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1.
细柄蕈树嫩枝扦插生根过程中内源激素动态特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3年生细柄蕈树实生苗嫩枝为试验材料,运用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA),研究其在扦插生根过程中内源激素含量的变化,旨在揭示细柄蕈树扦插生根的机理。结果表明,与CK相比,以质量浓度300 mg/L的NAA处理插穗,能有效缩短其生根周期;扦插生根过程中,NAA处理与CK的几种内源激素(IAA、ZT和ABA)含量随时间变化的趋势相同,均呈正"V"形变化;NAA处理可调节内源激素,促进不定根的形成和发育;不定根形成期间,NAA处理与CK的IAA/ZT、IAA/GA3和IAA/ABA谷值的出现时间(20 d和30 d)与愈伤组织形成期重合,内源激素的这种节奏性变化反映了生根与生理之间的协同性。 相似文献
2.
【目的】选择扦插繁殖的方式研究花椒无性繁殖过程中的生根和生长特性,探索激素促进花椒根系发生和发育的生理机制,为花椒优良品种的繁育提供理论参考。【方法】以2～3年生‘狮子头’花椒实生苗嫩枝为试材,采用完全随机区组试验设计,进行扦插试验。通过田间调查和室内试验分析方法,持续观测花椒扦插苗的生根进程,测定生根关键物质(可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量),并测定关键生物酶(SOD、POD、PPO和IAAO)活性。【结果】花椒插穗生根类型为愈伤组织生根型,生根过程可分为愈伤组织诱导期、不定根形成期、不定根伸长期、生根后期4个阶段。IAA和IBA处理中质量浓度为250 mg/L时插穗的成活率和生根效果指数最高,NAA处理中质量浓度为500 mg/L时有利于花椒插穗生根。扦插生根过程中,插穗皮部SOD和PPO活性在愈伤组织诱导期和不定根形成期上升,在不定根伸长期和后期下降;POD和IAAO活性在愈伤组织诱导期和不定根伸长期上升,在不定根形成期和生根后期下降。【结论】对比不同浓度不同种类的外源激素处理后发现,适宜浓度的外源激素处理对花椒扦插苗的根系发生与发育有促进作用,并可通过促进生根关键酶活性的提高以及诱导生根物质含量的变化对根系发生进程产生影响。 相似文献
3.
《经济林研究》2021,(2)
【目的】解决传统沙棘硬枝扦插和嫩枝扦插中插穗取材有限、插穗获取费时费工等问题,实现优良沙棘单株短时间内的大量扩繁,降低生产成本,为沙棘扦插育苗生产提供新的思路与方法。【方法】以2～8 cm非木质化的沙棘嫩芽作为插穗进行扦插试验,研究温度、湿度、光照强度、扦插基质、采穗日期等因素对沙棘嫩芽插穗生根的影响,同时使用不同种类、配比及质量浓度的外源激素对嫩芽插穗进行处理,筛选促进沙棘嫩芽插穗生根的最佳激素处理。【结果】促进沙棘嫩芽插穗生根的最佳环境条件为温度25℃、湿度85%、光照强度5 000 lx。环境因素对沙棘嫩芽插穗生根率的影响由强到弱依次为湿度、温度、光照。最佳采穗日期为6月20日—7月20日。外源激素种类、配比及质量浓度对沙棘嫩芽插穗的生根效果有重要影响。其中,IBA+NAA(10︰1)处理中,质量浓度为200 mg/L时,插穗生根效果最佳,生根率达96.7%以上,不定根平均长度达5.8 cm,不定根平均数量为23。以泥炭土+珍珠岩(体积比3︰1)作为扦插基质,插穗生根率较高,且后期根系生长速度快。【结论】6月20日—7月20日采集沙棘嫩芽作为插穗,使用200 mg/L的IBA+NAA(10︰1)溶液处理插穗,在温度25℃、湿度85%、光照强度5 000 lx的环境条件下进行扦插,可以实现优良沙棘单株短时间内的大量扩繁。 相似文献
4.
为探索阜新地区沙棘扦插繁殖最佳的外源激素处理条件,以该地区沙棘(辽阜1号)硬枝为试验对象,研究了激素不同种类、处理浓度和浸泡时间对沙棘扦插生根的影响。结果表明,外源激素的处理对沙棘插穗生根效果有一定的影响,激素不同种类、处理浓度和处理时间下生根效果有差异,其中生根天数、生根长度及生根数量差异不显著(P<0.05);生根率以100×10-6的IAA处理8h的插穗生根率最高,是最佳外源激素处理条件。 相似文献
5.
【目的】为提高青钱柳硬枝扦插的生根率和生根质量，探讨激素配方对不同阶段硬枝扦插插穗营养物质、抗氧化酶活性的变化及其对生根率的影响。【方法】配制10种激素配方处理插穗，根据插穗外部形态变化，分别于扦插第30、45、60 d取样测定插穗可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、CAT和POD酶活性，并于90 d统计插穗的不定根数、不定根长、根径和生根率。【结果】不同激素配方显著影响青钱柳硬枝扦插的生根率和生根质量（P <0.05），其中T3激素配方生根率仅为0.2%，而T6激素配方生根效果最佳，其插穗生根率达到44.1%，不定根数2根，不定根长4.3 cm，根径1.9 mm。随着扦插时间的延长，插穗中淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势，而可溶性糖含量呈持续上升趋势；POD、SOD及CAT活性总体上呈现下降趋势，POD活性对外源激素处理反应较敏感，T6激素配方处理插穗的POD和CAT活性变异幅度明显高于其他激素配方。相关分析表明，膨大期、愈伤期和生根期插穗中可溶性糖含量与90 d的生根率呈极显著正相关（P <0.01），但仅在膨大期插穗中淀粉含量和POD活性与90d的生根率呈显著正相关... 相似文献
6.
7.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(4)
【目的】研究麻楝扦插生根进程中形态、内源激素和营养物质含量的变化,揭示麻楝插穗内源激素和营养物质含量对其扦插生根的影响。【方法】以麻楝6个月生半木质化枝条为材料进行扦插,在扦插后每隔10 d取一次样,记录插穗生根情况,及测定基部内源激素和营养物质含量。【结果】观测证实麻楝嫩枝插穗生根类型主要为皮部生根型,少量为愈伤组织生根型和中间生根型;其生根进程大致分为3个时期:皮孔萌动根原基诱导期(0～20 d)、不定根表达发生期(20～40 d)和不定根伸长发育期(40 d以后)。外源激素处理组麻楝插穗生根进程研究发现,内源激素IAA含量、IAA/ABA值、IAA/ZR值呈"上升-下降-上升"的变化趋势,ABA含量呈"上升-下降"趋势,GA和ZR含量的变化相似,均为"上升-下降-上升-下降"。营养物质含量变化研究中,处理组可溶性糖与淀粉含量均呈"下降-上升-下降"的变化趋势,可溶性蛋白含量变化表现为先下降而后缓慢上升。【结论】麻楝插穗生根过程中,外源激素IBA的施用可在一定程度上提高插穗内源激素IAA、GA、ZR的含量及IAA/ABA、IAA/ZR的比值,降低ABA的含量。较高浓度的IAA和较为稳定的低浓度ZR有利于插穗不定根的发生;低浓度的ABA有利于不定根的形成与伸长;同时较低水平的IAA和GA对插穗根系伸长生长有益。较高比值的IAA/ZR和IAA/ABA有利于麻楝嫩枝插穗生根。外源激素处理加快了麻楝插穗内各营养物质的代谢进程,对插穗生根有利;各处理可溶性糖和淀粉含量显著高于可溶性蛋白含量,变化幅度也较可溶性蛋白含量大,与麻楝插穗生根的联系更为紧密。 相似文献
8.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(10)
以2年生金雀花实生苗为试验材料,采用IAA(900 mg/L)与清水(CK)处理插穗,分析了插穗生根过程中营养物质含量及抗氧化酶活性的动态变化,探讨了生根进程与内源物质之间节奏变化的关联性,旨在为揭示金雀花扦插生根机理、建立扦插繁殖技术体系提供理论依据。结果表明:外源激素处理对金雀花扦插生根时间及生根性状具有极显著影响,处理将不定根发生时间缩短了5 d,各生根性状(生根率79.97%,平均根数13,平均根长71.68 mm)提高为CK的1.5~3.2倍。可溶性蛋白、碳水化合物及各抗氧化酶活性的动态变化表明,各指标的峰值或谷值的出现时间与生根进程高度契合,这反映了生根形态与其生理代谢之间具有高度的协同性。在生根进程中,处理和CK的可溶性糖、淀粉及可溶性蛋白质的含量均分别呈"V"、"V"和"Λ"的变化趋势,但处理加速了可溶性糖与淀粉的消耗速度及可溶性蛋白质的积累速度(三指标含量的谷值或峰值到达时间均比CK提前了10 d,谷值或峰值大小分别比CK提高了6.2%、86.1%和11.2%);处理与CK的POD、PPO和SOD的活性均分别呈现"V"、"Λ"和"Λ"形变化趋势,然而处理显著提高了三种酶的活性(三指标活性的峰值或谷值到达时间均比CK提前了5 d,谷值或峰值大小分别比CK提高了8.7%、4.4%和7.8%)。综上所述,外源激素处理显著加快了营养物质代谢速度和抗氧化酶(POD、SOD和PPO)的合成进程,缩短了插穗生根周期,从而促进了不定根再生。 相似文献
9.
以天然成年植株和温室内1年生、2年生幼苗萌生的当年生半木质化枝条为扦插材料,以不同浓度(500、1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500、3 000 mg·kg-1)的IBA、NAA、IBA+NAA(10:1)、IBA+NAA(5:1)、IBA+NAA(2:1)、IBA+NAA(1:1)等为外源激素处理插穗,以泥炭+珍珠岩(3:1)、蛭石、河沙为扦插基质,对花楸树嫩枝扦插繁殖进行了研究.结果表明:取自成年母树的插穗没有不定根生成,取自1、2年生幼苗的插穗平均生根率分别为79.03%、70.37%,不定根平均长度分别为5.01、4.85 cm,不定根数量分别为19、30根;取自枝条下部的插穗生根效果明显优于取自上部的插穗;采穗及扦插时间在枝条发芽后1.5～2.0个月时为宜;扦插基质选用蛭石或者泥炭土+珍珠岩(3:1);外源激素选用IBA+NAA(10:1)或者IBA+NAA(5:1),以1 500 mg·kg-1为最佳浓度处理,生根率达90%以上,不定根平均长度在6.67锄以上,不定根数量在34根以上;花楸树嫩枝扦插以皮部生根为主,属于皮部生根类型. 相似文献
10.
以5年生鸦头梨实生苗为材料,采用L_(16)(4~3)正交试验设计探索激素类型、质量浓度及处理时间3因素对鸦头梨硬枝插穗生根的影响。以生根率、最长不定根长度、不定根数量和生根时间为测定指标,综合评价鸦头梨插穗生根能力。结果表明:外施激素对鸦头梨硬枝插穗生根有促进作用,插穗最高生根率达46. 13%,最短生根时间为29 d。正交试验3因素中,激素类型对硬枝插穗效果影响最大,处理时间次之,处理质量浓度影响相对较小;其中,激素类型对最长不定根长度和不定根数量的影响达到极显著水平,对生根率和生根时间的影响达到显著水平;处理时间对各生根指标的影响均达到显著水平;质量浓度仅对最长不定根长度和生根时间的影响达到显著水平。综合4项生根指标,鸦头梨硬枝扦插生根效果最佳处理组合为1 000 mg/L的IAA+IBA+NAA(1∶1∶1)混合剂处理插穗30 min。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
16.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献