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1.
《种子》2020,(7)
以新春6号和新春31号为材料,采用大田试验在小麦灌浆初期模拟高温胁迫,在高温胁迫下对小麦进行喷施精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)处理,监测小麦籽粒灌浆动态、高温处理后的旗叶抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖含量等指标,分析外源Spm和Spd对高温胁迫下小麦籽粒灌浆的影响及其生理机制。结果表明:高温胁迫对小麦籽粒灌浆显著抑制,外源Spm和Spd显著促进高温胁迫下小麦籽粒灌浆、旗叶POD和CAT活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量以及抑制SOD活性和MDA含量的升高,外源Spd在喷施前期(花后13 d)对籽粒灌浆的调节效果优于外源Spm,此后外源Spm的缓解效果始终优于Spd。说明外源多胺对高温胁迫下小麦籽粒灌浆的影响与其调控叶片抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量以及渗透调节物质的含量有关,不同类型多胺在缓解高温胁迫对小麦灌浆抑制上存在时间差异。 相似文献
2.
《华北农学报》2021,36(2)
为了解干旱对不同类型小麦籽粒灌浆期糖类、淀粉、蛋白质和微量元素的动态规律,明确干旱对营养物质在高产小麦、优质小麦和节水小麦灌浆过程中的差异,以黄淮北片麦区的小麦品种冀麦325、冀麦418、冀麦323为试验材料。选取同一天抽穗、开花的植株进行标记,于花后7～31 d每6 d取各品种籽粒样本,研究了灌浆期间干旱对籽粒中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蛋白质、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu含量、直链和支链淀粉积累量、淀粉积累速率及淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,在灌浆过程中,干旱胁迫显著降低了小麦籽粒蔗糖和葡萄糖的含量,对果糖含量的影响相对较小,高产品种冀麦325的蔗糖和果糖受干旱影响较小。干旱胁迫降低了小麦籽粒支链淀粉和总淀粉含量,对直链淀粉含量的影响相对较小。干旱胁迫对高产品种和优质品种淀粉含量的影响明显大于耐旱品种冀麦418。干旱胁迫在灌浆初期和中期提高了淀粉合成酶的活性,中后期活性较灌溉对照迅速下降。随籽粒灌浆的进行,4种微量矿质元素的含量呈下降趋势,在小麦籽粒中的表现为MgFeZnMn。冀麦325籽粒的Fe、Zn和Mg积累量较高。研究干旱条件下不同类型小麦籽粒灌浆过程中营养物质积累差异,为优化栽培措施,实现专用小麦优质、高产、节水提供理论数据和参考依据。 相似文献
3.
以筋性不同的春小麦品种龙麦33和克旱19为材料,研究了外源糖氮调控下小麦花后旗叶光合特性的变化和营养器官花前、花后贮藏干物质与子粒产量和品质形成的关系。结果表明,施入外源糖氮均提高了旗叶光合速率,但外源糖处理降低了叶绿素含量(SPAD值)。小麦营养器官花前贮藏干物质转运量(TAA)和转运率(TAR)在外源糖氮调控下降低,花后物质积累量(PAA)升高。子粒产量在外源糖氮调控下均增加,子粒蛋白质含量以外源糖处理最高。外源糖氮调控下小麦千粒重和子粒蛋白质含量的提高与花后较高的光合能力及干物质积累有关,且PAA和花后物质积累对子粒产量的贡献率(CPA)与子粒品质呈正相关。 相似文献
4.
氮用量对大穗型小麦品种同化物供应及籽粒灌浆的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在大田条件下,研究了不同氮肥用量对豫麦66同化物供应及籽粒灌浆的影响。结果表明：增施氮素提高旗叶光合速率,尤其在灌浆中后期,同时增加籽粒WSC含量。随着施氮量增加,旗叶WSC含量在花后0~28d相对较低,旗叶淀粉含量降低,表明施氮能使营养物质及时外运,促进糖分向籽粒运输,为淀粉合成提供底物供应。在花后25d之后籽粒淀粉积累速率随施氮量增加而提高,尤其在接近成熟时籽粒淀粉含量及其淀粉积累速率均增加,显示施氮使库端利用和转化同化物的能力较强。籽粒淀粉积累速率与灌浆速率的变化均呈单峰曲线,两者呈显著正相关（r=0.844**）,增加施氮量两者积累高峰期推迟,且前期慢,后期快。 相似文献
5.
灌浆期高温与干旱胁迫对小麦籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及淀粉积累的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
高温与干旱是小麦灌浆期的主要胁迫逆境, 影响小麦同化物的生成及其在籽粒中的积累。本文以郑麦366为试验材料, 采用盆栽和人工气候室模拟相结合的方式, 研究了灌浆期高温(HT)、干旱(DS)和高温干旱复合胁迫(HT+DS)对小麦籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性、淀粉及其组分的影响。于花后10 d将长势均匀一致的盆栽小麦转移至人工气候室, 至小麦成熟。人工气候室设适温(昼25℃/夜15℃)和高温(昼32℃/夜22℃)两种温度模式, 每种温度模式下又设置正常水分(土壤相对含水量75%左右)和轻度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量50%左右)两个土壤水分处理, 以适温、正常水分处理为对照。与对照相比, HT、DS及HT+DS条件下籽粒可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)和结合态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性在胁迫初期显著升高, 之后迅速下降; 淀粉分支酶(SBE)、ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)和蔗糖合酶(SS)活性在小麦籽粒整个灌浆过程中均低于对照; 上述酶活性还受高温与干旱互作的显著影响。HT、DS及HT+DS逆境下, 小麦籽粒淀粉积累速率减小, 籽粒直、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量下降, 生育期缩短, 粒重和产量降低。其中, HT的影响大于DS, 复合胁迫的影响大于单一胁迫。相关分析表明, SSS和GBSS活性与籽粒直、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量在多数测定时期呈正相关(P<0.01), AGPase、SBE和SS活性在灌浆后期(花后22~26 d)与籽粒直、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量呈正相关(P<0.01)。表明高温干旱胁迫通过淀粉合成关键酶而影响籽粒淀粉的合成与积累, 最终影响小麦产量和品质。 相似文献
6.
土壤水分与氮素对水稻地上器官脱落酸和细胞分裂素含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在盆栽和土培池条件下,研究了结实期轻度土壤水分胁迫与氮素营养对水稻地上部脱落酸和细胞分裂素含量及籽粒灌浆的影响。轻度土壤水分胁迫提高了籽粒的灌浆速率,缩短了灌浆期。在高氮（HN）水平下,轻度土壤水分胁迫处理使结实率、粒重和产量较正常灌溉条件下提高。土壤水分胁迫降低了稻株中的玉米素（Z）＋玉米素核苷（ZR）含量,显著增加了稻株中特别是籽粒中脱落酸（ABA）含量。籽粒灌浆速率与籽粒ABA含量极显著正相关,而与籽粒中Z+ZR含量的相关不显著。灌浆前期（花后9～13 d）对在HN和正常灌水下生长的稻株喷施ABA,显著提高了籽粒中蔗糖合成酶、淀粉合成酶、淀粉分枝酶、可溶性酸性转化酶和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶的活性,增加了粒重。喷施氟草酮(ABA合成抑制剂)的结果与喷施ABA相反。表明轻度土壤水分胁迫促进籽粒灌浆,ABA起重要的调控作用。 相似文献
7.
小麦花后弱光对籽粒淀粉积累和相关酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2005—2007年选用小麦品种济麦20和山农1391, 在大田试验条件下研究了花后不同阶段弱光对籽粒淀粉积累、淀粉粒分布及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明, 花后不同阶段弱光显著降低成熟期籽粒淀粉积累量, 但提高了籽粒直链淀粉含量。花后不同阶段弱光使籽粒A型淀粉粒比例显著增加, B型淀粉粒比例显著降低。不同阶段弱光处理对籽粒淀粉积累的影响程度不同, 灌浆中期的效应大于灌浆前期。Logistic方程拟合籽粒淀粉积累进程发现, 花后弱光对籽粒淀粉积累量的影响, 主要是通过影响其平均积累速率与活跃期积累速率, 而不是积累持续期。花后弱光显著降低小麦磷酸蔗糖合酶(SPS)、蔗糖合酶(SS)和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)的活性。灌浆前期弱光使束缚态淀粉合酶(GBSS)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)活性高于对照或与对照无显著差异, 而灌浆中期弱光使这两种酶的活性均显著低于对照。灌浆前期弱光减少了淀粉合成底物的供应, 系旗叶SPS活性、籽粒SS及AGPase活性下降所致; 而灌浆中期弱光除淀粉合成底物减少外, 籽粒淀粉合酶活性亦降低。 相似文献
8.
灌水及化控对不同粒色小麦籽粒灌浆及叶绿素含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了研究灌水和化控处理对不同粒色小麦籽粒灌浆和叶绿素含量的影响,以3个不同粒色小麦为材料,采用不同灌水及化控处理,研究花后小麦颖壳、籽粒、旗叶叶绿素含量、千粒重以及籽粒蛋白质含量的变化情况.结果表明,花后5～30 d,灌2水比灌3水处理的干物质积累速度快,花后15 d和25 d时,灌2水与灌3水处理的千粒重差异显著.灌水对灌浆速率的影响与千粒重相似.籽粒、颖壳、旗叶叶绿素含量及籽粒蛋白质含量、千粒重、灌浆速率在不同粒色小麦中存在显著或极显著的差异.本试验中化控处理对籽粒灌浆和叶绿素含量均无显著影响. 相似文献
9.
为了研究灌浆期干旱对高粱籽粒淀粉积累的影响,以高淀粉高粱品种铁杂17（TZ17）和低淀粉品种辽杂11（LZ11）为试验材料,在灌浆的早期、中期、后期进行干旱胁迫,通过测定2个高粱品种的总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量及产量指标,研究灌浆期干旱胁迫对高粱籽粒淀粉积累及产量形成的影响。结果表明,2个高粱品种的总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量及产量均受干旱影响呈减少的变化趋势。灌浆期不同阶段干旱胁迫对淀粉积累的影响程度主要表现为灌浆早期>灌浆中期>灌浆后期;高淀粉品种（TZ17）比低淀粉品种（LZ11）更易受到干旱胁迫的影响;干旱胁迫下淀粉指标的变异系数依次为直链淀粉>支链淀粉/直链淀粉>总淀粉>支链淀粉,表明直链淀粉比支链淀粉更易受干旱胁迫的影响;灌浆期干旱胁迫影响籽粒淀粉的积累,降低了千粒重,最终影响高粱的籽粒产量。 相似文献
10.
花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成及其关键酶活性的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以2个蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种扬麦9号和豫麦34为材料,在人工气候室条件下研究了花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质合成关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质组分含量的影响。结果表明,籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量显著受温度、水分和温度×水分互作的影响,且温度的影响大于水分及温度×水分的影响。高温提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,但降低了谷/醇比。无论高温或适温下,干旱胁迫均提高籽粒蛋白质含量。谷/醇比在适温干旱下升高,高温干旱下降低;渍水降低籽粒蛋白质含量和谷/醇比。籽粒蛋白质含量在高温干旱下最高,适温渍水下最低。在温度和水分逆境下,籽粒醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的变化是导致蛋白质含量和谷/醇比差异的主要原因。高温和水分逆境均降低旗叶谷胺酰氨合成酶（GS）和籽粒谷-丙转氨酶（GPT）活性,不同温度条件下酶活性均表现为对照>干旱>渍水。高温和水分逆境对蛋白质合成关键酶活性的影响在不同品种间存在差异,适温下,豫麦34旗叶GS活性易受水分的抑制;扬麦9旗叶GS活性易受高温的抑制。高温下,豫麦34旗叶氮代谢受高温影响较大,而扬麦9则更易受水分胁迫影响。 相似文献
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Application of natural plant extracts improves the tolerance against combined terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Farooq M. Rizwan A. Nawaz A. Rehman R. Ahmad 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(6):528-538
Drought and heat are among the main abiotic stresses causing severe damage to the cereal productivity when occur at reproductive stages. In this study, ten wheat cultivars were screened for combined heat and drought tolerance imposed at booting, heading, anthesis and post‐anthesis stages, and role of the foliage applied plant extracts was evaluated in improving the performance of differentially responding wheat cultivars under terminal heat and drought stresses. During both years, wheat crop was raised under ambient temperature and 70% water holding capacity (WHC) till leaf boot stage. The plant extracts (3% each) of sorghum, brassica, sunflower and moringa were foliage applied at booting, anthesis and post‐anthesis stage; and after one week of application of these plant extracts, combined heat and drought was imposed at each respective stage. Heat and drought stresses were imposed at each respective stage by placing pots in glass canopies with temperature of 4 ± 2°C above than the ambient temperature in combination with drought stress (35% WHC) until maturity. Combination of drought and heat stresses significantly reduced the performance of tested wheat cultivars; however, stress at the booting and heading stages was more damaging than the anthesis and post‐anthesis stages. Cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and Chakwal‐50 remained green with extended duration for grain filling, resulting in the maintenance of number of grains per spike and 100‐grain weight under stress conditions and thus had better grain yield and water‐use efficiency. However, in cultivars Fsd‐2008, and Shafaq‐2006, the combined imposition of drought and heat accelerated the grain filling rate with decrease in grain filling duration, grain weight and grain yield. Foliar application of all the plant extracts improved the wheat performance under terminal heat and drought stress; however, brassica extract was the most effective. This improvement in grain yield, water‐use efficiency and transpiration efficiency due to foliage applied plant extracts, under terminal heat and drought stress, was owing to better stay‐green character and accumulation of more soluble phenolics, which imparted stress tolerance as indicated by relatively stable grain weight and grain number. In crux, growing of stay‐green wheat cultivars with better grain filling and foliage application of plant extracts may help improving the performance of bread wheat under combined heat and drought stresses. 相似文献
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D. Jiang H. Yue B. Wollenweber W. Tan H. Mu Y. Bo T. Dai Q. Jing & W. Cao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(2):89-97
Drought and flooding during grain filling have become major constraints to wheat quality and yield. The impacts of water deficits and waterlogging during the grain filling on contents of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and of glutenin macropolymers (GMP) in grains of the winter wheat cultivar Yumai 34 with high grain protein content (GPC) and Yangmai 9 with low GPC were studied. At maturity, GPC was higher under drought and lower under waterlogging compared to the control, while contents of GMP and HMW-GS were reduced by the two water-stress treatments. The contents of both HMW-GS and GMP were higher in Yumai 34 than in Yangmai 9. A drought event after anthesis increased the accumulation of HMW-GS during the early grain filling stage. By contrast, waterlogging reduced the accumulation of HMW-GS during the whole grain filling phase. At maturity, the HMW-GS and GMP to protein ratios were also depressed under the two water-stress events, while the HMW-GS to GMP ratio was very close between the three treatments in Yumai 34 and much higher under the control than the drought and waterlogging treaments in Yangmai 9. It is concluded that the variation in GMP content with various water-stress treatments is attributed to the changing in accumulation of HMW-GS in the grain. 相似文献
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Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Farooq F. Nadeem M. Y. Arfat M. Nabeel S. Musadaq S. A. Cheema A. Nawaz 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(3):298-312
The allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses. 相似文献
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Drought Priming at Vegetative Growth Stage Enhances Nitrogen‐Use Efficiency Under Post‐Anthesis Drought and Heat Stress in Wheat 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Liu X. Li D. H. Larsen X. Zhu F. Song F. Liu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(1):29-40
To study the effects of early drought priming at 5th‐leaf stage on grain yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress, wheat plants were first exposed to moderate drought stress (drought priming; that is, the leaf water potential reached ca. ?0.9 MP a) at the 5th‐leaf stage for 11 days, and leaf water relations and gas exchange rates, grain yield and yield components, and agronomic nitrogen‐use efficiency (ANUE ) of the primed and non‐primed plants under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress were investigated. Compared with the non‐primed plants, the drought‐primed plants possessed higher leaf water potential and chlorophyll content, and consequently a higher photosynthetic rate during post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming also resulted in higher grain yield and ANUE in wheat under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming at vegetative stage improves carbon assimilation and ANUE under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress and their combination in wheat, which might be used as a field management tool to enhance stress tolerance of wheat crops to multiple abiotic stresses in a future drier and warmer climate. 相似文献
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春小麦籽粒灌浆过程淀粉和蛋白质积累规律的初步研究 总被引：37，自引：2，他引：37
利用蛋白质含量和产量各异的３个春小麦品种，Ｒｏｂｌｉｎ、东农７７４２和新克旱９号，研究了灌浆过程中可溶性性糖、淀粉和蛋白质积累规律，结果表明：籽粒灌浆过程中可溶性糖含量由开花１４天开始逐渐减少，成熟期达最低值，品种间的差异仅表现以１４天和２０天两个时期：淀粉积累动态与可溶性糖变化规律相反，随灌浆成熟而逐渐增加，品种间差异达显著水平；蛋白质积累动态年际间稍有差异，总的趋势是随灌浆成熟而逐渐增加，开花 相似文献