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1.
不同基质对印度紫檀幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在黄心土中添加椰糠、泥炭土、塘泥、过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥进行不同体积比或质量比混合作为育苗基质,培育印度紫檀容器苗,旨在筛选出适宜的育苗基质。结果表明,育苗基质对印度紫檀容器苗苗高、地径、侧根数、侧根长、根瘤菌、生物量、叶面积和叶绿素相对含量等指标的影响非常显著。综合分析评价各项指标,筛选出较适合印度紫檀容器育苗的培育基质为黄心土70%+塘泥30%、黄心土99.5%+钙镁磷肥0.5%、黄心土50%+椰糠50%和黄心土99.75%+钙镁磷肥0.25%。 相似文献
2.
采用黄心土、椰糠、泥炭土、塘泥、过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥6种基质的不同配比,对降香黄檀开展了幼苗培育试验,测定分析了幼苗苗高、地径、单叶面积、生物量和保存率等指标,并计算苗木质量指数,旨在筛选出最适宜的育苗基质,培育优质苗木。结果表明∶不同基质配比处理对苗木生长指标具有明显影响;处理3(V黄心土∶V椰糠=1∶2)幼苗苗高、地径和保存率最好,处理18(黄心土+0.25%钙镁磷肥)幼苗单叶面积、地上生物量和总生物量最好,处理2(V黄心土∶V椰糠=1∶1)幼苗地下生物量最多;按苗木质量综合评比,处理3、处理18、处理2和处理6(V黄心土∶V椰糠=2∶3)均比对照处理1(纯黄心土)好,适合作为降香黄檀苗木的培育基质,而添加椰糠的基质适合作为轻型培育基质。 相似文献
3.
研究通过泡沫容器轻基质试验,筛选适合油茶 Camellia oleifera 苗木培育的轻基质配方。研究结果表明：除不同配方基质间根系表面积在 α=0.1 水平上差异显著外,苗木生长、生物量及根系性状配方基质间、不同油茶材料间在 α=0.05 水平上差异显著。根据生长量、生物量和根系指标进行主成分分析,将配方基质分为三类,第一类是泥炭土 70％ + 珍珠岩 30％（B1）、椰糠 60%+ 珍珠岩 30％ + 黄心土 10%（B2）、椰糠 75%+ 黄心土 25%（B3）,第二类是泥炭土 50％ + 椰糠 40%+ 黄心土 10%（B4）,第三类是纯
黄心土（B5）。配方基质 B2、B3,苗木生长好,适应性强;配方基质纯黄心土,苗木生长较差,适应性一般;而配方基质 B1、B4,1 a 生时保存率极低,苗木适应性差。在油茶轻基质材料中,椰糠是一种育苗效果较好材料。移苗半年生时,除扦插苗保存率较低为 67.8%,普通油茶 C. deifera、高州油茶 C. drupifera、广宁红山茶 C. semiserrata 种子苗保存率都在 80% 以上,至一年时,高州油茶扦插苗和广宁红花油茶保存率仅为 38.0%、45.7%,总体上看,1 a 生苗木保存率偏低。轻基质材料育苗时,使用泡沫育苗容器,其孔口直径应大于 7 cm,容器高大于 14 cm,管理要精细,做好基质保湿管理。 相似文献
4.
《林业与环境科学》2018,(6)
研究通过泡沫容器轻基质试验,筛选适合油茶Camellia oleifera苗木培育的轻基质配方。研究结果表明:除不同配方基质间根系表面积在α=0.1水平上差异显著外,苗木生长、生物量及根系性状配方基质间、不同油茶材料间在α=0.05水平上差异显著。根据生长量、生物量和根系指标进行主成分分析,将配方基质分为三类,第一类是泥炭土70%+珍珠岩30%(B1)、椰糠60%+珍珠岩30%+黄心土10%(B2)、椰糠75%+黄心土25%(B3),第二类是泥炭土50%+椰糠40%+黄心土10%(B4),第三类是纯黄心土(B5)。配方基质B2、B3,苗木生长好,适应性强;配方基质纯黄心土,苗木生长较差,适应性一般;而配方基质B1、B4,1 a生时保存率极低,苗木适应性差。在油茶轻基质材料中,椰糠是一种育苗效果较好材料。移苗半年生时,除扦插苗保存率较低为67.8%,普通油茶C. deifera、高州油茶C. drupifera、广宁红山茶C. semiserrata种子苗保存率都在80%以上,至一年时,高州油茶扦插苗和广宁红花油茶保存率仅为38.0%、45.7%,总体上看,1 a生苗木保存率偏低。轻基质材料育苗时,使用泡沫育苗容器,其孔口直径应大于7 cm,容器高大于14 cm,管理要精细,做好基质保湿管理。 相似文献
5.
文章以黄心土为基础,选用泥炭土、椰糠、蘑菇渣3种常用轻基质材料,设置不同比例组成15种基质配方,通过研究不同基质配比处理下洋紫荆Bauhinia variegata的苗高、地径、地上部分干重、地下部分干重、生物量、根冠比、根系生长,评价其育苗效果,确定培养基最优配比。结果表明:不同配方基质对容器苗的生长有显著影响,处理组Z7(黄心土:泥炭土:椰糠=2:1:1)、处理组Z14(黄心土:椰糠=1:4)、处理组Z5(黄心土:椰糠=4:1)的洋紫荆容器苗综合评价值为0.75,0.63和0.55,Z3(椰糠=1)、Z13(黄心土:泥炭土=1:4)、Z6(黄心土:蘑菇渣=4:1)的洋紫荆容器苗综合评价值为0.32,0.39和0.43。综上所述,黄心土:泥炭土:椰糠=2:1:1的基质配比是洋紫荆容器苗最为理想的轻型基质配方。 相似文献
6.
选用黄心土、椰糠、泥炭土和珍珠岩四种基质,采用混料试验的单形重心设计组配14个配方处理,进行广宁红花油茶(Camellia semiserrata)苗期轻基质盆栽试验,比较不同配方基质对其幼苗生长的影响,从而筛选出适合广宁红花油茶苗期生长的盆栽育苗轻基质配方。结果表明,不同基质处理对广宁红花油茶地上部分与地下部分的影响十分显著,各项生长指标的差异达到显著或极显著水平。在14个配方中,处理M1(60%黄心土+20%椰糠+20%泥炭土)、M2(20%黄心土+60%椰糠+20%泥炭土)、M9(20%黄心土+40%椰糠+20%泥炭土+20%珍珠岩)和M5(40%黄心土+460%椰糠+20%泥炭土)是广宁红花油茶轻基质盆栽育苗的适宜配方。对不同处理基质的理化性状分析结果表明,椰糠在减少基质容重、提高基质持水量与总孔隙度方面的作用明显大于泥炭土,是良好的轻基质材料。不同处理广宁红花油茶生长指标与基质材料含量指标的相关分析表明:对广宁红花油茶地上部分与地下部分的生长,椰糠有较明显的促进;泥炭土只对株高增长有显著促进作用;珍珠岩对各项指标的作用轻微;黄心土对各项指标有较明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
7.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(8)
针对江南油杉造林后蹲苗期长的问题,以提高出圃苗木总生物量和质量为目的,采用2×2×2析因实验设计,研究轻基质复配微生物功能菌对江南油杉苗木生长的影响。试验表明,轻基质配方是影响江南油杉苗木生长的决定性因素,功能菌作为增效剂添加在一定程度上能够提高苗木的存活率并促进生长。主效应结果显示,功能菌对苗高和壮苗指数有显著影响(P0.05),对地径和总生物量有极显著影响(P0.01),且功能菌与基质配方、容器规格均存在交互作用。单因素方差分析结果表明,轻基质配方体积比为腐殖质土40%+椰糠45%+菇渣5%+珍珠岩10%并复配功能菌,同时容器规格选择7.5 cm×13 cm时育苗效果最佳。在江南油杉轻基质容器育苗中,将复合功能菌作为增效剂应用是一项培育江南油杉优质容器苗的有效技术措施。 相似文献
8.
9.
油茶芽苗砧嫁接容器育苗中,将黄心土、松林表土、食用菌残料、泥炭、粪土按不同体积比混合制成5种基质配方,以园土为对照,采用随机区组试验设计,通过方差分析、多重比较,研究各基质对1年生油茶容器苗木生长的影响,从而筛选出最佳基质配方。结果表明,不同基质对油茶容器苗的苗木移栽存活率、苗高、地径粗度、侧根长度影响存在显著性差异。以黄心土40%+松林表土15%+食用菌残料20%+泥炭20%+粪土5%为配方的基质培育的油茶幼苗,各项生长指标均优于对照及其余基质配方,因此可将其作为油茶容器育苗的基质用于推广。 相似文献
10.
采用7种不同配比的容器基质(其中包括2种有不同比例马尾松树皮粉组成的基质)进行西南桦容器苗培育试验,用不同基质的苗木平均地径、苗高和容器重等指标对育苗效果进行综合评价,结果表明:不同基质配比的平均苗高、地径和生物量生长均达到显著差异;G处理(黄心土50%+松皮粉25%+表土25%)育苗效果最好,其次是E处理(黄心土75%+松皮粉25%)、F处理(黄心土50%+松皮粉50%),D处理(黄心土50%+泥炭50%)育苗效果最差。建议在西南桦生产育苗过程中使用适当比例的松皮粉作为容器苗基质。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
16.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
17.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献