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1.
据39个日本大麦品种和48个西欧大麦品种对中国大麦黄花叶病毒(Ba YMV)分离物的抗病性反应得出,抗日本BaYMV的大麦品种,多数也抗中国的BaYMV,少数为感。感日本BaYMV的大麦品种,多数也感中国的BaYMV,仅少数为抗病,说明中、日两国BaYMV分离物的致病性差异较小。抗西欧BaYMV的大麦品种,对中国的BaYMV,多数品种为感,少数品种为抗。感西欧BaYMV的大麦品种,多数也感中国的BaYMV,少数品种抗。说明中国和西欧两地区BaYMV分离物的致病性差异较大。中国BaYMV分离物的致病力和日本的相似,都比西欧的BaYMV分离物要强。作者还讨论了造成BaYMV致病性差异的可能原因。 相似文献
2.
调查我国26个省、市、自治区,93个县市,183个取样点,1 373个大、小麦根样本。根据休眠孢子出现频率(有休眠孢子样本数/总样本数)和每克麦根休眠孢子数,将我国禾谷多粘菌的分布区分为3个,多菌区包括江、浙、沪、皖、赣、湘、鄂和鲁的大部分和川、陕小部分,冀个别地区;少菌区包括豫大部和晋、甘小部或个别地区;其余地区为无菌区。分布区主要在长江、黄河和淮河中下游流域。禾谷多粘菌的分布范围比大麦黄花叶病等3种病毒病的分布更广泛。本研究还探讨了我国各地禾谷多粘菌的分离物存在生理分化现象 相似文献
3.
湖北省小麦黄花叶病病原的部分序列鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从湖北省真菌传小麦黄花叶病病毒分离物中抽提病毒总RNA,应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,合成病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因cDNA。对所获得的cDNA克隆进行序列测定及分析,结果表明,湖北省真菌传小麦黄花叶病病毒分离物与小麦梭条斑花叶病毒(WSSMV)、大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)、大麦和性花叶病毒(BaMMV)等病毒CP基因相应序列的同源性均低于70%,而与报道的小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)分离物CP基因核苷酸及编码氨基酸序列同源性均超过97%。表明湖北省真菌传小麦黄花叶病病原应为小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)。 相似文献
4.
发生在我国的小麦黄花叶病毒病 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对山东荣成流行的一种小麦病毒病进行了鉴定。提纯的病毒颗粒为长线状,13×100—300nm及13×350—650nm。汁液接种感染小麦,但不感染烟草、苋色藜等植物。病土、病根以及含有禾谷类多粘菌(POlymyxa graminis)游动孢子的浸液可以传毒于小麦、大麦及黑麦。此病毒与大麦黄花叶病毒(BYMV)、小麦梭条花叶病毒(WSSMV)有血清学关系,与小麦土传花叶病毒(WSBMV)无血清学关系。病叶表皮细胞中有无定形内含体。超薄切片可见风轮状内含体。实验结果表明,荣城地区发生的这种小麦病毒病是小麦黄花叶病毒所致。 相似文献
5.
甜菜多粘菌传带甜菜坏死黄脉病毒的细胞定位研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用砂培体系继代培养不同病区甜菜多粘菌(Polymyxa betae),经酶联检测,分离得到2个带毒率高的分离株N,HR12。应用甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)抗血清和免疫金标记技术分析了甜菜根中P.betae不同发育阶段与病毒的关系。在初生原质体、游动孢子囊以及未成熟的游动孢子中观察到被金颗粒标记的病毒粒子,在休眠孢子外围也观察到金标记的病毒粒子,但在休眠孢子内未直接观察到病毒粒子,只是在其内壁及液泡中常见有标记上的金颗粒。 相似文献
6.
7.
辣椒疫病抗性的浸根接种鉴定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立规模化的辣椒疫病苗期抗性鉴定技术, 将辣椒疫霉人工接种于抗疫病辣椒品种‘ICPN21-03’和感病辣椒品种‘B16144’, 研究了接种菌液浓度?接种时期?病情调查时期和接种方法等对人工接种鉴定效果的影响?结果表明, 接种菌液游动孢子浓度为10个/mL时, 感病品种病情指数为73.37, 可以满足寄主发病的需要; 1 ~ 10真叶期接种均能使植株发病, 但5 ~ 6真叶期接种能反映抗感病品种真实抗性; 接种5 d调查抗感病品种病情指数分别为9.32和73.37, 可明显区别抗感病品种?使用浸根法进行鉴定, 需菌量小, 对接种环境要求小?用37个辣椒品种进行验证, 鉴定结果表明该苗期抗性鉴定技术可很好地对辣椒品种进行抗性水平分级鉴定? 相似文献
8.
感染黄花叶病毒大麦的超微结构研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
不同抗病性的大麦品种,在大田感染了大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)后,从叶片和根的超微结构观察表明:(1)除感病和耐病品种外,首次在抗病性品种中发现有病毒存在,但病毒含量很低:(2) BaYMV对叶绿体结构有一定的影响,外部病症严重的叶片其解体或发育不全的叶绿体比例显著高于无病症的叶片;(3)感病后期细胞中的部分线粒体出现肥大和自溶;(4)感病细胞的细胞膜松弛,在细胞壁和膜之间有代谢物沉积,并有细胞膜溶解现象;膜状结构内质网肥大,有病毒内含体附着其上;(5)感染细胞中除发现片层、单向风轮状和多向风轮状内含体之外,还见到带柄风轮状内含体和堆束状病毒纤维。最后,初步讨论了BaYMV感染大麦后的细胞学变化与外部症状的相互关系以及大麦抗病性品种的抗性机理。 相似文献
9.
用A蛋白免疫电镜技术,检测大麦病汁液中的大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV),其捕获抗血清的适宜工作浓度范围很宽,320-20,480倍均能达到满意的结果;抗原孵育条件以室温(约25℃)下30分钟或冰箱(约4℃)中3小时,捕获到的病毒粒子数量较多。应用这项技术,在稀释3,125倍的病汁液中还能检测到BaYMV粒子,比普通免疫电镜方法的灵敏度至少高5倍。BaYMV在病株中的分布以症状明显的花叶中含量最高,黄化叶中较少,茎和根中找不到病毒。利用该技术可以快速而灵敏地进行大麦品种抗病性的鉴定与筛选。本文最后还讨论了BaYMV的稳定性。 相似文献
10.
将大麦白粉菌(Erysiphe graminis f.sp.hordei)的毒性和无毒性分离菌接接种顺序接种于具有不同抗性基因的大麦品种。不亲和反应所诱导的抗性能降低毒性分离菌的侵染,相反亲和反应诱导的感病性其程度足以增加无毒性分离菌侵染抗性寄主的能力。互作的净效应与单由某一种毒性分离菌接种相比能减少分生孢子的产生最。分离菌之间的每一个互作取决于所采用的寄主品种、病原分离菌和接种次序。先接种无毒性分离菌再接种毒性分离菌常常最易观察到诱导抗性。若先按种毒性分离菌,诱导感病性常常更加明显。不过,在品种Wing上先接种无毒性分离菌,诱导感病性更加明显。在品种Hassan上,先接种毒性分离菌,虽常诱导感病性,但某些时候以先接种无毒性分离菌时诱导更强的感病性。在后一种情况下,尽管无毒性分离菌所致侵染相对较少,但所产生的孢子大多数是由无毒性分离菌形成的。某些事证表明,无毒性分离菌可获得侵染不亲和性寄主的能力。如果没有毒性分离菌的存在,经过几个世代以后这种作用就会消失。 相似文献
11.
M. J. ADAMS 《Plant pathology》1991,40(1):53-58
Improved diagnosis of barley yellow mosaic (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic (BaMMV) viruses was obtained by adjusting the buffers used in immunospecific electron microscopy (ISEM) to ensure a pH ≥ 7-0 and in ELISA by replacing ovalbumin with 10 g/l full cream milk powder.
Over 70% of samples of winter barley with symptoms of mosaic received from different sites in the UK during 1987-90 had BaYMV and 37% had BaMMV, with 11% containing both viruses. BaMMV was much more common on malting cultivars than on those grown for feed and this resulted in an easterly bias to the geographical distribution of the virus. Both viruses were, however, widely distributed in areas where winter barley is grown intensively. A small number of BaYMV records were from cultivars previously regarded as resistant and these are probably a distinct strain of the virus. 相似文献
Over 70% of samples of winter barley with symptoms of mosaic received from different sites in the UK during 1987-90 had BaYMV and 37% had BaMMV, with 11% containing both viruses. BaMMV was much more common on malting cultivars than on those grown for feed and this resulted in an easterly bias to the geographical distribution of the virus. Both viruses were, however, widely distributed in areas where winter barley is grown intensively. A small number of BaYMV records were from cultivars previously regarded as resistant and these are probably a distinct strain of the virus. 相似文献
12.
Serological relationships between five fungally transmitted cereal viruses and other elongated viruses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
F(ab')2 and protein A ELISA tests were used to investigate the serological affinities of five fungally transmitted cereal viruses: barley yellow mosaic (BaYMV), barley mild mosaic (BaMMV), oat mosaic (OMV), wheat yellow mosaic (WYMV) and oat golden stripe (OGSV). Within this group only BaYMV and WYMV were related. Chinese and UK isolates of BaYMV appeared to be similar. In tests using antisera to 29 other elongated viruses, BaYMV was related to one isolate of bean yellow mosaic poty virus (BYMV-G) and OGSV had affinities with BYMV-G, potato virus M, red clover vein mosaic (both carlaviruses) and perhaps Hordeum mosaic virus. The results were confirmed in immunoelectron microscopic tests. No affinities were found for BaMMV, OMV or WYMV. 相似文献
13.
D. Hariri M. Meyer J. Le Gouis N. Bahrman M. Fouchard C. Forget A. Andre 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(4):365-372
The reaction of thirty-four barley cultivars from European and Asiatic origin was analysed in six soils infected with barley yellow mosaic virus complex (BaYMV, BaMMV). These soils were selected from 16 sites for their differences in cultivar response. Amongst the six cultivars carrying the ym4 gene (Esterel, Express, Labéa, Majestic, Réjane, Vanoise), only cv Majestic was infected at one site with BaYMV and BaMMV. Concerning BaYMV, three cultivars were infected on all the soils and 19 on none of them. Twelve cultivars were differentially infected depending on the soil. In the case of BaMMV, four cultivars were infected on all the soils and 19 on none of them. Eleven cultivars were differentially infected depending on the soil. ELISA tests revealed the presence, in these soils, of variants of BaYMV and BaMMV that were able to overcome at least seven of the 12 known resistance genes (ym3, ym4, ym6, ym8, ym9, ym10, ym11) and the resistance of three varieties (Tosan Kawa 73, OU1 and Taihoku A) in which the genetic basis is unknown. Amplification by RT-PCR of the N-terminal region for three of BaYMV variants was performed. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences were determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of a common strain of BaYMV-G. A few nucleotide differences were detected between all the French isolates, but there were no strain specific amino acid differences. 相似文献
14.
大麦山黄花叶病毒抗性突破株系的出现克服了已有大麦抗性基因的作用。本研究通过对大麦黄花叶病毒原株系和抗性突破株系RNA1中包含NIa蛋白酶基因的1Kb区段进行克隆和序列分析,比较两株系的序列差异。表明两者间核苷酸水平的同源性为97.2％,氨基酸水平的同源性为97.3％。根据存在的这些微小差异,人工合成具有株系特异性的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)引物,建立PCR检测系统,以期在大田黄花叶病毒株系鉴定中应用。 相似文献
15.
大麦山黄花叶病毒抗性突破株系的出现克服了已有大麦抗性基因的作用。本研究通过对大麦黄花叶病毒原株系和抗性突破株系RNA1中包含NIa蛋白酶基因的1Kb区段进行克隆和序列分析,比较两株系的序列差异。表明两者间核苷酸水平的同源性为97.2%,氨基酸水平的同源性为97.3%。根据存在的这些微小差异,人工合成具有株系特异性的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)引物,建立PCR检测系统,以期在大田黄花叶病毒株系鉴定中应用。 相似文献
16.
研究比较分析了“青华矮6号”等水稻抗病新品种对我省稻白叶枯病〔Xan-thomonas campestris pv.orvzae(Gshiyama 1923)Dye,1978〕Ⅰ—Ⅳ菌群的抵抗性,它们的抗感性按照品种×菌株的互作反应,可划分为6个类型,以中抗品种“华竹40”为亲本杂交育成的新品种均表现不同程度抗病。其中尤以“青华矮6号”的抗病性最好。“青华矮6号”是采用多系杂交育成的一个纯晚型中迟熟、丰产抗病、米质好的品种,测试证明对广东Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ菌群表现高抗,对优势菌群的抗病等级为1.3～1.4,CK_1(IR_(26)抗病)为0.84～1.2,CK_2(二白矮感病)为6.0,抗性差异达到显著水平,L.S.D=0.77(P=0.05),主要抗性基因为Xa_4。该品种经3年多点大面积验证试验结果,它的丰产抗病性表现一致。 相似文献
17.
Djabbar Hariri Michel Meyer Hayat Prud'homme 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(9):921-928
In March 2002 in a French field, severe mosaic symptoms appeared on plants of the barley cultivar Tokyo with the rym5 locus controlling resistance to all European strains of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Electron microscopic examination revealed that the disease symptoms were associated with the presence of flexuous particles which resemble bymoviruses. From these observations and after enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis it was first determined that the plants could be infected by BaMMV and BaYMV. Mechanical transmission of these viruses to the barley cultivar Magie susceptible to both viruses was only possible for BaMMV. This new pathotype (BaMMV-Sil) from Sillery (Marne Department, 51, France), in contrast to another mechanically transmitted French BaMMV isolate (BaMMV-MF), could be transmitted mechanically to two barley cultivars (Tokyo, Misato Golden), Arachis hypogaea, Datura stramonium and Lactuca sativa. BaMMV-Sil was indistinguishable from three BaMMV isolates from Germany (G), Japan (Ka1) and France (PF) by monoclonal antibodies in ELISA while the Japanese isolate (Na1) and BaMMV-MF were distinguishable from all. The sequence of the 3-terminal region of BaMMV-Sil RNA1 was determined. Comparison with previously published sequence data of capsid proteins indicated that BaMMV-Sil was closely related to BaMMV-Ka1, BaMMV-G and another German isolate (BaMMV-ASL1). Resistance-breaking BaMMV strains able to infect cultivars carrying the rym5 locus have also been described in Japan (BaMMV-Na1) and Korea (BaMMV-Kor). No specific amino acid differences were detected between the capsid proteins of BaMMV-Sil, BaMMV-Na1, BaMMV-Kor and those BaMMV isolates that do not overcome the rym5 resistance gene. These results indicate that BaMMV-Sil is a new pathotype of BaMMV in France and suggests that the capsid protein is not the determining factor of the pathogenicity towards the resistance gene rym5. 相似文献
18.
大豆疫霉根腐病 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
大豆疫霉根腐病是毁灭性病害之一,在我国近年有加重发展趋势。美国、澳大利亚和加拿大对Phytophthora sojae及大豆抗性研究较多,目前已建立了完善的生理小种体系,分离了30多个生理小种,最新定名小种为38和39号。RFLP研究表明,P.sojae的多数变异都可在小种1,7,17和19号中表现出来,因而推测其它小种可能是从这4个小种杂交派生而来,澳大利亚的P.sojae由美国传入。抗、耐病筛选方法有田间筛选法、接种体薄层法、斜板法、下胚轴接种法和豆荚接种法等。选出不少抗病材料,通过遗传研究定名了抗性基因Rps1、Rps-b、Rps-c、Rps1-d、Rps1-k、Rps2、Rps3、Rps3-b、Rps3-c、Rps4、Rps5、Rps6和Rps7等。Rps1-k是目前应用较广的抗性基因,它能抗20多个生理小种。抗性基因Rps1和Rps1-c从被利用到丧失抗性大约是8~10年的时间,按此推算几年之内Rps1-k基因也将丧失抗性,因此主张抗病基因和耐病基因结合使用,不同抗性基因结合使用。 相似文献
19.
W. HUTH 《EPPO Bulletin》1989,19(3):547-553
During the last ten years yellow mosaic of barley has been spreading more and more in European countries and in some infested areas yield loss can only be prevented by growing resistant cultivars. Breeding of such cultivars is one of the most important goals of small-grain breeders. To select resistant cultivars, several methods are available such as mechanical inoculation, growing of plants in infested soil in the field or in growth chambers as well as using root powder of infected plants. The situation has recently been complicated by the discovery that yellow mosaic is caused by at least two distinct but closely related viruses (barley yellow mosaic virus and barley mild mosaic virus). Inoculation methods are not equally effective for these two viruses. Although it appeared initially that resistance to the two viruses was linked, there are now indications that some barley cultivars respond differently, and there may even be a third virus involved. Programmes for selection of resistant cultivars now have to take account of this. 相似文献