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1.
不同土壤条件对酿酒葡萄生理及果实品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
【目的】为了探索不同土壤条件对酿酒葡萄生理及果实品质的影响,【方法】以‘蛇龙珠’酿酒葡萄为试材,研究了宁夏贺兰山东麓地区,黄河淤土、含石的沙壤土和风沙土3种土壤对葡萄糖分卸载的影响,测定了不同土壤栽培条件下葡萄果实的单果质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性总糖、色素、单宁及葡萄叶片的光合速率。【结果】结果表明,在葡萄开始着色至葡萄完全成熟期间,在含石的沙壤土栽培条件下葡萄可溶性总糖含量(22.4%)比黄河淤土栽培条件下和风沙土栽培条件下分别高7%、9%;葡萄色素(5.14 mg.g-1)和叶片光合速率也最高,黄河淤土栽培条件下葡萄的含酸量(8.28 g.L-1)和单粒质量(2.32 g)较高,然而,风沙土条件下,单宁(籽单宁1.15 mg.g-1,皮单宁0.30 mg.g-1)的含量最高。【结论】土壤条件对酿酒葡萄果实品质影响较为显著,含石的沙壤土条件下葡萄品质最佳。 相似文献
2.
以‘北玫’葡萄为试材,采用HPLC法测定葡萄果实中单体酚类物质的含量,研究了成熟期不同土壤含水量处理对果实品质和酚类物质含量的影响,以期为贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区酿酒葡萄品质的提高提供参考依据。结果表明:降低土壤含水量处理可以提高果实中可溶性总糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量。50%~60%相对土壤含水量处理极显著提高了采收期果实中甲基花青素、花翠素葡萄糖苷的含量,显著提高了二甲花翠素的含量;总花色苷和单宁含量极显著高于CK,总酚含量也显著高于CK。对采收期果实中酚类物质指标进行主成分分析,50%~60%相对土壤含水量处理综合得分最高。 相似文献
3.
对2007年从吉林松原职业技术学院引种的2个抗寒酿酒葡萄品种"左优红"和"双红"进行了栽种于宁夏贺兰山东麓引种栽培试验。结果表明:经过5a的观察研究,2个品种在宁夏生长良好,定植后第3年就进入结果期,其中"双红"葡萄浆果于当地的8月中旬进入成熟期,总糖含量为17.2%,3a生产量可达700kg/667m2。"左优红"葡萄浆果于当地8月下旬进入成熟期,总糖含量为18.1%,3a生产量可达730kg/667m2。 相似文献
4.
Demir Kok 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2018,60(3):253-259
Uneven skin coloration of early ripening table grapes is characterized by a lack of coloring berries within a cluster and the failure of some berries to develop color even with an uncertain delay of harvest. Biostimulants and plant growth regulators are known to have considerable roles on skin color development in the course of grape maturation. This study was carried out to compare the effects of different biostimulant doses, including 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000?ppm (BSt 0, BSt 1, BSt 2 and BSt 4, respectively) with or without gibberellic acid (GA3; 20?ppm) on grape characteristics and chemical composition of early ripening cv. Cardinal grape. Study results of cv. Cardinal grape revealed that alone effects of biostimulant doses had more effective on grape characteristics, total anthocyanin content and total phenolic compounds content from phytochemical characteristics. Although different foliar spray applications had varying effects on physical and chemical parameters; BSt 2 application had especially more superior effects on grape growth and phytochemical characteristics of cv. Cardinal grape. 相似文献
5.
Mojmir Baron Jiri Sochor Lenka Tomaskova Bozena Prusova Michal Kumsta 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(4):253-262
The estimation of antioxidants in fruit, vegetables, beverages, and foodstuffs has been discussed in a great number of scientific studies, but until now, problems concerning the analysis of antioxidant components of rosé wine has not been adequately investigated. This paper presented results of a study on antioxidant components contained in some samples of rosé wine originating from the Moravian wine growing region. The experiments involved altogether 48 samples of rosé wine made of grapes of the varieties ‘Blaufränkisch’, ‘Blauer Portugieser’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Sankt Laurent’, and ‘Zweigeltrebe’. Grapes were harvested in 2013. Spectrophotometry was used to estimated antioxidant activity (53–73?mg?L?1 GAE), content of total polyphenols (152–369?mg?L?1), hydrocinnamic acid (52–148?mg?L?1), flavonols (25–294?mg?L?1) and anthocyanins (88–1754?mg?L?1). The HPLC method was used for the detection of some important antioxidants, i.?e. catechin, epicatechin, malvidin-3-glucoside, cis- and trans-resveratrol, ferrulic acid, coumaric acid and caftaric acid. This study enabled to determine basic profiles of the most important antioxidant components of the most popular Moravian red grapevine varieties. The studied wines were analyzed from several different aspects, which is not standard. 相似文献
6.
Harvesting season for green asparagus can be extended by the use of the mother fern method and greenhouse cultivation. To evaluate seasonal variations in nutritional quality of green asparagus, the compositional profiles of fresh spears (Asparagus officialis L. cv. UC157 F1) harvested each month from March to October were compared in two locations of China using mother fern method. During the harvest season, dry matter content, soluble sugar, crude fiber, rutin and total soluble phenol in spears exhibited marked variation. Although there was no significant difference in total amino acid contents among most of months throughout the season, but quantitative changes in some specific amino acids occurred. Fresh spears harvested in warm season (from June to July) contained lower level of soluble sugars, dry matter, ascorbic acid and higher nitrate, crude fiber, total phenolics and rutin contents compared with those in cooler months. Asparagus harvested in spring accumulated relatively higher level of soluble sugar, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents than those in autumn, but total phenol and rutin contents were higher in autumn than in spring. The relationships between weather data and nutritional quality parameters of asparagus spear during harvest season were also discussed. 相似文献
7.
新疆不同葡萄品种果实成熟期酸成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究新疆不同葡萄品种酸成分的含量及差异性,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了新疆20个无核及40个有核葡萄品种的酒石酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸,对各品种的有机酸与总酸含量进行了比较,最后将60个葡萄品种的酸成分进行聚类分析。结果表明,酒石酸和苹果酸是决定总酸含量的最重要因素。无核葡萄品种的酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸以及总酸含量均高于有核品种。60个葡萄品种分为3大类:分别为高酒石酸、高苹果酸类型;高酒石酸、低苹果酸类型;低酒石酸、低苹果酸类型。研究结果为葡萄加工品种的选择提供了科学依据,对葡萄品种的选育与推广具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
8.
斑翅果蝇(Drosophila suzukii)是葡萄的重要害虫之一,为明确斑翅果蝇对不同葡萄品种的产卵选择性及其与葡萄生理指标的相关性,该研究分别测定了斑翅果蝇对3个葡萄品种("绍兴1号""红宝石""紫晶玫瑰")的完整果实和切块果实的产卵选择性,以及各葡萄品种果实的硬度、蛋白质、氨基酸、糖原、可溶性性糖和可溶性固形物的含量,并对各项指数分别进行了相关性分析。结果表明:斑翅果蝇在不同品种的完整葡萄果实中产卵量差异显著,且产卵选择与果实的硬度呈显著负相关。硬度较大的"绍兴1号"和"紫晶玫瑰"葡萄对斑翅果蝇产卵不利,而硬度较小的"红宝石"葡萄利于产卵。同时,斑翅果蝇对不同葡萄品种完整果实的产卵选择趋性与糖原和蛋白质含量呈正相关;不同葡萄品种的氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量与斑翅果蝇对切块果实的产卵选择呈显著负相关。 相似文献
9.
This research was conducted to determine the changes in the seasonal carbohydrates of annual shoots and growth characteristics of 10 years old ‘Trakya ?lkeren’ grape variety. Grapevines are grafted on 5BB and 5C rootstocks and they were grown in heavy clay soil conditions. In the study, changes of sugar, starch and total carbohydrates were determined from bud burst to dormancy. While sugar, starch and total carbohydrates showed significant differences (P < 0.01) there were no differences between rootstocks. Although sugar, starch and total carbohydrates of shoots decreased from bud burst to blooming, they increased thereafter until vegetative growth stopped. Total carbohydrates of annual shoots have been found to accumulate in period from blooming to harvest. Total and mean leaf area, shoot length and diameter, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio showed significantly variation among rootstocks and phenological stages (P < 0.01). Whereas the highest chlorophyll contents were found in the blooming, it was found at the lowest through to harvest. Overall mean and total leaf area, shoot length and shoot diameter, total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio were significantly higher on 5BB grafted vines. In the study, 5BB rootstocks are found suitable in terms of shoot carbohydrate accumulation and growth characteristics for ‘Trakya ?lkeren’ grape variety. 相似文献
10.
葡萄种质资源果形性状的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析葡萄种质的果形性状以及不同类型的果形特点,为认识葡萄种质资源果粒形状特点和育种亲本选择提供一定依据。选取820份葡萄种质材料（286份的性状来自田间实地调查,534份来自《中国葡萄志》和《中国葡萄品种》记载）,对不同类型、种（species）和用途的葡萄果形特点、不同果形单果质量的分布、以及质量与其纵径和横径的相关性、不同年代选育不同果形的数量等进行分析。结果表明,倒卵圆形和长椭圆形的果粒较大,而圆形的果粒较小。欧亚种葡萄中长椭圆形和卵圆形的较多,欧美杂种葡萄中倒卵圆形的较多。鲜食葡萄较酿酒、制干和制汁葡萄果形更丰富且更狭长。黑色葡萄以圆形和近圆形为主,白色和红色葡萄中果形较为丰富。从育种进程来看,早期选育的葡萄果形以圆形为主,之后变为以圆形、近圆形和椭圆形为主,现代越来越多果形相继出现。圆形、卵圆形和倒卵圆形果粒的横、纵径与果粒质量拟合度较好。同一个葡萄品种果粒形状可能存在差异,其中椭圆形变化较为普遍。 相似文献
11.
以湖南省中方县的刺葡萄为试材,采用果实套袋的方法,研究其对刺葡萄果实品质和酚类物质的影响,以期为酒用刺葡萄的生产及酿酒提供参考。结果表明:套袋处理降低了果实发病率;与对照相比,套袋降低了采收期刺葡萄果实还原糖含量,增加了总酸含量;套袋处理还降低了葡萄果实总酚含量、总花色苷含量及总黄烷醇含量,2014年分别降低了21.50%、34.84%、14.38%,2015年分别降低了12.23%、9.04%、14.65%。通过2年试验,套袋处理的单体花色苷较对照分别降低30.47%(2014年)、4.28%(2015年);与对照相比,套袋处理的非单体花色苷酚类物质总量2014年降低了9.05%,2015年增加了15.17%,其中黄烷醇类物质,2014年降低了10.15%,2015年增加了15.53%。因此,套袋对刺葡萄果实品质及酚类物质无提升作用,不适合刺葡萄葡萄酒的酿造。 相似文献
12.
外源脱落酸对巨玫瑰葡萄着色及浆果品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文以避雨栽培巨玫瑰葡萄为试验材料,在转色期用脱落酸(ABA)溶液100 mg/L、500mg/L和1 000mg/L处理果穗,并对成熟过程中果皮花色苷含量、果汁可溶性固性物含量(TSS)、可滴定酸含量和pH值进行了测定。结果表明,三种浓度ABA处理均能促进果皮的着色和果实成熟,但却抑制果汁可溶性固形物含量提高和单粒重的快速增加。其中,ABA 500mg/L处理在显著提高巨玫瑰葡萄果皮中的花色苷含量,降低可滴定酸含量的同时,其可溶性固形物超过上市的最低质量标准,并且能使葡萄果实提早10天成熟,整体上提高了果实品质。 相似文献
13.
H.C. Srivastava P. Narasimhan 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):97-104
In a study of three seed-bearing varieties of guava and one seedless variety changes in size and specific gravity and in the content of water, titratable acid, reducing and non-reducing sugars, tannins, pectin, and ascorbic acid were recorded at intervals from fruit-set to harvest. Respiration rates were also determined during this period.Patterns of change were generally similar in seeded and unseeded varieties, though the sugars and ascorbic acid contents rose earlier and to higher levels in the seedless than in the seeded, and the fruits matured and fell from the trees earlier.Increasing ascorbic acid content, concurrent with declining pectin content in the seeded varieties, is consistent with the hypothesis that pectin degradation and ascorbic acid are linked, but in the seedless variety a rapid rise in the ascorbic acid content occurred during a period of pectin accumulation. The end of the initial rapid decline in respiration rate generally coincided with the beginning of reducing-sugar accumulation. 相似文献
14.
Pedro Domínguez Juan J. Medina Luis Miranda José M. López-Aranda María T. Ariza Carmen Soria 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):228-238
ABSTRACTThere is an increasing demand in the market to improve strawberry quality by promoting human-health compounds content, as these may play a significant role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Strawberry cultivars, environmental conditions, and agronomical conditions have an effect on fruit characteristics; therefore, it is necessary to constantly generate information about the cultivar response to different production areas and cultural practices. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of two planting dates, two harvest dates, and four strawberry cultivars on total phenolic acid (gallic acid equivalent), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and soluble solid content?titratable acidity-1 (SSC?TA-1) ratio in Huelva, Spain. Sixteen treatments resulted from the combination of four cultivars, two planting dates, and two harvest dates. Strawberry ‘Camarosa’, ‘Sabrosa’, ‘Aguedilla’, and ‘Fuentepina’ were selected for both seasons and planted on 7 Oct. (early planting) and 21 Oct. (late planting). Mid-February and mid-April were considered early and late harvest, respectively. Nutraceutical and organoleptic responses were specifics for each cultivar. The highest SSC?TA-1 ratio was observed in ‘Fuentepina’ planted late and harvested early. ‘Aguedilla’ resulted in the highest phenolic content when harvested in the late season. Additionally, phenolic content was significantly higher when using late planting combined with late harvest in most of the cultivars. Late harvested ‘Camarosa’ showed the highest TA concentration, whereas ‘Sabrosa’ resulted in the highest SSC regardless of harvesting date. Additionally, ‘Aguedilla’ and ‘Sabrosa’ showed the highest ascorbic content. Strawberry quality could be improved by selecting the adequate planting and harvesting dates according to specific cultivars. 相似文献
15.
‘香妃’和‘早玫瑰香’葡萄温室与露地栽培单萜积累差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
温室栽培对鲜食葡萄果实单萜积累的影响尚不明确。以早熟鲜食葡萄品种‘香妃’和‘早玫瑰香’为试材进行温室栽培,以露地栽培作为对照。采用顶空固相微萃取(HS–SPME)结合气相色谱—质谱联用(GC–MS)技术,辅助自动质谱图解卷积和鉴定系统(AMDIS),检测葡萄果实中游离态单萜类化合物的含量。共检测到29种来源于异戊二烯代谢途径的单萜类化合物。两个葡萄品种单萜类化合物总含量随果实发育均呈升高趋势,且露地栽培均高于温室栽培,果实成熟期‘香妃’高于‘早玫瑰香’。利用主成分分析(PCA)可以明显区分开温室和露地栽培下的‘早玫瑰香’,但两种栽培条件下‘香妃’的单萜化合物在成熟期愈加接近;整体趋势表现为露地栽培葡萄果实具有更丰富的柠檬烯、(Z)–别罗勒烯、(E,Z)–别罗勒烯、里那醇、β–月桂烯、异松油烯、(Z)–β–罗勒烯、cis和trans–氧化玫瑰、β–香茅醇和cis–吡喃型氧化里那醇。 相似文献
16.
针对酿酒葡萄多主蔓扇形果实品质存在的问题,以新疆玛纳斯县"赤霞珠"(‘Cabernetsauvignon’)、"梅鹿特"(‘Merlot’)、"霞多丽"(‘Chardonnay’)和"贵人香"(‘Italian riesling’)为材料,分析了多主蔓扇形距离地面不同结果部位成熟果实的还原糖、总酸、花色素苷、单宁、总酚等品质指标。结果表明:多主蔓扇形果穗从距离地面40～120cm以上均有分布,不同层的果实成熟品质差异较大,给酿造优质葡萄酒带来困难;供试4个品种果实主要品质指标均以距离地面较高结果部位的果实更好,上层果实还原糖、花色素苷(红色品种)、单宁和总酚含量极显著或显著高于下层;供试4个品种果实含酸量普遍较低,应引起生产上的重视。建议在酿酒葡萄的栽培中采用结果部位等高的整形方式,有利于保持酿酒葡萄原料品质的一致性。 相似文献
17.
杏果实糖酸组成及其不同发育阶段的变化 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
采用高效毛细管电泳仪分离测定了10个杏品种果实中的糖酸组分, 并对新世纪杏与凯特杏不同发育时期糖酸组分的变化进行了研究。结果表明: 各糖组分及总糖含量在品种间都存在较大差异, 但均以蔗糖含量最高, 果糖含量最低; 苹果酸和柠檬酸在品种间差异显著, 根据有机酸组成不同, 可将杏品种分为柠檬酸型和苹果酸型; 在果实不同发育时期, 两个品种果实中总糖含量及各组分的变化趋势基本一致,总糖和蔗糖的含量一直在增加, 而果糖和葡萄糖的含量变化不大。新世纪杏中总酸和苹果酸含量变化趋势完全一致, 都在较高水平上缓慢增加, 而柠檬酸的含量始终很低; 凯特杏中柠檬酸在果实发育前期含量很低, 硬核期结束时含量急剧上升, 成熟前略有下降, 呈“S”型变化曲线, 而苹果酸的变化规律正好与柠檬酸相反, 总的变化趋势呈现反“S”型变化曲线。 相似文献
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以欧亚种酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"为试材,采用分光光度法,系统比较了金沙江流域和澜沧江流域不同海拔"赤霞珠"葡萄果实品质差异及其发育期品质指标的积累规律,以期为香格里拉及世界其它高海拔产区优质和特色葡萄与葡萄酒的生产提供参考。结果表明:较长的日照时长、较强的紫外辐射及较大的温差使得位于海拔2 121m的溜筒江生产的"赤霞珠"葡萄果实还原糖含量最高(265.16g·L-1),总酸最低(4.01g·L-1)。另外,位于海拔2 238m的达日生产的"赤霞珠"葡萄果实总酚、单宁和果皮总花色苷含量最高(分别为8.58mg·g-1、11.54mg·g-1和160.53A520·g-1)。金沙江和澜沧江流域各产地发育期葡萄果实可溶性固形物和还原糖含量均呈升高趋势,总酸均呈先增加后降低趋势。金沙江流域(瓦卡和达日)比澜沧江流域(西当、斯农和阿东)葡萄果实还原糖快速积累期和总酸快速下降期普遍提前2周左右。金沙江流域和澜沧江流域各产地在海拔2 000～2 250m范围内,成熟期葡萄果实中总酚、单宁和果皮总花色苷含量随着葡萄园海拔升高而升高,并均在各流域2 250m附近的葡萄园达最高。随着葡萄园海拔再度升高,到海拔最高的阿东(2 602m),其葡萄果实中总酚和单宁的含量又有所下降,但是果皮总花色苷没有显著变化。金沙江流域2个产地葡萄果实总酚和单宁含量在整个发育期内的积累规律与澜沧江流域4个产地不同,且达到最大值的时期也不同。可能是由于澜沧江流域溜筒江产地的风土条件与金沙江流域类似,其发育期内品质指标,特别是还原糖和总酸含量的变化与金沙江流域具有类似的模式。 相似文献
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以4个葡萄品种为试材,通过叶面喷施钙-锌-硼、芸苔素内酯、黄腐酸、综合处理(钙-锌-硼、芸苔素内酯、黄腐酸)等4种处理,以清水为对照,测定果实裂果率、单果质量等9项指标,比较了营养元素、植物生长调节剂对不同品种葡萄裂果及果实品质的影响,以期达到防治葡萄裂果及提高果实品质的目的。结果表明:4种处理均能不同程度降低裂果率及提高果实品质。其中综合处理较对照组裂果率下降最大,为58.34%~83.19%。除"里扎马特"品种外,综合处理较对照组果实横径(3.41%~9.81%)、纵径(3.46%~9.81%)增加率最大,除"里扎马特"品种外,综合处理、钙-锌-硼处理较对照组单果质量增加率最大(12.10%~23.29%),可滴定酸下降率最大(2.90%~16.92%)。除"香妃"品种外,综合处理、黄腐酸处理较对照组果实硬度(17.61%~43.42%)、可溶性固形物(6.01%~15.20%)增加率最大,4个品种综合处理较对照组果实可溶性糖含量(16.80%~23.75%)、维生素C含量(1.16%~1.35%)增加率最大。主成分分析得到4个品种均以综合处理、黄腐酸处理效果最佳。 相似文献