共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 85 毫秒
1.
【目的】 以某城市酵母厂污水为研究对象,利用三维荧光光谱技术(3DEEM),确定该厂水体DOM的三维荧光光谱特性,研究不同浓度以及pH条件对溶解性有机物的三维荧光指纹特性影响。【方法】 取该厂污水处理的进水与出水水样,并且采用单因素试验的方法分别改变进、出水的浓度(稀释倍数1-6)和pH(2-12),测定原水样的荧光光谱以及改变条件后水样的荧光光谱,分析不同环境因素对水体DOM三维荧光特征的影响。【结果】 (1)该厂污水处理进水具有2个明显荧光峰,分别为类蛋白峰B峰和类腐殖酸峰C峰;出水只检测到类腐殖酸荧光峰A峰与C峰。(2)类腐殖酸峰和类蛋白质峰的荧光强度随着进、出水稀释倍数的增加而降低,除了出水的C峰位置没有明显偏移,其他各荧光峰位置都出现了不同程度的红移和蓝移。(3)pH值的变化对荧光特性的影响比较显著,随着pH值的增大,进、出水的荧光峰都发生不同程度的红移或者蓝移;进水水样B峰与C峰的荧光强度随着pH值的增大都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,只是B峰荧光强度最大值出现在pH=6时,而C峰荧光强度最大值出现在pH=10时。出水的A峰与C峰变化趋势比较相似,水样呈酸性时,荧光强度随pH的增加而增大,上升幅度比较强烈;水样在碱性条件下,荧光强度随pH的增加而减小,但是下降的幅度却非常平缓;A峰的最大值出现在pH=8,C峰的最大值出现在pH=6。【结论】 水体浓度以及pH值的变化会改变DOM溶液中带电离子与官能团之间的相互作用而使得荧光峰位置的偏移和荧光强度的增减。 相似文献
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在实验条件下通过三维荧光光谱、荧光猝灭滴定和质子核磁共振(1HNMR),分析了白洋淀污染水体沉积物中溶解有机质(DOM)与Cu(Ⅱ)的相互作用。结果表明:DOM的结构以碳水化合物及多糖为主且具有明显的类蛋白(峰B)和类富里酸(峰A和峰C)荧光峰,类蛋白的荧光强度较强于可见类富里酸;3类荧光基团荧光强度由于Cu(Ⅱ)猝灭,呈明显不同程度的降低;并且DOM与Cu(Ⅱ)络合常数及1HNMR分析表明DOM中荧光基因与Cu(Ⅱ)络合或螯合能力较大,配位的配位基较多。 相似文献
3.
溶解性有机质（DOM）是土壤中重要的活性有机质组分,对种植模式及人类活动反应敏感。采集冀北坝上7种种植模式的农田土壤样本,运行三维荧光结合区域积分（FRI）和紫外光谱对土壤DOM进行解析,探讨土壤DOM与种植模式的响应关系。结果表明,冀北坝上地区土壤三维荧光光谱均有5个区域,其中以类腐殖酸组分(P（V,n）:58.95%～69.79%)含量最高,大小顺序为露地菜地>大棚菜地>草地>青贮玉米地>燕麦地>林地>马铃薯地;富里酸组分(P（Ⅲ,n）:17.97%～23.82%)次之,大小顺序为青贮玉米地>燕麦地>林地>草地>马铃薯地>大棚菜地>露地菜地;SUVD254 nm在0.02～1.31之间,青贮玉米地和露地菜地显著高于其他种植模式,草地显著低于其他种植模式。土壤总磷与类富里酸呈显著负相关,与类腐殖酸呈极显著正相关。施用有机肥能增加DOM的腐殖化程度、腐熟程度和微生物源特征;增温灌溉等改善土壤环境的措施能增加DOM芳香性和陆源特征;施用化肥能增加DOM... 相似文献
4.
《江苏农业科学》2016,(10)
采用焦磷酸钠萃取法提取腐殖酸,并分离得到黄腐酸、棕腐酸和黑腐酸,通过膜分离技术分离腐殖酸得到6种不同分子量的腐殖酸。对样品用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外分析及荧光光谱法进行了表征。结果表明,各种腐殖酸的化学组成有相似之处,但在结构上有明显不同:(1)元素分析发现不同腐殖酸之间H/C、C/N原子比具有明显的差异,不同分子量的腐殖酸,分子量越大芳香度越高;而3种不同类型的腐殖酸中,芳香度为黑腐酸棕腐酸黄腐酸。不同分子量腐殖酸中分子量越小的腐殖化程度越高,而不同类型的腐殖酸中黄腐酸腐殖化程度最高。(2)荧光谱图表明不同腐殖酸中分子量越小荧光强度越强,黑腐酸、棕腐酸明显强于黄腐酸;说明不同腐殖酸的结构存在差异。(3)紫外分析显示,各种腐殖酸均含有芳香官能团,用E4/E6解释腐殖酸的芳香缩合程度发现与元素分析所得结论一致。(4)红外光谱也得出不同腐殖酸结构和特性存在相似性和差异性,均含有羧基,除黄腐酸与分子量小于10 000的腐殖酸外均含有芳环或酚类。 相似文献
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园林植物水溶性有机物与Hg(Ⅱ)配位机理的三维荧光特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究园林植物水溶性有机物(DOM)与Hg(Ⅱ)的配位机理以及检验修正型方程的优越性,研究采用三维荧光光谱技术对高温好氧堆肥后的园林植物水溶性有机物(DOM)与Hg(Ⅱ)结合的荧光特征进行研究。结果表明,园林植物DOM组成简单,主要成分为纤维木质素分解产生的类富里酸物质。可见区富里酸荧光峰(C)Ex/Em=330 nm/427 nm,紫外区富里酸荧光峰(A)Ex/Em=240 nm/430.5 nm。三维荧光光谱表明,在DOM与Hg(Ⅱ)络合过程中产生猝灭效应,随着Hg(Ⅱ)浓度的增加,园林植物可溶性有机物的荧光强度依次降低。修正型Sten-Volmer方程更能准确的计算出DOM与重金属Hg(Ⅱ)的配位能力以及配位稳定性。 相似文献
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为探究临江河水体溶解性有机质荧光光谱特征、组成及来源，本研究利用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析的方法对临江河水体溶解性有机质荧光光谱特征、荧光组分、水质指标及它们之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明：临江河流域森林山区水体存在典型类腐殖峰A及类富里酸峰C，村镇水体及农田水体除了存在典型类腐殖峰还出现类蛋白峰，养殖区水体存在典型类蛋白峰B和T。平行因子分析解析出2类3个荧光组分，分别为类腐殖质荧光组分C1、C2，类蛋白荧光组分C3。研究表明，三维荧光特征参数揭示出临江河水体溶解性有机质受到内外源的共同影响，相关性分析表明临江河水体中荧光组分及特征与氮、磷等元素的迁移转化密切相关。 相似文献
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三维荧光光谱表征嘉陵江北碚城区段水中溶解有机质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用三维荧光光谱研究了嘉陵江北碚城段水中的溶解有机质.结果表明,水样三维荧光光谱图中有3个荧光峰A, B和D,其中A为类腐殖酸荧光峰, B和D为类蛋白荧光峰.荧光峰A较强,说明嘉陵江中溶解有机质(DOM)主要以陆源类腐殖酸为主.水样中溶解有机碳(DOC)的含量与254 nm处的吸光度值之间具有良好的线性关系,样品荧光强度与DOC之间也具有良好的相关性.荧光峰D与荧光峰B的比值r(D, B)在0.79～1.86之间,说明水体受有机物污染较轻.Abstract： The dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water of the Jialing River at Beibei was studied with 3D fluorescence spectrometry. Three fluorescent peaks were detected in all the water samples, of which the A-type fluorescent peak was humic-like and the B-type and D-type peaks were protein-like. Fluorescent intensity of peak-A was higher than that of peak-B and peak-D, indicating that the DOM of the Jialing Riv-er is composed mainly of land-derived humic acid. The concentration of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) in the water samples was linearly correlated with A_(254)and the fluorescence intensity of DOM. The ratio of peak-D to peak-B [r(D,B)] ranged from 0.79 to 1.86, showing that the waters studied were only slightly contaminated by organic pollutants. 相似文献
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【目的】研究高寒土壤溶解性有机质(DOM)含量和光谱学特征,为川西高原区域水陆碳循环以及高寒土壤资源管理等研究提供科学依据。【方法】研究了川西3种高寒生态系统(亚高山森林、高寒泥炭湿地和高寒草甸)中0～10 cm的表层土壤中的DOM,利用三维荧光分析仪测定了DOM荧光特征,采用平行因子法(EEM-PARAFAC)和荧光区域积分(FRI)等对DOM光谱学特征进行了研究。【结果】亚高山森林土壤中DOC、DON、TOC和TN含量明显高于高寒泥炭土和高寒草甸;亚高山森林土壤DOM芳香性与腐殖化程度最低,DOM稳定性最低,微生物可利用性最高;平行因子分析显示所有土壤DOM呈4个荧光组分,以蛋白类组分载荷最高,富里酸类组分载荷最低;亚高山森林土壤DOM中芳香蛋白类有机质占比最高,高寒泥炭湿地和高寒草甸土壤DOM中则是富里酸类有机质比例最高。【结论】3种高寒土壤的DOM及荧光组分差异显著,亚高山森林土壤DOM不稳定性更高。 相似文献
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不同种植年限苏打盐碱型水稻土水溶性有机物三维荧光光谱特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】揭示不同种植年限苏打盐碱型水稻土水溶性有机物(WEOM)的变化规律,为苏打盐碱型水稻土固定有机碳提供理论基础。【方法】利用三维荧光光谱技术研究种植水稻0、1、3、5、15和20年对苏打盐碱地土壤中WEOM含量(w)及其三维荧光特性的影响。【结果】随种植年限的延长,土壤WEOM的含量先增加后逐渐降低,在种植3年时达最大(259.29 mg·kg-1),而在20年时最小(19.29 mg·kg-1);土壤中WEOM D254 nm随种植年限增加而增加;WEOM的三维荧光图谱形状和荧光线密度不同,荧光线密度随种植年限的增加而增强;随种植年限增加,水稻土中区域Ⅰ和区域Ⅱ的荧光峰的发射光波长发生了蓝移,而区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅴ发射光波长发生了红移;土壤积分值为区域Ⅴ区域Ⅲ区域Ⅳ区域Ⅱ区域Ⅰ;种植20年后,类腐殖物质占WEOM的百分比降低。【结论】苏打盐碱型水稻土中类富里酸、类腐殖物质以及含有不饱和双键的芳香族化合物含量随种植年限而增加。三维荧光技术适用于研究土壤中WEOM的结构和组分。 相似文献
11.
根据荧光分析技术,对奶牛血清的荧光特性进行了研究,研究了正常和异常奶牛血清经不同的光激发后所产生的荧光及其变化情况。初步结果表明,异常奶牛血清的荧光强度比正常奶牛血清的荧光强度要弱。提出通过对奶牛血清的荧光强度进行分析,将其应用于奶牛疾病诊断这一国内外较少涉足的研究课题。 相似文献
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Preliminary Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice P88S/0389 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHANG Ji-zhen MENG Wei-dong CAO Sai DENG Xiao-feng .Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education for Tropical Biological Resources Hainan University Public Experiment Center of Hainan University Center for Experimental Biotechnology of Hainan University Haikou .Research Institute of Foodstuff Crop HAAS Haikou .Biotechnology 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration. 相似文献
13.
荧光定量PCR技术研究进展及其应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
荧光定量PCR技术不仅实现了PCR从定性到定量的飞跃,更以其特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、定量准确、速度快、全封闭反应等优点而成为分子生物学研究的重要工具,并用于生物特异核苷酸的检测.主要概述了荧光染料法、TaqMan探针法、分子信标法、Lux Primer 4种荧光定量技术的原理、特点以及荧光定量PCR技术在各方面的应用. 相似文献
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以百日草3～4叶期的穴盘苗为试验材料,分析了高温胁迫下不同浓度(10,20,30,40 mg／L)烯效唑(S3307)对百日草幼苗的同化产物分配、光合作用、水分利用率、叶绿素荧光参数等指标的影响。结果表明:高温胁迫下S3307处理的百日草幼苗的株高降低,茎粗增加,地上部冠干重、地下部根干重及其根冠比均大于对照,并且S3307处理还提高了百日草幼苗的净光合速率、叶片水分利用率,显著减缓了高温胁迫对百日草幼苗光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的抑制作用,使百日草幼苗PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv／Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)下降缓慢,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高幅度增大,从而使光合机构免受高温胁迫的伤害。以30 mg／L的S3307处理效果最佳。 相似文献
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以阳生植物月季、玫瑰和阴生植物酢浆草、半夏为试验材料,利用IMAGING-PAM MINI版WALZ新型调制叶绿素荧光成像系统和QE65000光谱仪对4种植物叶片的叶绿素荧光参数和荧光光谱进行了测定,分析了阴生植物与阳生植物光化学活性与荧光光谱的差异.结果表明,与阳生植物相比,阴生植物叶片测定的叶绿素荧光参数中,光合系统Ⅱ的实际光化学效率、原初光化学效率和电子传递速率较高,而调节性能量耗散的光化学效率、非调节性能量耗散的光化学效率、光化学性能指数、最大荧光值和初始荧光值均较低;4种植物在650～800nm波长处的荧光光谱图形相同,最高峰均出现在680 nm附近,在735 nm处伴有一弱峰出现,并且阳生植物的Fp680/Fp735比阴生植物低. 相似文献
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《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration. 相似文献
18.
超级稻P88S/0389光合特性初探(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration. 相似文献
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20.
H9亚型禽流感病毒间接免疫荧光检测方法的建立与比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将禽流感病毒(AIV)接种犬肾上皮细胞(MDCK),24h后以鸡抗禽流感抗体和兔抗鸡荧光抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFA),结果于细胞核、细胞质内观察到特异性的荧光。利用96孔细胞板培养MDCK细胞,以间接免疫荧光作为判定指标对禽流感病毒进行毒力测定,并与禽流感病毒通用荧光反转录-聚合酶链反应(荧光RT-PCR)检测方法进行比较。结果表明间接IFA、荧光RT-PCR对同一样品检测的最高稀释度分别为10-5.25TCID50和10-6,Ct<30,两种方法对禽流感病毒的检测敏感性均很高。但由于荧光RT-PCR仅对抽提的RNA进行检测,而间接IFA是对禽流感活病毒进行检测,因此在临床样品检测和动物产品检疫中间接IFA更具准确性和实用性。 相似文献