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1.
本文对三台核桃进行动态和定态观测，结果表明：牙于3月下旬开始分化，先后顺序是叶芽、雄花芽、混合芽；品种不同，顶（侧牙的抽生情况不同，其中结果母枝粗是影响顶（侧）芽抽生数的主要性状；雄花芽的抽生数大于混合芽的抽生数，雄花序开放至脱落历时16d左右。 相似文献
2.
Bodson M 《Tree physiology》1986,1(1):95-99
Apical buds of evergreen azalea (Rhododendron sp.) were treated with GA(4 + 7) at different stages of development. Treatment of vegetative buds stimulated shoot growth, slightly delayed both flower initiation and development, but increased the number of flower primordia. Treatment at the time of floral transition induced bud abortion at an early stage of the reproductive development. Treatment of inflorescence buds which contained at least one complete flower substituted for chilling in overcoming dormancy and prevented inflorescence bud abortion. 相似文献
3.
氮磷钾配比施肥对油茶花芽生长及分化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给油茶高效栽培提供参考,选择8年生‘长林53号’油茶作为研究对象,按照3因素3水平L9(34)正交试验设计进行施肥试验,筛选最适油茶花芽分化及生长的施肥配比。施加的氮磷钾肥分别为尿素、钙镁磷肥、硫酸钾肥,其有效成分分别为有效氮(质量分数≥46.4%)、P2O5(质量分数≥12%)、K2O(质量分数≥51%)。结果表明:施加氮肥能显著促进花芽伸长,提高花芽分化率的最佳氮磷钾施肥量为N218.23g/株、P71.00g/株、K242.48g/株;在花芽生理分化期(前分化期),施肥处理显著提高了花芽中ABA和ZR含量,ABA和ZR含量与花芽分化率显著正相关;在花芽形态分化期,施肥处理下ABA含量呈现下降趋势,ZR、IAA和GA3含量呈现增加趋势,氮、磷、钾与多数形态分化期内源激素含量呈显著相关。施肥能促进花芽生长,并且通过影响花芽中内源激素含量来影响花芽分化。 相似文献
4.
We used long-term in situ (15)N labeling of the soil to investigate the contribution of the two main nitrogen (N) sources (N uptake versus N reserves) to sun shoot growth from bud burst to full leaf expansion in 50-year-old sessile oaks. Recovery of (15)N by growing compartments (leaves, twigs and buds) and presence of (15)N in phloem sap were checked weekly. During the first 2 weeks following bud burst, remobilized N contributed ~90% of total N in growing leaves and twigs. Nitrogen uptake from the soil started concomitantly with N remobilization but contributed only slightly to bud burst. However, the fraction of total N due to N uptake increased markedly once bud burst had occurred, reaching 27% in fully expanded leaves and 18% in developed twigs. In phloem sap, the (15)N label appeared a few days after the beginning of labeling and increased until the end of bud burst, and then decreased at full leaf expansion in June. Of all the shoot compartments, leaves attracted most of the absorbed N, which accounted for 68% of new N in shoots, whereas twigs and new buds accounted for only 28 and 3%, respectively. New N allocated to leaves increased from unfolding to full expansion as total N concentration in the leaves decreased. Our results underline the crucial role played by stored N in rapid leaf growth and in the sustained growth of oak trees. Any factors that reduce N storage in autumn may therefore impair spring shoot growth. 相似文献
5.
We investigated the influence of bud position, cultivar, tree age, tree carbohydrate status, sampling date, drought and light exposure on the number of leaf primordia formed in dormant vegetative peach buds (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) relative to the number of primordia formed after bud break (neoformed). During winter dormancy, vegetative peach buds from California and Italy were dissected and the number of leaf primordia recorded. Between leaf drop and bud break, the number of leaf primordia doubled from about five to about 10. Parent shoot length, number of nodes on the parent shoot, cross-sectional area of the parent shoot, bud position along the parent shoot and bud cross-sectional area were correlated with the number of leaf primordia. Previous season light exposure, drought and tree carbohydrate status did not affect the number of leaf primordia present. The number of leaf primordia differed significantly among peach varieties and tree ages at leaf drop, but not at bud break. Our results indicate that neoformation accounted for all shoot growth beyond about 10 nodes. The predominance of neoformed shoot growth in peach allows this species great plasticity in its response to current-season conditions. 相似文献
6.
研究刻芽和扭枝对梨不同优系幼树成枝力和成花数的影响,为实现其早果、丰产和省力化栽培提供理论依据。研究方法上采用以6个2年生不同优系为试材,于早春对其主干进行刻芽处理,并对当年发生的侧枝在半木质化时从基部进行扭枝处理,调查统计刻芽后幼树成枝力和扭枝后树体生长和成花状况。研究结果表明,刻芽后,6个优系发枝量分别比对照样本增加了225%、116%、160%、122%、136%、150%,处理样本与对照样本之间差异显著。扭枝对6个优系树高、枝长的影响未达显著性差异,但6个优系均比对照样本的花芽量多,相对而言,杂交优系Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ成花量少,平均每株有花芽2个,处理样本与对照样本之间差异显著,花芽量分别是对照样本的7.0倍、1.6倍、4.0倍;杂交优系Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的花芽量多,平均每株有花芽4.4个,处理样本与对照样本之间差异不显著。综上所述,刻芽能显著地提高梨幼树成枝力,西洋梨×东方梨比东方梨×东方梨杂交优系的成枝力高;扭枝对梨幼树的生长发育影响小,但能提高幼树的成花数,尤其对不易成花的含有西洋梨基因的优系效果更加显著。 相似文献
7.
8.
薄壳红杂交榛具有果个大、果壳薄、抗寒力强的特点.一些山区栽培量较多,但存在因整形修剪不当而造成树形紊乱、结实不多等问题.通过对1年生枝不同程度的短截、长放与拉枝,对多年生枝放任与回缩试验观察,结果表明,1年生枝中截、重截比长放、拉枝在萌芽率、成枝率、雌花芽数和雌花芽率方面明显多,长放、拉枝其萌芽率、成枝率、雌花芽量等方... 相似文献
9.
为给大果榛子的规模引种提供参考,以‘龙榛’品种为材料,就叶芽和花芽萌动期其在冷害和不同光照强度条件下的生长状态进行分析。结果表明:枝条直径生长量方面,遮阴处理的平均值为5.26mm,未遮阴处理的平均值为7.91mm,未遮阴处理的大果榛子枝条直径与遮阴处理的存在极显著差异;芽长宽比方面,遮阴处理的平均值为1.61,未遮阴处理的平均值为1.49,2个处理间差异不显著。在遮阴处理下,大果榛子的营养生长(茎粗和叶芽大小)和生殖生长(花芽的萌发)均受到抑制,全光照条件下生长正常。冷害(≥2℃)并未对大果榛子萌发的叶芽和花芽造成低温伤害,光照强度对大果榛子生长影响显著。 相似文献
10.
The timing of bud development in ecodormancy is critical for trees in boreal and temperate regions with seasonally alternating climates. The development of vegetative buds and the growth of primordial shoots (the primordial shoot ratio) in Norway spruce were followed by the naked eye and at stereo and light microscopic levels in fresh-cut and fixed buds obtained by regular field samplings during the spring of 2007, 2008 and 2009. Buds were collected from 15 randomly selected trees (all 16 years old in 2007) of one southern Finnish half-sib family. The air temperature was recorded hourly throughout the observation period. In 2008 and 2009, initial events in the buds, seen as accumulation of lipid droplets in the cortex area, started in mid-March and were depleted in late April, simultaneously with the early development of vascular tissue and primordial needles. In mid-April 2007, however, the development of the buds was at least 10 days ahead as a result of warm spells in March and early April. Variation in the timing of different developmental phases within and among the sample trees was negligible. There was no clear one-to-one correspondence between the externally visible and the internal development of the buds. The dependence of the primordial shoot ratio on different types of temperature sum was studied by means of regression analysis. High coefficients of determination (R(2)?≈?95%) were attained with several combinations of the starting time (beginning of the year/vernal equinox), the threshold value (from -3 to +5 °C), and the time step (hour/day) used in the temperature summation, i.e., the prediction power of the primordial shoot ratio models turned out to be high, but the parameter estimate values were not unambiguous. According to our results, temperature sums describe the growth of the primordial shoot inside the bud before bud burst. Thus, the results provide a realistic interpretation for the present phenological models of bud development that are based on temperature sums and external observations of bud burst only, and they also provide new tools for improving the models. 相似文献
11.
在保定郊区建立４种密度的香椿矮化密植园，根据４年的研究，１～４年内以最高密度（３．８株／ｍ２）和高密度（２．５株／ｍ２）的产芽量最高，第４年采完芽后，对最高密度应进行疏伐，保留２．５株／ｍ２；中密度（１．７４株／ｍ２）和低密度（０．８３株／ｍ２）５～１０年内可以不疏伐。结合采芽进行两种方式的整形，即矮干多侧枝型和灌丛型。前者的总产量较高，且可提早１年采芽。采芽３年后，两种整形方式的年产量已无显著差异。采芽与整形相结合，可以促进侧枝和树冠的形成。但是，高密度严重抑制侧枝形成和存活，以至不能形成树冠。矮化密植香椿园第３年的产芽量最高可达５２００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，年均纯收益为３８９４０元／ｈｍ２。 相似文献
12.
砀山酥梨花芽分化及开花物候期观察研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定砀山酥梨花芽分化时期,了解其开花过程,试验以砀山酥梨短枝顶芽为试材,采取田间摘叶法,统计花芽的生理分化时期;通过徒手切片、利用OlympusBX51显微镜拍摄记录花芽形态分化不同阶段的纵切面图片。结果表明,砀山酥梨花芽的生理分化始于6月初,持续到7月中下旬;花芽形态分化始期发生在7月下旬,9月中旬为雄蕊出现期,雌蕊出现期在10月中下旬。次年3月下旬,花芽开始膨大,经历花序伸长、花序分离、白蕾期、大蕾期、初花期、盛花期、末花期和谢花期,4月中旬,开花物候期结束。试验结果为促进砀山酥梨花芽分化、提高果实产量与品质,于花期采取适当的栽培管理措施,提供了理论依据。 相似文献
13.
Beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) were grown in various combinations of three photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD, 0.7, 7.3 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1)) for two years in a controlled environmental chamber. Dry mass of leaves, stem and roots, leaf area and number of leaves, and unit leaf rate were affected by both previous-year and current-year PPFD. Number of shoots and length of the main shoot were affected by previous-year PPFD but not by current-year PPFD. Number of leaves per shoot did not change with PPFD, whereas leaf dry mass/leaf area ratio was mainly affected by current-year PPFD. During the first 10 days that newly emerged seedlings were grown at a PPFD of 0.7 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1), transpiration rate per unit leaf area declined. Thereafter, transpiration increased to a constant new rate. Transpiration rate per seedling was closely related to leaf area but the relationship changed with time. In two-year-old seedlings grown at various PPFD combinations of 0.7, 7.3 and 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1) during Years 1 and 2, leaf area and transpiration rate per seedling were closely correlated at Weeks 7 and 11 after bud burst. Weak correlations were found between root dry mass and transpiration rate per seedling. During Year 2, transpiration rate per leaf area was higher at a particular PPFD in seedlings grown at a previous-year PPFD of 0.7 mol m(-2) day(-1) than in seedlings grown at a previous-year PPFD of 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1). After transfer of two-year-old seedlings at the end of the experiment to a new PPFD (7.3 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1)) for one day, transpiration rates per leaf area, measured at the new PPFD, were correlated with leaf area and root dry mass, irrespective of former PPFD treatment. 相似文献
14.
Diplodia tip blight is a serious disease of >30 conifer species worldwide. Symptoms are particularly severe on non‐native, two‐needled Pinus species, and typically include stunted, necrotic needles and shoots and a general decline of the tree. Latent Diplodia pinea infections occur in current‐year shoots of some symptomless pines, and in some apparently healthy current‐year shoots of diseased pines. Latent infections also occur in symptomless terminal buds. A histological approach was used to investigate the nature of latent infections in shoot stems and terminal buds of landscape Pinus nigra. Fungal colonization was compared in healthy, diseased and latently infected tissues. A nested‐PCR technique that is specific for D. pinea was used to differentiate latently infected tissues from uninfected ones. Latent D. pinea infections were localized in the outer stem cortex, usually in the vicinity of needle scales at leaf axes. In contrast, pathogenic D. pinea infections were characterized by fungal colonization throughout the shoot stem tissues, even very early in symptom development. The presence of necrophylatic periderms in two of the latently infected samples suggests that host defences play a role in the production and maintenance of latent stem infections. Latent infections of terminal buds appeared to originate from the distal bud scales of axillary buds in the terminal bud cluster, and not from the subtending shoot. Fungal tissues were never observed inside asymptomatic, PCR‐negative shoots. 相似文献
15.
Jonsson TH 《Tree physiology》2006,26(7):905-914
At coastal sites, trees are exposed to marine aerosols that may cause foliar necrosis and shoot dieback, which can result in deformed crowns and contorted stems. A six-year study of leaf primordia in terminal buds of black cottonwood trees (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) on Heimaey Island off the south coast of Iceland was undertaken to elucidate the physiological events associated with salt-deposition-related bud failure. Leaf and bud lengths, dry mass, water content and chloride concentrations were monitored and related to four phenological stages: (1) bud set; (2) dormancy induction; (3) dormancy release; and (4) bud break. The trees set buds in July and shed their leaves by late September. Leaf primordia generally stopped growing by September 10 +/- 22 days and attained midwinter water content in late September. Leaf growth commenced in the terminal buds by March 2 +/- 16 days, but mean dates of bud swelling and bud break were April 29 +/- 19 and May 10 +/- 12 days. In summer and until November, chloride concentrations in leaf primordia were low, but increasing. Chloride concentrations remained stable from December to February, even though the dormant trees were exposed to large amounts of marine aerosols. In February and March, three events occurred more or less simultaneously: (1) leaf extension growth commenced; (2) chloride concentration surged in the leaf primordia; and (3) the leaf primordia began to hydrate. Following dormancy release, growth and hydration of leaf primordia were negatively related to chloride concentration in the leaf primordia, with inhibition of leaf growth, tissue hydration and chloride acquisition occurring at a chloride concentration threshold estimated at 7.3 mg Cl- g(-1) tissue water. Necrosis of leaf primordia was observed above 14 mg Cl- g(-1) tissue water. Growth and hydration of leaves at bud break in mid-May was explained by a three-parameter logistic model of chloride concentration in leaf primordia at the end of March. By mid-May, 90% of all buds remained non-necrotic, but only 56% the terminal buds had broken. Salt alone explained the observed growth suppression of leaf primordia in the buds and the resultant failure of terminal buds to break by mid-May. 相似文献
16.
Early season leaf growth depends largely on nitrogen (N) provided by remobilization from storage, and many studies have tested the effect of N availability to roots on the amount of N provided for new leaf development by remobilization. Although it is well known that the light regime experienced by a leaf influences the amount of N per unit leaf area (LA), the effect of the local light regime on the amount of N derived either directly from root uptake or from remobilization for early season leaf growth has never been tested at an intra- canopy scale. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative importance of (1) N availability to roots, (2) local light regime experienced by the foliage (at the shoot scale) and (3) leaf rank along the shoot, on the total amount of N allocated to leaves and on the proportions of N provided by remobilization and root uptake. To quantify the importance of N uptake and remobilization as sources of leaf N, potted hybrid walnut trees (Juglans nigra L. x regia L.) were grown outdoors in sand and fed with a labeled ((15)N) nutrient solution. By removing the apical bud, the trees were manipulated to produce only two shoots. The experimental design had two factors: (1) high (HN; 8 mol N m(-3)) and low (LN; 2 mol N m(-3)) N availability; and (2) high (HL; 90% of incident photosynthetically active photon flux (PPF)) and low (LL; 10% of incident PPF) light. Total leaf N per tree was unaffected by either N availability or irradiance. The HN treatment increased the amount of leaf N derived from root uptake at the whole-tree scale (typically around 8 and 2% in the HN and LN treatments, respectively). Nitrogen allocation within foliage of individual trees was controlled by the local light regime, which strongly affected individual leaf characteristics as leaf mass per unit LA and area- based amount of leaf (N(a)). Decreasing the light availability to a branch decreased the amount of N allocated to it, benefiting the less shaded branches. In contrast, shading of the lower branch did not affect the fraction of total leaf N remobilized for either the lower, shaded branch or the upper, unshaded branch. The relevance of these findings for tree growth modeling is discussed. 相似文献
17.
核桃高效采穗圃系统修剪技术研究Ⅰ不同枝条类型接穗的利用率 总被引：11，自引：9，他引：2
调查分析了云新核桃品种内和品种问叶芽与混和芽发育强枝方块芽比例和室内枝接枝条利用率；不同品种混和芽发育1、2次强枝之间方块芽比例；云新核桃品种弱枝方块芽比例和枝室内枝接枝条利用率；并作了相关的方差分析。提出了修剪管理时应加强提高叶芽比例；增施基肥；6～7月方块芽接时以混合芽发育1次枝为主；采穗时以强枝为主等相应的管理措施。 相似文献
18.
1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy was used to study freezing behavior in wintering leaf buds of Momi fir (Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.). The images acquired predominantly reflected the density of mobile (i.e., non-ice) protons mainly from unfrozen water. By comparing images taken at various subfreezing temperatures, we determined which tissues produced the high and low temperature exotherms detected by differential thermal analyses. Typical extra-organ freezing was successfully imaged in leaf buds of A. firma. The bud scales readily froze at -7 degrees C, but shoot primordia remained supercooled to -14 degrees C in December buds and to -21 degrees C in March buds. The size of supercooled shoot primordia was reduced with decreasing temperature, indicating a gradual decrease in water content of the shoot primordia. In contrast, the signal from shoot primordia of P. densiflora disappeared between -7 and -14 degrees C, corresponding to the high temperature exotherm at -8 degrees C, indicating extracellular freezing of the shoot primordia. The xylem and bark tissues readily froze at -7 degrees C in A. firma and between -7 and -14 degrees C in P. densiflora. We conclude that NMR microscopy can noninvasively provide more spatially specific information about freezing behavior in leaf buds than traditional methods such as differential thermal analysis. In particular, it allows the organized and harmonized freezing behaviors in complex organs to be visualized directly thereby revealing the diversity of mechanisms involved in freezing behaviors. 相似文献
19.
毛竹笋用林覆盖对竹鞭生长及竹笋产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对林地覆盖条件下土壤温度及竹鞭和竹笋生长的变化进行了研究。结果表明:毛竹笋用林覆盖使土壤温度得到明显提高,其土深20、40和60cm处的土壤温度分别比未覆盖林地相应提高12.5、12.8和11.3℃,而各土层间温度差异不显著;覆盖和未覆盖的平均鞭芽数量分别为5.00万个/667m2和3.86万个/667m2;鞭芽的萌发率随鞭龄的增加而提高,1~2年生、3~4年生、5~6年生鞭的鞭芽萌发率分别为10.4%、51.4%和64.6%;覆盖后对毛竹笋用林大小年现象影响明显,出笋小年竹笋产量可达1000 kg/667m2以上,大小年春笋产量比为1:0.61~1:0.97。 相似文献