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1.
Multi-environment trials represent a highly valuable tool for the identification of the genetic bases of crop yield potential and stress adaptation. A Diversity Array Technology®-based barley map has been developed in the ‘Nure’ × ‘Tremois’ biparental Doubled Haploid population, harbouring the genomic position of a gene set with a putative role in the regulation of flowering time and abiotic stress response in barley. The population has been evaluated in eighteen location-by-year combinations across the Mediterranean basin. QTL mapping identified several genomic regions responsible for barley adaptation to Mediterranean conditions in terms of phenology, grain yield and yield component traits. The most frequently detected yield QTL had the early flowering HvCEN_EPS2 locus (chromosome 2H) as peak marker, showing a positive effect from the early winter parent ‘Nure’ in eight field trials, and explaining up to 45.8 % of the observed variance for grain yield. The HvBM5A_VRN-H1 locus on chromosome 5H and the genomic region possibly corresponding to PPD-H2 on chromosome 1H were significantly associated to grain yield in five and three locations, respectively. Environment-specific QTLs for grain yield, and clusters of yield component QTLs not related to phenology and or developmental genes (e.g. on chromosome 4H, BIN_09) were observed as well. The results of this work provide a valuable source of knowledge and tools for both explaining the genetic bases of barley yield adaptation across the Mediterranean basin, and using QTL-associated markers for MAS pre-breeding and breeding programmes.  相似文献   

2.
利用回交导入系定位干旱环境下水稻植株水分状况相关QTL   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
赵秀琴  徐建龙  朱苓华  黎志康 《作物学报》2008,34(10):1696-1703
日益严重的水资源危机使水稻的耐旱育种尤为迫切, 干旱环境下较高的植株水分含量有助于提高或维持作物产量的稳定性, 挖掘与耐旱性密切相关的分子标记有助于提高耐旱品种的选育效率。从供体Lemont (粳稻)导入到特青(籼稻)背景的254个高代回交导入系中筛选出覆盖供体全基因组的55个回交导入系, 采用PVC管栽培, 分析了干旱(胁迫)条件下水稻植株水分状况相关性状与籽粒产量、生物量的相关性并定位了相关QTL。研究表明, 植株水分相关性状(相对含水量、叶片水势、渗透势、卷叶度)均与籽粒产量显著相关。检测到7个相对含水量QTL, 7个叶片水势QTL, 5个渗透势QTL及5个卷叶QTL; 另检测到5个产量QTL, 7个生物量QTL。分析发现, 不仅QLwp5、QLr5、QRwc5和QY5同时分布在RM509~RM163区域, 且该区域还分布有对水分环境表现稳定的产量QTL(QGy5), 效应方向一致, 从遗传学角度解释了籽粒产量与水分相关性状之间的显著相关性。另外, QLr5、QRwc5、QY5、QLr2、QLr7、QLr8、QLr9、QRwc3、QRwc4a、QRwc12及QY7 等11个QTL曾在不同遗传背景群体中被检测到, 它们控制相同目标性状。研究认为RM509~RM163区域及QLr2、QLr7、QLr8、QLr9、QRwc3、QRwc4a、QRwc12和QY7所分布的染色体区域对水分环境或者遗传背景相对稳定, 在水稻分子标记辅助选择(MAS)耐旱育种实践中有较重要利用价值。  相似文献   

3.
高产棉花品种泗棉3号产量及其构成因素的QTL标记和定位   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
利用我国长江流域大面积种植的高衣分、高产品种泗棉3号和西班牙陆地棉栽培品种Carmen,构建RIL作图群体,在3个环境中进行产量及其构成因素的QTLs标记和定位,研究了泗棉3号高产特性的分子机理。用2 523对SSR引物,进行双亲的多态性检测,其中62对（2.46%）有多态性,它们共产生65个稳定的多态性位点。通过复合区间作图,共检测到1个单株果节数、1个铃重、2个籽指、1个衣指和1个百粒籽棉重等8个产量构成因素的QTLs。单标记分析还在多环境中检测到17个产量构成因素的QTLs。与这些QTLs紧密连锁的分子标记可以用于对产量及其构成因素的分子标记辅助选择。  相似文献   

4.
Associations between markers and drought related traits were investigated on a set of 57 advanced barley breeding lines, carrying various levels of introgression from Hordeum spontaneum lines 41-1 and 41-5, the best sources of drought tolerance in the ICARDA barley breeding program, using 74 simple sequences repeats (SSR) and 20 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The 57 lines were evaluated for grain yield and drought related traits for three years (2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06) in nine Mediterranean low rainfall environments. A high level of polymorphism was found with SSR markers, and the mean polymorphism information content and gene diversity values were 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 11, with an average of 5.8 alleles per marker. Considering all the 57 lines, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was significant at a comparison-wise P?<?0.01 level in nearly 9 % of the SSR marker pairs used and a decay of LD was observed to a value of r 2?<?0.2 at a genetic distance of 40?cM. The association analysis revealed a total of 147 significant marker?Ctrait associations for grain yield and drought related traits. A total of 72 (49 %) marker?Ctrait associations showed favorable effects of the exotic germplasm where the H. spontaneum lines contributed to an improvement of the trait under drought stress conditions. The number of significant marker?Ctrait associations per trait were: 12 for growth habit; 2 for growth vigor; 11 for peduncle extrusion; 5 for number of grains per spike; 20 for peduncle length; 16 for days to heading; 20 for plant height; 8 for spike length; 17 for thousand kernel weight; 30 for grain yield; 4 for harvest index and 2 for biological yield. The phenotypic variation explained by individual marker?Ctrait associations ranged from 7.6 % to 36.2 %. The identification of genomic regions associated with grain yield and drought related traits is useful for the genetic improvement of cultivars better adapted to drought stress environments. Thus, the present study is encouraging in identifying significant marker?Ctrait associations through LD based association mapping analysis, which could complement and augment previous quantitative trait loci information for the potential use of Marker Assisted Selection for drought.  相似文献   

5.
吕品  于海峰  侯建华 《作物学报》2018,44(3):385-396
干旱是造成向日葵减产的最主要因素之一。利用综合性状优良的自交系K55作为轮回亲本与抗旱自交系K58杂交构建回交导入系, 在干旱条件下进行单株产量筛选, 得到45个BC3F2抗旱定向选择导入系。通过全基因组SSR及SNP标记扫描, 以方差分析和基于遗传搭车原理的卡方检验对呼和浩特市及武川县两点、两种水分条件下的5个产量性状进行QTL检测。方差分析检测到的QTL根据不同环境下的表达情况分为三类, 第一类在两种水分条件下稳定表达, 包括武川的4个百粒重QTL及呼和浩特的2个单株产量QTL、3个单株实粒数QTL, 这些QTL可能对向日葵抗旱性有直接贡献; 第二类受干旱胁迫表达, 包括呼和浩特的30个和武川的27个; 第三类仅在正常供水条件下被检测到, 包括呼和浩特的38个和武川的64个。卡方检验检测到极显著位点274个。用两种方法共检测到一致性位点14个, 可能是与向日葵抗旱性相关的关键位点。本研究结果可为向日葵高效抗旱分子育种奠定基础并提供相关材料。  相似文献   

6.
Salinity is a major abiotic stress to barley (Hordum vulgare L.) growth and yield. In the current study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and physiological components at the late growth stage under salt stress and non-stress environments were determined in barley using a double haploid population derived from a cross between CM72 (salt-tolerant) and Gairdner (salt-sensitive). A total of 30 QTLs for 10 traits, including tiller numbers (TN), plant height, spikes per line (SPL), spikes per plant (SPP), dry weight per plant, grains per plant, grain yield, shoot Na+ (NA) and K+ concentraitions (K) in shoot, and Na+/K+ ratio (NAK), were detected, with 17 and 13 QTLs under non-stress and salt stress, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 3.25 to 29.81%. QTL flanked by markers bPb-1278 and bPb-8437 on chromosomes 4H was associated with TN, SPL, and SPP under salt stress. This locus may be useful in the breeding program of marker-assisted selection for improving salt tolerance of barley. However, QTLs associated with NA, K, and NAK differed greatly between non-stress and salt stress environments. It may be suggested that only the QTLs detected under salt stress are really associated with salt tolerance in barley. D. Xue and Y. Huang contributed equally to the article.  相似文献   

7.
To study barley adaptation and improvement in the Mediterranean basin, a collection of 188 entries comprising landraces and old genotypes and current modern varieties from the Mediterranean basin and elsewhere was tested on moisture‐contrasted environments in seven Mediterranean countries, during 2004 and 2005 harvest seasons. The experimental design consisted of an unreplicated trial for all entries, augmented by four repeated checks to which a partial replicate containing a quarter of the entries was added. Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (BLUPs) representing adjusted genotypic means were generated for individual trials using a mixed model. BLUPs were used for genotype by environment interaction analysis using main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplots of yield ranked data and for comparisons of landraces, old and modern genotypes using analysis of variance. Mean yields ranged from near crop failure to 6 t/ha. Local landraces were better adapted to environments yielding below 2 t/ha, thus breeding has mostly benefited environments yielding above 2 t/ha where modern genotypes out yielded landraces and old cultivars by 15%. Current barley selection is leading to specifically adapted genotypes.  相似文献   

8.
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was conducted on data generated from two pot experiments carried out in 2005 (using four nitrogen rates) and 2008 (with three rates) with AFLP markers and 94 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the Prisma × Apex mapping population. In total 41 QTLs were detected on 6 chromosomes and for 18 traits in both trials. About 95 % of the detected QTLs were with major additive effects. The percentage of variance accounted for by individual QTLs in the multiple QTL mapping model ranged from 8.4 to 54.4 % across all mapped traits in both years. Fifteen QTLs were related to NUE and its components; most of these QTLs were detected at lower nitrogen rates and none at the highest rate in both trials. These QTLs were found on Chromosomes 3(3H) and 7(5H) in 2005 and Chromosome 2(2H) in 2008. Except for the QTLs of plant height and NUE based on grain yield, none of the QTLs which were detected for a given trait in 2005, expressed themselves in 2008 irrespective of the nitrogen levels. QTLs controlling some traits were co-located in each year, and QTLs for many traits were detected on the same chromosome and close to the denso locus. Further research is needed to investigate the possibility to reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements through breeding while maintaining high yield of barley.  相似文献   

9.
A set of 192 barley genotypes of wide eco-geographic origin were evaluated for flowering time (FT), the major adaptive trait in Ethiopian barleys. Morphological, functional and DArT markers were used to explore trait-marker associations, population structure, genetic diversity and extent of pair-wise linkage disequilibrium (LD). A wide magnitude of variation in FT was detected within and across environments and spanned at least 50–60?days with clear G?×?E interactions (GEI). The average DArT polymorphism estimated by gene diversity and polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.33 and 0.27 respectively. Four distinct subpopulations, with one outlying group were identified which indicated that the populations were structured. The genome-wide LD extended up to 25?cM, with extensive variation at chromosome level. Markers associated with FT were found close to known QTLs for FT such as VRN-H1, VRN-H3, Ppd-H1, Ppd-H2 and earliness per se (Eps-2S), but also in regions known for FT-like and CO-like genes working under short days. In some QTLs the magnitudes and directions of the effects varied with environments. It is proposed that genes conditioning tolerance to drought and/or waterlogging interact with FT genes and modify the phenotype. A non-random association of alleles on different chromosomes—vrs1 (2H), BYDV resistance (3H) and srh (5H) associated with altitude and FT indicated a co-adapted gene complex. A set of 95 genotypes were selected to represent the Ethiopian section of the Barley Core Collection.  相似文献   

10.
Summary Among the cultivars of bread wheat, durum wheat and barley grown in the South of Italy, genetic variation for adaptation to the high temperature and drought stress conditions typical of the Mediterranean environment has been found.The basic data have been extrapolated from 5 years of Italian national network cultivar trials, where 20–30 cultivars were grown in replicated plot trials in 30–50 locations per year, including some where stress strongly affected grain yield.After careful identification of the most representative years and testing sites it was possible to characterise the cultivars on the basis of the grain yield in stress conditions and the Fischer & Maurer (1978) susceptibility index and to find genotypic differences sufficiently repeatable in years.The cultivars giving the best yield under stress associated with low susceptibility indices were in bread wheat: Etruria, Spada, Pandas, Centauro, Oderzo, Costantino and Gladio, in durum wheat: Aldura, Arcangelo, Adamello, Vespro and Capeiti, in barley: Fleuret, Barberousse, Jaidor, Express, Trebbia, Georgie, Dahlia, Criter and Magie.  相似文献   

11.
Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) became a widely used method to map qualitative and quantitative traits in plants. We compared existing single‐marker and haplotype‐based methods for GWAS with a focus on barley. Based on German winter barley cultivars, four different single‐marker and haplotype‐based methods were tested for their power to detect significant associations in a large genome with a limited number of markers. We identified significant associations for yield and quality‐related traits using the iSelect array with 3886 mapped single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in a structured population consisting of 109 genotypes. Genome simulations with different numbers of genotypes, marker densities and marker effects were used to compare different GWAS methods. Results of simulations revealed a higher power in detecting significant associations for haplotype‐ than for single‐marker approaches, but showed a higher false discovery rate for SNP detection, due to lack of correction for population structure. Our simulations revealed that a population size of about 500 individuals is required to detect QTLs explaining a small trait variance (<10%).  相似文献   

12.
Genotype-by-environment interactions (GEIs) can affect breeding progress because they often complicate the evaluation and selection of superior genotypes. This drawback can be reduced by gaining insights into GEI processes and genotype adaptation. Here, we have studied the GEIs over a set of 24 barley genotypes that were grown across six environments (location-by-year combinations) in Sardinia, Italy. Three groups of genotypes were analysed: barley landraces (LANs), recombinant inbred lines (RILs), and commercial varieties (VARs). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used for data analysis, and results evidenced no significant differences in grain yield averages for the 24 genotypes. However, there was a relevant GEI for yield mainly between two of the six environments (one characterised by warm pre-anthesis period and high spring rainfalls, and the other characterised by opposite features) and two groups of genotypes (VAR and LAN). Moreover, a negative trade-off between yield levels of genotypes was seen when the barley genotypes were grown in the contrasting environments. Overall, intermediate GEI levels were seen for RILs in comparison to LANs and VARs, and some of the RILs provided valuable yield levels (e.g. RILs 23 and 52). The results thus show the potential usefulness of LANs as a genetic resource for breeding, e.g. to obtain genotypes adapted to Mediterranean environments, such as the RILs analysed in this study. Most of the actual work was carried out when the first author was a PhD student in ‘Agro-meteorology and ecophysiology of agricultural and forest systems’ and she was affiliated to Dipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche e Genetica Vegetale Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. de Nicola, Sassari 07100, Italy.  相似文献   

13.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important winter cereal crop grown in the semiarid Mediterranean, where late‐terminal drought stress during grain filling has recently become more common. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth performance and grain yield of four barley cultivars under late‐terminal drought stress under both glasshouse and field conditions. At grain filling, four barley cultivars (Rum, ACSAD176, Athroh and Yarmouk) were exposed to three watering treatments: (1) well‐watered [soil maintained at 75 % field capacity (FC)], (2) mild drought stress at 50 % FC, (3) severe drought stress at 25 % FC in the glasshouse experiment and (1) well‐watered (irrigated once a week), (2) mild drought (irrigated once every 2 weeks), (3) severe drought (non‐irrigated; rainfed) in the field. As drought stress severity increased, gross photosynthetic rate, water potential, plant height, grain filling duration, spike number per plant, grain number per spike, 1000‐grain weight, straw yield, grain yield and harvest index decreased. In the glasshouse experiment, the six‐row barley cultivars (Rum, ACSAD176, and Athroh) had higher grain yield than the two‐row barley cultivar (Yarmouk), but the difference was not significant among the six‐row cultivars under all treatments. In the field experiment, Rum had the highest grain yield among all cultivars under the mild drought stress treatment. The two‐row cultivar (Yarmouk) had the lowest grain yield. In general, the traditional cultivar Rum had either similar or higher grain yield than the other three cultivars under all treatments. However, the yield response to drought differed between the cultivars. Those, Rum and ACSAD176, that were capable of maintaining a higher proportion of their spikes and grains per spike during drought also maintained a higher proportion of their yield compared with those in well‐watered treatment. In conclusion, cultivar differences in grain yield were related to spike number per plant and grain number per spike, but not days to heading or grain filling duration.  相似文献   

14.
干旱是主要的非生物胁迫性灾害,极大地威胁到全球的粮食供应,是影响农业生产的最重要因素之一。因此,培育抗旱性植物是解决干旱危害和粮食危机的根本途径。野生大麦已经适应广泛的干旱环境并具有丰富的遗传多样性,它们的抗旱基因与抗旱相关数量性状位点(QTLs)已经确定,对改良大麦抗旱性有巨大的潜力。综述了野生大麦的抗旱性及其在大麦改良中的应用,并对大麦抗旱育种中存在的问题以及今后发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

15.
In drought areas, in which topsoil moisture is low, barley seeds are generally sown in the subsoil (deep-seeding). In order for the shoots of germinating seeds to emerge from the deep soil cover, the coleoptile and the first internode of the seedlings must elongate as an adaptive response to deep-seeding. Here, we have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these adaptive characteristics. Elongation of the coleoptile and first internode was investigated using seeds sown under two soil cover conditions: at a depth of 9 cm beneath a soil mixture; and, at a depth of 12 cm beneath vermiculite. We identified multiple alleles for increased coleoptile and first internode elongation using a doubled haploid population of 150 lines generated from a cross between the barley cultivars Harrington and TR306. Composite interval mapping analyses of the data revealed two moderate and eleven small effect QTLs, with at least one QTL on each chromosome. The QTLs on chromosomes 5H and 7H had moderate effects on coleoptile elongation (18.5–27.6% of PVE: phenotypic variance explained; 2.6–3.2 mm of Add: additive effect) and first internode elongation (PVE: 16.6–19.6%; Add: 3.1–3.2 mm). The small effect QTLs showed PVEs of less than 15% and an Add range of 1.2–3.2 mm for both characters. A marker assisted selection approach, using markers linked to the QTLs for seedling elongation at deep-seeding, may eventually enable development of drought tolerant barley hybrids.  相似文献   

16.
A pearl millet mapping population from a cross between ICMB841 and 863B was studied for DNA polymorphism to construct a genetic linkage map, and to map genomic regions associated with grain and stover yield, and aspects of drought tolerance. To identify genomic regions associated with these traits, mapping population testcrosses of 79 F3 progenies were evaluated under post-flowering drought stress conditions over 2 years and in the background of two elite testers. A significant genotype × drought stress treatment interaction was evident in the expression of grain and stover yield in drought environments and in the background of testers over the 2 years. As a result of this, genomic regions associated with grain and stover yield and the aspects of drought tolerance were also affected: some regions were more affected by the changes in the environments (i.e. severity and duration of drought stress) while others were commonly identified across the drought stress environments and tester background used. In most instances, both harvest index and panicle harvest index co-mapped with grain yield suggesting that increased drought tolerance and yield of pearl millet that mapped to these regions was achieved by increased partitioning of dry matter from stover to the grains. Drought stress treatments, years and testers interactions on genomic regions associated with grain and stover yield of pearl millet are discussed, particularly, in reference to genetic improvement of drought tolerance of this crop using marker-assisted selection.  相似文献   

17.
Moisture stress is the major constraint to rice production and its stability in rainfed, mainly irrigated, and aerobic environments. Identification of genomic regions conferring tolerance to stress would improve our understanding of the genetics of stress response and result in the development of drought tolerant cultivars. In the present study, quantitative trait loci for drought response related traits and as well as grain yield were identified using a set of 140 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the popular high-yielding variety, IR64 and the landrace, INRC10192. A total of 36 QTL were identified for grain yield and its components under control and stress conditions. Strikingly, a QTL cluster flanked by the markers RM38 and RM331 on chromosome 8 was found to be associated with grain yield, plant height, no. of productive tillers, chaffy grains, and spikelet fertility on secondary rachis and biomass under stress treatment. The genomic regions associated with these QTL under drought stress will be useful for the development of marker-based breeding for drought tolerant, high-yielding varieties suited to drought-prone areas.  相似文献   

18.
Global heading time data collected by the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) during the International Barley Yield Trials were used to assess similarity of environments, variation among cultivars, and genotype × environment interactions. Data for 29 spring barley cultivars grown in 89 environments over three years were analyzed by cluster analysis. The deviation m days to heading of the mean of 28 photoperiod sensitive cultivars from the cultivar ‘Mona’ and the mean of ‘Mona’, homozygous recessive for the eak gene conferring photoperiod insensitivity and thermal stability, were used as environmental coordinates. In addition, diversity of heading time responses among genotypes was illustrated by differences among overall means and patterns of deviation for days to heading from ‘Mona’ in selected environments. Three main clusters were identified. Mexican environments were similar to warmer Mediterranean, eastern and southern African, West Asian, and Latin American environments. Heading time responses in Syria were similar to those observed m other cool Mediterranean environments. Early heading cultivars exhibited greater variation for heading response, especially in extremely warm-and equaiorial- short daylength environments, com-pared to late heading cultivars, presumably because of larger photothermal × genotype interactions. Photoperiod flux about the winter solstice appeared to be a major environmental cue for heading time in photoperiod sensitive spring barleys.  相似文献   

19.
To improve our knowledge on the genetic control of drought tolerance, the Oregon Wolfe Barleys (OWB), considered as a reference population in genetic mapping, were subjected to various types of water deficit. Overall, when investigating numerous environments and replications, 40 QTLs were identified in three developmental stages. Based on these loci five QTL clusters were separated, which affect various drought-related traits in at least two developmental stages. Several candidate genes were identified for each QTL cluster using an expressed sequence tag (EST)-based map with high marker density. The putative role of the candidates in drought tolerance is discussed. The phenotypic effect of three of the five candidate genes was also tested on 39 barley landraces and cultivars and a significant relationship was found between the allelic composition of these genes and yield production under stress conditions. This study presents a relevant example of the use of reliable QTL data in the candidate gene approach, while also demonstrating how the results could be practically utilized in marker-assisted selection (MAS).  相似文献   

20.
干旱胁迫对玉米产量及其相关性状有重要影响。本研究以我国玉米育种骨干亲本齐319和掖478分别和黄早四组配构建的两个F2:3群体为材料,应用逐步联合分析的QTL定位方法,剖析新疆不同水分环境下(包含水区和旱区)玉米产量构成因子及籽粒相关性状的遗传基础。结果表明,在相同水分处理不同年份间产量构成因子和籽粒相关性状超过70%的QTL可稳定表达,旱区QTL的稳定性明显低于水区,当全部环境联合分析时,各性状QTL稳定性呈现一定程度的降低,但超过60%的QTL仍然稳定表达。两群体中共检测到11个环境钝感的主效QTL(在2个以上环境中检测到,且至少在一个环境下的贡献率大于10%),分布在bin1.10、2.00、4.09、7.02、9.02、10.04和10.07共7个基因组区段上,除bin10.04外所有环境钝感的主效QTL在全部环境下稳定表达。因此,玉米产量构成因子和籽粒相关性状的QTL在新疆相同水分处理不同年份间,甚至不同水分条件下大部分均可稳定表达,这些主效QTL位点可为抗旱分子育种和进一步精细定位提供参考。  相似文献   

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