共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
为揭示亚热带森林土壤N2O排放对林分类型和氮添加的响应特征,选取位于福建省三明市的中亚热带米槠次生林、杉木人工林和马尾松人工林土壤为研究对象,分别设置无氮添加(N0 mg/kg)、低氮添加(N10 mg/kg)、中氮添加(N25 mg/kg)和高氮添加(N50 mg/kg)4个氮添加水平,进行微宇宙培养试验,测定土壤N2O排放。结果表明：与无氮添加处理相比,氮添加整体上降低3种林分土壤pH,增加土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量。无氮添加处理中杉木人工林和马尾松人工林土壤N2O累积排放量分别为9.67和9.62 mg/kg,显著高于米槠次生林土壤N2O累积排放量6.81 mg/kg。低氮添加处理中杉木人工林和马尾松人工林土壤N2O累积排放量显著高于米槠次生林。但在中氮和高氮添加处理中,3种林分土壤N2O累积排放量均无显著性差异。不同氮添加处理均促进3种林分土壤N 相似文献
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《水土保持学报》2014,(5)
为了解不同降雨条件下碳在常绿阔叶林和针叶林内部的迁移特征,对亚热带米槠次生林和杉木人工林在不同降雨量下林冠层可溶性有机碳(DOC)浓度的变化特征进行分析。结果发现:降雨量大于10mm时,米槠和杉木树干径流量与胸径呈幂函数正相关(R20.81和R20.88),米槠树干径流中DOC浓度与胸径呈幂函数负相关(R20.37);相反,杉木树干径流中DOC浓度与胸径呈幂函数显著正相关关系(R20.69,P0.05)。米槠次生林穿透雨中DOC浓度相对大气降雨中DOC浓度平均增量大于杉木人工林,且前者增量的变化幅度也远大于后者,表明降雨量对米槠次生林穿透雨DOC浓度的影响较杉木人工林大;总体而言,米槠次生林树干径流DOC浓度(48.8mg/L)显著低于杉木人工林(23.4mg/L)(P0.05)。随着降雨量增大,米槠次生林树干径流DOC浓度呈现下降趋势,而杉木人工林则呈现一定的递增趋势,说明树种的差异可引起树干径流DOC浓度对降雨变化的响应不同,降雨历时同样对穿透雨和树干径流DOC浓度具有显著性影响。 相似文献
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《水土保持学报》2015,(6)
以四川盆地典型桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林为研究对象,于2013年12月至2014年12月,采用原位培养法监测了雨季(3个时期)和旱季(2个时期)5个关键时期土壤N截留和淋溶输出特征。结果表明:马尾松人工林土壤的N截留和淋溶输出总量分别为17.82,26.95kg/(hm2·a),桢楠人工林土壤的N截留和淋溶输出总量分别为8.90,17.98kg/(hm2·a),2种人工林土壤均表现出明显的N截留作用,且硝态氮和水溶性有机氮的输入与输出量显著高于铵态氮和亚硝态氮(P0.01)。此外,2种人工林土壤N输入和输出均表现出显著的季节性差异,59.64%~77.14%的N输入过程都发生于旱季末期和雨季早期,且这2个时期的土壤N淋溶输出量分别占全年的44.86%~52.70%。2种人工林土壤在旱季主要表现为N截留效应,而雨季主要表现为N流失。相关性分析结果表明,除桢楠人工林的铵态氮和马尾松人工林的硝态氮外,2种人工林土壤N库的其余N组分淋溶输出量与降水量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),土壤对可溶性无机氮的截留量则与降水量呈负相关。总体而言,桢楠和马尾松人工林土壤N输入、输出和截留作用主要发生于旱季末期,且以硝态氮和水溶性有机氮为主。 相似文献
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以太子河源头水源涵养林为研究对象,分析不同植被类型地表径流和壤中流的氮流失特征,运用冗余分析和偏冗余分析对氮流失特征与环境因子之间的关系进行分析,并对其主要影响因子进行定量分解,探寻太子河源头水源涵养林氮流失特征的关键影响因子。结果表明:不同植被类型地表径流和壤中流硝态氮是氮流失的主要形态,地表径流硝态氮的浓度是铵态氮浓度的1.5倍,壤中流硝态氮的浓度是铵态氮浓度的20.5倍。无论是地表径流还是壤中流铵态氮和硝态氮流失浓度的大小顺序均为人工林杂木林次生林。受径流量和壤中流量的影响,铵态氮流失量表现为次生林最大,硝态氮流失量表现为人工林最大。土壤物理性质和土壤化学性质是影响氮流失浓度的关键因子,分别能解释氮流失浓度总变异的46.36%和16.42%。地形水文因子和植被特征是影响氮流失量的关键因子,分别能解释氮流失量总变异的22.85%和15.09%。而地形水文因子、植被特征、土壤物理性质、土壤理化性质4者混合作用在对氮流失特征中也起到了重要影响,分别能解释氮流失浓度和流失量总变异的36.03%和51.36%。 相似文献
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可溶性碳组分是土壤有机碳库中最活跃的部分,作为土壤碳周转初期变化的敏感指标,其含量受到凋落叶等植物残体输入、森林类型及季节性水热变化的共同调节。采用土壤原位培养法,以亚热带米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)人工林与杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林为对象,分析生长季内土壤可溶性碳(DOC)与热水溶性碳(HWSC)含量动态变化及其对凋落叶输入的响应趋势。结果表明,凋落叶输入、森林类型和培养月份均极显著影响土壤可溶性碳组分含量(p<0.001)。杉木人工林土壤DOC与HWSC含量整体较高,分别高出米槠人工林15.09%和13.06%,但后者的土壤可溶性有机质芳香化程度更高。经过1个生长季的培养,2种人工林土壤DOC与HWSC含量均明显增加。凋落叶增加生长季米槠人工林土壤DOC与HWSC的含量,但对杉木人工林的影响具有季节差异。研究结果表明杉木人工林土壤DOC与HWSC含量更高,但凋落叶输入促进米槠人工林DOC与HWSC含量,更易于随淋溶过程流失。 相似文献
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亚热带米槠次生林和杉木人工林林冠截留特征比较 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
通过对福建三明地区米槠次生林和杉木人工林林内穿透雨和树干茎流进行对比分析,研究2种林分类型对降雨再分配规律的影响及其关键影响因素。在研究区2种林分内分别选取了3个20m×20m标准样地,同时设置了穿透雨和树干茎流收集装置,每场降雨后测定相应的水量。结果表明:研究期内年降雨量为1 706.6mm,米槠次生林和杉木人工林林内穿透雨量没有显著差异,总穿透雨量分别为1 204.0mm和1 289.9mm,分别占年降雨的70.6%和75.6%;米槠次生林树干茎流量显著高于杉木人工林(p0.05),两者的树干茎流率分别为4.8%和2.7%;米槠次生林和杉木人工林的林冠截留率分别为24.7%和21.8%。林内穿透雨量与林冠郁闭度和叶面积指数呈负相关关系,说明林分郁闭度越高则穿透雨量越少。米槠次生林和杉木人工林林冠截留的差异主要受林冠开阔度和树皮结构的影响,因此树种差异显著改变了森林生态系统降水再分配模式。 相似文献
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利用田间渗滤池采集不同施肥方式下棉田耕层土壤的淋溶液体,测定总氮、铵态氮以及硝态氮的含量,旨在研究畦灌下不同施肥方式棉田耕层土壤中氮素的淋溶特征。结果表明:连续5年的定位试验显示,在新疆棉田常规地面灌溉制度下,农民常规施肥、测土配方优化施肥、优化施肥基础上增加50%施氮量时淋溶到90 cm以下的总氮量分别为5.35、5.34、5.52 kg·hm~(-2)·年~(-1),氮流失系数分别为5.49%、4.92%、7.79%。氮淋溶以硝态氮为主,占总氮流失量的26.30%～27.85%,铵态氮流失量较少,仅2.18%～2.54%。每次施肥灌水都会引起氮淋溶,但是春灌引起的淋溶量是生育期每次灌水后的3～5倍。减少氮肥施用量和由棉花需要优化每次追肥量,均可以减少氮淋溶损失。 相似文献
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[目的]探明森林类型对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响,为亚热带针叶林改造过程中的树种选择和营林方式选择提供科学依据。[方法]研究相同海拔高度和相近环境条件下的亚热带常绿阔叶林(米槠林)、常绿—落叶阔叶混交林(闽桦—闽楠林)和针叶林(马尾松林)3种森林类型对土壤碳氮储量和酶活性的影响。[结果](1)马尾松林的土壤总有机碳含量显著高于其他两种林分类型,土壤全氮含量与闽桦—闽楠林无显著差异,但二者均显著高于米槠林,马尾松林和闽桦—闽楠林的土壤氮储量和碳储量显著高于米槠林;马尾松林和闽桦—闽楠林的土壤可溶性有机碳含量显著高于米槠林。马尾松林的土壤可溶性有机氮含量显著小于米槠林和闽桦—闽楠林,米槠林和马尾松林的土壤微生物量碳氮含量均显著高于闽桦—闽楠林,3种林分的土壤铵态氮含量无显著差异,而闽桦—闽楠林的土壤硝态氮含量显著高于其他两种林分;(2)米槠林的土壤脲酶活性显著高于闽桦—闽楠林。3种林分的土壤蔗糖酶活性差异显著,表现为：马尾松林>米槠林>闽桦—闽楠林,马尾松林和米槠林的土壤过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于闽桦—闽楠林。3种林分的土壤磷酸酶活性无显著差异,马尾松林的土壤β-葡糖糖苷酶活性显... 相似文献
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降雨对不同土地利用类型土壤水氮变化特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2018年6—10月降雨条件下园地、林地、荒草地、坡耕地和裸地的标准径流小区为研究对象,裸地为对照,通过研究降雨对园地、林地、荒草地、坡耕地和裸地的土壤含水率、总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量与土层深度和时间的变化特征,经野外试验数据统计分析,提出降雨对园地、林地、荒草地、坡耕地和裸地土壤含水率、总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量与土层深度和时间变化特征的影响。结果表明:降雨增加园地、林地、荒草地、坡耕地和裸地土壤含水率,加速土壤总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮水解转化硝化和反硝化速度,影响土壤含水率、总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量,降雨与土壤含水率、总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮呈显著相关性(P0.05)。降雨条件下园地、林地、荒草地、坡耕地和裸地的土壤含水率随土层深度增大而增大,土层深度100 cm处土壤含水率最大,分别为30.34%,27.67%,24.98%,24.03%和21.95%,总氮随土层深度增大呈先增大后减小,在土层深度为60 cm土壤总氮含量最大,分别为1.02,0.99,0.90,0.86,0.75 g/kg,硝态氮和铵态氮含量随土层深度增大而减小,在土层深度为100 cm硝态氮和铵态氮含量均最小,其中硝态氮含量分别为9.01,7.89,7.25,6.10,5.22 mg/kg,铵态氮含量分别为9.41,9.14,6.40,5.38,4.37 mg/kg。土壤含水率随时间的延长先减小后增大又减小,呈正余弦变化趋势,8月土壤含水率最大,分别为22.97%,22.01%,19.87%,19.03%和17.98%,总氮随时间的延长先增大后减小,8月总氮最大,分别为1.09,1.01,0.94,0.84,0.76 g/kg,硝态氮和铵态氮含量随时间的延长而逐渐减少,6月硝态氮和铵态氮含量均最大,其中硝态氮含量分别为13.40,12.37,11.20,10.39,8.67 mg/kg,铵态氮含量分别为18.89,17.02,14.54,12.02,8.36 mg/kg。不同土地利用类型土壤含水率、总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮平均值与土层深度和时间关系由大到小依次为园地、林地、荒草地、坡耕地和裸地,研究结果为农田土壤水肥流失控制和养分利用提供理论技术支持。 相似文献
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中亚热带杉木人工林和米槠次生林树干茎流和穿透雨磷的动态特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
磷(P)伴随树干茎流和穿透雨输入到森林,成为补充亚热带森林生态系统P流失的一个重要途径,但其在不同类型生态系统中的动态特征缺乏必要的关注。以中亚热带杉木人工林和米槠次生林为研究对象,通过测定2015年6月至2018年8月间树干茎流和穿透雨中P浓度,探讨了2个林分树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度的差异、季节变化特征及影响因素。结果表明,杉木人工林树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度变化范围分别为0.002～0.026,0.003～0.024 mg/L,米槠次生林树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度变化范围分别为0.003～0.024,0.003～0.031 mg/L,2个林分树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度均在夏季表现出显著差异。2个林分的树干茎流P浓度均为夏季高于冬季,杉木人工林穿透雨P浓度在季节上无显著差异,而米槠次生林夏秋季较高,冬春季偏低,树干茎流P浓度略微高于穿透雨。2个林分的树干茎流量在4个季节均具有显著差异,米槠次生林均高于杉木人工林,而穿透雨量在季节上无差异。杉木人工林P浓度与树干茎流量和穿透雨量均呈负相关关系,而米槠次生林P浓度与树干茎流量和穿透雨量均呈正相关关系。表明不同林分林冠结构和形态学特征的差异能显著影响亚热带森林生态系统降水中P的再分配。研究结果为深入认识森林生态系统P随水文过程的动态特征提供基础数据。 相似文献
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桂西北光皮桦人工林水源涵养功能 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究广西西北部不同林龄光皮桦人工林的水源涵养功能,选择具有代表性的11,16年生光皮桦人工林、16年生杉木林,从林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层3个层次及综合性的水源涵养能力进行了定量分析。结果表明:(1)11,16年生光皮桦人工林林冠层、灌木层、草本层持水量范围分别为12.54～21.06,2.15～3.05,1.27～1.52 t/hm~2,凋落物总储量为4.54～7.42 t/hm~2,最大持水量为12.55～16.00 t/hm~2,16年生均显著大于11年生(P0.05),凋落物吸水速率与浸水时间存在良好的线性关系(R~20.86,P0.05)。(2)土壤的孔隙状况表现为16年生光皮桦林11年生光皮桦林,均大于对照的16年生杉木林,0—20 cm显著大于20—40,40—80 cm土层。(3)11年生光皮桦土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量的变化范围分别为28.97%～60.55%,25.35%～47.21%,3.71%～13.34%,16年生的为29.06%～63.45%,25.63%～48.70%,3.34%～14.75%,均随着土层的加深而减少;11,16年生光皮桦林0—80 cm土壤层自然含水量范围分别为27.46～30.16,28.12～30.22 g/cm~3;总蓄水量分别为3 813.4,3 732.2 t/hm~2,均大于16年生杉木林(3 659.2 t/hm~2)。总体上,林龄较大的光皮桦人工林表现出较强的水源涵养功能,且优于同林龄的杉木人工林。研究结果可为该地区光皮桦人工林的经营管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
[目的]对比天然次生林和人工林土壤水溶性有机碳的含量、季节变化特征及与土壤理化性质的相关性,评估不同植被恢复模式对土壤碳库的影响。[方法]以浙江省凤阳山不同植被群落为对象,在野外调查和实验测定的基础上,通过相邻样地比较法进行研究。[结果]不同植被群落0—60cm土层平均水溶性有机碳含量的大小关系为:35a杉木人工林(0.299 7g/kg)40a常绿阔叶次生林(0.271 7g/kg)35a针阔混交次生林(0.258 6g/kg)40a杉木人工林(0.252 9g/kg)30a柳杉人工林(0.252 8g/kg)30a针阔混交次生林(0.248 0g/kg),相邻样地基本表现为人工林大于天然次生林;不同植被群落土壤水溶性有机碳含量的最小值均出现在夏季。[结论]土壤水溶性有机碳含量与土壤总有机碳、全氮、有效磷、速效钾呈极显著或显著正相关,与土壤pH值及容重呈极显著或显著负相关。 相似文献
14.
Large areas of forest plantations have been developed in China.It is important to evaluate the soil fauna in plantations and the conditions needed for their recovery in view of the large areas of plantations in China.Three Pinus tabulaeformis forests,a 26-year-old plantation (P26) and a 45-year-old plantation (P45),exposed to clear-cutting before plantation,and an 80-260-year-old natural forest (N260),were chosen to study the effects of different forest ages/types on Collembola community in the litter and soil layers during 2008 and 2009.Soil conditions in P26 and P45 were significantly deteriorated when compared to N260.A higher value of soil bulk density and lower values of soil organic matter,soil N,litter depth,soil pH,and soil water content were observed in P26 and P45.Totally,the same genera of Collembola tended to occur in the forests of all ages studied;however,the Collembola community structure was significantly impacted by the differences in forest age.Both in the litter and soil layers,the density and generic richness of the Collembola were the highest in N260 and the lowest in P26.Some collembolan groups were sensitive to soil conditions in particular forest ages.N260 was associated with relatively high abundance of Plutomurus collembolans and P45 with relatively high abundance of Pseudofolsomia collembolans.The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community structure of Collembola was mainly affected by forest age in both litter and soil layer.The ordination analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling also found that the Collembola community did not recover to the level of natural forests in 26-year regeneration after clear-cutting.Even in 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting,the Collembola community only showed a slight recovery to the level of natural forests.Our results clearly showed that both Collembola community and soil conditions did not recover in 26-and 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting in P.tabulaeformis plantations;however,they might have the potential to recover in the future because the same genera of Collembola were distributed in the plantations and natural forests. 相似文献
15.
Oludare O. Agboola Olusanya A. Olatunji Stephen Oyedeji 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(8):1080-1092
Evidence of the impacts of land-use change on soil biological activities, a determinant of nutrient cycling in soil, will provide a better understanding of soil health and productivity. The study investigates temporal changes in soil chemical and microbial properties in a forest converted to oil palm plantation. Soil samples from four locations: native forest and Elaeis guineensis plantations of 2-, 13- and 14-year were collected. Total carbon C and N were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the native forest (NF) followed by 14- and 13-year E. guineensis plantations respectively. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) in NF were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the E. guineensis plantations. There were no significant differences in the microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) among the E. guineensis plantation of all ages. The qCO2 in the 13- and 14-year E. guineensis plantations was higher than in NF and 2-year E. guineensis plantation. There was a positive correlation between MBC, MBN, MBP and pH, P, TC, and TN. These results indicated that conversion of native forest to E. guineensis plantation affected soil nutrient and microbial properties. And there could be a return to healthy soil condition as age of E. guineensis plantation increased. 相似文献
16.
The effects of forest conversion on soil fertility are still not well understood in subtropical zones. This issue was addressed by comparing chemical properties of soil in a secondary forest and a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hooker) plantation at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology. Total N, available P, ‐N, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable Al3+ and H+ of soil were significantly lower in the pure Chinese fir plantation (PCP) than in the secondary forest while soil organic carbon (SOC), total K and exchangeable Na+ had a tendency to decrease in the PCP. In contrast, soil pH and percentage base saturation (PBS) significantly increased due to forest conversion, and available K, ‐N and exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ tended to increase in the PCP. Some underlying processes responsible for the differences in soil fertility between the secondary forest and the Chinese fir plantation were low litterfall and root input to soil and site preparation in coniferous plantations. There was no significant difference in the effect of slope position on chemical properties of soil in the PCP and the secondary forest. Results indicated that the conversion of secondary forests to coniferous plantations leads to a decline in soil fertility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
为探究土壤基质驱动下桉树人工林施肥措施对地下水体的影响,以短轮伐期内不同林龄桉树(1年、2年、3年、5年)表层土壤(0—20 cm)为研究对象,采用室内填土土柱模拟基质入渗驱动下铵态氮、硝态氮、总溶解态氮和溶解态有机氮的淋失过程,分析基质入渗特征参数与不同形态的溶解态氮淋失过程的变化关系及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)桉树表层土壤基质稳定入渗率和累积入渗量随林龄的增大呈增加—降低—增加的趋势,其中,2年生桉树表层土壤的稳定入渗率(143 mm/h)和累积入渗量(279 mm)最高。(2)不同形态溶解态氮淋失浓度在淋失开始时达到峰值,并随基质入渗率的降低而逐渐减小,且基质入渗率与不同形态溶解态氮淋失浓度的变化关系可用线性方程表示。(3)硝态氮和溶解态有机氮是桉树人工林表层土壤氮淋失的主要形态,砂粒含量增加促进氮淋失,而黏粒和有机质含量增加抑制氮淋失。同时,淋失初期铵态氮淋失浓度高于地下水质控制范围,是污染桉树人工林地下水水质的潜在威胁。综上,土壤基质入渗是桉树人工林表层土壤氮淋失的重要驱动因素,两者变化趋势一致并存在线性关系,同时,土壤砂粒、黏粒与有机质含量也是影响桉树人工林地表层土壤氮淋失的重要影响因素。 相似文献
18.
唐松青 《中国水土保持科学》2003,1(2):61-65
从林冠层、林下植被层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层研究木荷和杉木人工林涵蓄水分以及土壤入渗能力的差异。结果表明,木荷人工林地上部分（含林冠层、林下植被层和枯枝落叶层）的持水能力低于杉木人工林,仅为杉木人工林的76.36％,但1m深表土层的饱和贮水量为5039.5t/hm2,比杉木人工林高323.3t/hm2,同时木荷人工林土壤渗透性能也好于针叶林。 相似文献
19.
Soil biological changes for a natural forest and two plantations in subtropical China 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Conversion of natural forests into pure plantation forests is a common management practice in subtropical China. To evaluate the effects of forest conversion on soil fertility, microbe numbers and enzyme activities in topsoils (0-10 cm) were quantified in two 33-year-old monoculture plantations of Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata (CK) and Cunninghamia lanceolata Lamb. (Chinese fir) (CF), and compared to a neighboring relict natural C. kawakamii forest (NF), in Sanming, Fujian. Five soil samples were collected once each in January, April, July, September and November in 2000 in each forest for laboratory analysis. Over the sampling year, there were significant differences for bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes between forests and between seasons (P < 0.05). The largest bacteria and fungi populations were in NF, while CF contained the greatest number of actinomycetes. There were also significant differences (P < 0.05) with microbial respiration for forests and seasons. Additionally, compared with NF, urease and acid phosphatase were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in CK and CF. Also, the correlations of soil hydrolysable N and available P to soil microbial and enzymatic activities were highly significant (P < 0.01). Thus, to alter the traditional Chinese fir monoculture so as to mimic the natural forest conditions, managing mixed stands of Chinese fir and broadleaf trees or conducting crop rotation of conifers and broadleaf trees as well as minimizing forest disturbances like clear-cutting, slash burning and soil preparing, could be utilized. 相似文献