过表达植物载体,使用农杆菌蘸花法转化拟南芥,获得该基因过表达转基因株系。采用乙酰溴法和间苯三酚染色法,分析转基因、野生型拟南芥茎的木质素含量以及木质素在拟南芥茎基部横截面中的分布。对转基因、野生型拟南芥茎基部横截面切片进行甲苯胺蓝染色,并测量分析导管、木质纤维和维管束间纤维细胞的细胞壁厚度。最后,采用实时荧光定量PCR分析转基因及野生型拟南芥木质素和纤维素合成相关酶基因的表达。【结果】克隆得到1个橡胶树 MYB 转录因子基因 HbMYB20,该基因开放阅读框( ORF)为927 bp,编码309aa 的蛋白,氨基酸序列分析显示,HbMYB20与AtMYB20/43和 AtMYB85/42同源性较高,属 R2R3MYB转录因子 G8亚组成员。表达分析显示 HbMYB20在橡胶树茎干和木质部中高表达,胶乳中表达最低。对 HbMYB20过表达拟南芥分析显示,该基因在3个转基因株系中均表达;相对野生型拟南芥,转 HbMYB20拟南芥植株生长抑制,木质部和维管束间纤维的木质素染色面积较少、染色程度变浅,茎的木质素含量和木质纤维、导管及维管束间纤维的细胞壁厚度均显著低于野生型;同时转基因株系中木质素合成关键酶基因4CL1和 CCoAOMT的表达量以及纤维素合成关键酶基因 CesA8的表达显著下调。【结论】橡胶树 MYB转录因子 G8亚组成员 HbMYB20,在茎和木质细胞中高表达。拟南芥中过表达 HbMYB20导致转基因植株的矮小,细胞壁变薄,阻碍木质部中木质素的合成和积累,同时木质素和纤维素合成相关酶基因的表达显著下降。由此推测 HbMYB20对拟南芥的木质素和纤维素合成都具有负调控作用,可能是1个橡胶树次生壁发育的负调控因子。 相似文献
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植物非生物逆境胁迫DREB/CBF转录因子的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
综述近十几年来,特别是近5年来国内外DREB/CBF转录因子的研究进展,主要包括DREB/CBF转录因子的结构特点,DREB/CBF基因的克隆、表达调控及其在植物抗逆基因工程中的作用,以及DREB/CBF转录因子研究中的问题与展望,旨在为植物抗逆育种提供理论依据.DREB/CBF类转录因子即干旱应答元件结合蛋白质/C-重复序列结合子,是AP2/EREBP转录因子家族的一个亚家族,拥有保守的AP2结构域,能够特异性地与抗逆基因启动子区域的DRE/CRT顺式作用元件相结合,在干旱、低温和高盐等条件下调节一系列下游逆境应答基因的表达,是植物逆境适应中的关键性调节因子.目前,已从拟南芥、欧洲油菜、水稻、玉米、小麦、陆地棉、大豆和番茄等几十种植物中分离并鉴定出调控干旱、高盐及低温耐性的DREB/CBF基因,并利用这些基因得到抗逆性增强的拟南芥、欧洲油菜、番茄、小麦以及杨树等转基因植株.转基因结果表明,DREB/CBF转录因子家族在植物抗逆品种改良中具有重要的应用价值. 相似文献
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[目的]DET2基因编码一个5α-还原酶,是油菜素内酯(BRs)合成过程中的关键限速基因。研究DET2基因在杨树生长发育中的作用,对于进一步研究油菜素内酯在木本植物中的调控机制有重要意义。[方法]从银腺杨84K(Populus alba×P. glandulosa,‘84K’)克隆得到拟南芥AtDET2同源基因PagDET2,利用生物信息学对其进行序列比对、生化特征分析、构建系统发育进化树。通过RT-PCR分析其在杨树中的表达模式。构建由CaMV 35S强启动子驱动的过表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法转化84K杨,得到PagDET2-OE转基因植株。分析过表达DET2基因对于转基因植株内源BRs含量、植株生长和抗逆的影响。[结果]克隆了包含全长编码区PagDET2基因全长,可编码一个长度为257个氨基酸的蛋白质。其蛋白序列与毛果杨、拟南芥、水稻、棉花、大豆、番茄DET2蛋白同源性较高,说明该基因在进化过程中相对保守。PagDET2在84K杨不同组织中均检测到表达,其在茎中的表达较高。通过ELISA检测植物BRs含量发现,过量表达DET2可以显著提高杨树内源BRs含量。过量表达DET2基因,可以导致转基因植株的高生长,但对盐胁迫更加敏感。[结论]DET2基因作为BRs合成的关键基因,在杨树中过量表达可以显著提高内源BRs含量,促进植株增高。DET2转基因植株的获得为进一步分析BR参与木本植物生长发育的调控机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献