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1.
Respiratory viruses may infect both small and large ruminant species, and can be transmitted among those of species. Present study reports presence and serological distribution of bovine respiratory viral infections in sheep and goats in Marmara region of Turkey. Total of 388 sera, 228 from sheep and 160 from goats collected from 4 provinces were analysed. Neutralising antibodies specific to BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, PI-3, BAV-1 and BAV-3 were investigated. Among 388 serum samples 32.1% were positive for BVDV, 23.0% for BHV-1, 72.9% for BRSV, 13.2% for PI-3, 86.0% for BAV-1 and 93.0% for BAV-3. There were significant differences observed between seroprevalence rates detected in neighbouring provinces. Prevalence of BVDV specific antibodies was extremely higher (p = 0.0009) in sheep, however, BHV-1 (p = 0.0001) and PI-3 (p = 0.0038) were more prevalent in goats. BRSV antibody prevalence was closely related to data obtained from cattle. This study demonstrates that, like in cattle herds, BRSV and adenoviruses are the possible common reason of respiratory diseases in small ruminants in the region.  相似文献   

2.
A total of 124 blood samples were collected from 92 sheep and 32 goats from 21 randomly selected herds located in two regions of Greece. Data on the characteristics of the animals (species, gender, age, tick burden, presence of haemoglobinuria, prior treatment for babesiosis) and the herd (location, size, species of animals, dogs associated with the herds, tick burden of dogs associated with the herds) were collected through questionnaires. Nineteen animals (15%) produced the DNA fragment specific for Babesia of which 16 were sheep and three were goats. Nucleotide sequence of PCR products revealed 100% homology with Babesia ovis 18S rRNA gene. Nine farms (43%) were found positive for B. ovis. The percentage of positive animals in each farm varied between 10 and 61%. The relative risk of the presence of ticks in sheep and goats (p<0.01) and farm dogs (p<0.01) for PCR-positive results for B. ovis in sheep and goats was found 6.63 and 4.14, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对我国部分省(区)的羊泰勒虫病进行了血清学调查,以便了解近年来我国羊泰勒虫病的流行现状.2004-2005年间,在我国部分省(区)总共采集到1 170份绵羊和山羊血清,并用间接ELISA检测抗羊泰勒虫抗体.结果显示,在5省13个县中除甘肃景泰县无羊泰勒虫病,其他地方均有羊泰勒虫病,且甘肃临洮感染率最高为93.8%,表明羊泰勒虫病在我国北方羊群中流行仍相当严重.此外,从2001年4月至2002年3月,从野外采集青海血蜱感染3只绵羊,收集1年的血清,采用ELISA方法,对羊泰勒虫血清抗体水平动态进行了评定,结果表明,实验室人工感染的抗羊泰勒虫抗体水平在感染后40 d最高,按此结果推算,在野外蜱的出现时间是4月份,收集血清应在5月中旬.  相似文献   

4.
We studied the prevalence of Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:k:1,5,(7) (S. IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7)) in 133 Norwegian sheep herds from throughout the country. We used a nested case-control study to identify major risk factors. Two pooled samples (one from lambs and one from adult sheep) were collected from each herd from (10 different) abattoirs. The regional prevalence varied from 0 to 45%, and was more prevalent in adults than in lambs. Sixteen of the 133 herds tested positive to S. IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7), and these positive herds were included in the questionnaire-based nested case-control part of the study. The controls were stratified according to abattoir. Above-median herd size, having white crossbreed sheep, and higher annual replacement percentage were the most evident risk factors.  相似文献   

5.
This study was performed to investigate the presence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in dromedary camels (Camelus dromaderius) kept in mixed herds with sheep and goats in Algeria, since the prevalence of BHV-1, BVDV, and BLV infections among dromedary camels in Algeria is unknown. Totally, 111 camel sera were collected from two provinces (Laghouat and Ghardaia) in Algeria. The sera were analyzed for BHV-1 specific antibodies, BVDV specific antibodies and BVDV antigen using the ELISA, and BLV nucleic acid using PCR. The seropositivity rate was 9.0% for BVDV-specific antibody, although 41.4% of camels tested were positive for BVDV antigen. Moreover, there was no evidence of BHV-1 and BLV infections. The results indicated that camels might represent an important source for BVDV infection in all ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats bred in mixed herds in Algeria, since they had a higher BVDV prevalence rates. Therefore, the prevention and control measures for BVDV infection should put in place in camel populations to limit the spread of BVDV infection to ruminant populations in Algeria.  相似文献   

6.
Li W  She R  Wei H  Zhao J  Wang Y  Sun Q  Zhang Y  Wang D  Li R 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(1-2):75-83
This study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV in pig herds under different breeding environment and in abattoirs located in Beijing, China. In total 638 sera samples and 114 liver samples were collected for a serological survey and a RT-PCR assay, respectively. The average prevalence rate of HEV in pig herds in Beijing suburb were 47.5-100%. Seropositive rate was 76.6% for pig herds of large-scale and 90% for family-scale farms. For sera samples collected from abattoir, 127 samples (78.4%) were found to be positive. Among four liver samples (3.5%) that positive for HEV RNA detection, two strains of HEV has been identified. the two detected HEV sequences shared 99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with each other, and 76.4-81.0%, 76.5-76.8%, 75.7-79.0% and 85.2-96.4% with related strains representing genotype 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Further phylogenetic analysis revealed two HEV sequences belonged to genotype 4 and exhibited a high identity with strain JKO-ChiSai98C (95.4 and 95.7%), and with strains 87, 277 and 292 (96.1-96.4%) isolated from patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E in Beijing, China. The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of HEV in the pig herds were quite high. Additional public-health concerns might be placed on pork safety.  相似文献   

7.
Data collected in the Netherlands during the Bluetongue serotype 8 (BTV-8) epidemic indicated that in outbreak cattle herds, predominantly dairy and nursing cows were clinically affected and not young stock, beef cattle, beef calves, or breeding animals. In outbreak sheep flocks, mainly ewes and - if present - rams, were clinically affected and not the lambs. Median morbidity rate in outbreak herds was 1.85 per 100 sheep-month at risk and 0.32 per 100 cattle-month at risk for sheep and cattle, respectively. The mean proportion of BT-affected animals in outbreak herds that recovered from clinical disease was approximately eight times higher for cattle compared to sheep in the Netherlands. Median mortality rate in outbreak herds was 0.5 per 100 sheep-month at risk of dying and 0 per 100 cattle-month at risk of dying for sheep and cattle, respectively. Median recovery time of both sheep and cattle that recovered from clinical disease in outbreak herds was 14 days. Median case fatality was 50% in sheep outbreak flocks and 0% in outbreak cattle herds. It is concluded that morbidity and mortality in outbreak cattle herds was very limited during the BTV-8 epidemic in the Netherlands in 2006. In outbreak sheep flocks, morbidity was limited, with exceptions for a few flocks. However, almost 50% of the clinically sick sheep died in outbreak sheep herds.  相似文献   

8.
During March 2013, we investigated the presence and the levels of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) circulation in three dairy cow herds and three sheep flocks in Central Macedonia, Greece. In two cow herds, a high number of abortions had been observed during the winter. Six bulk-tank milk samples and 147 individual sera were screened for SBV-specific antibodies by ELISA. Positive reactions were obtained from 5 out of 6 bulk-tank milk samples, 58 out of 90 sera from the 3 cow herds, and 2 sera from 2 of the 3 sheep flocks. Twenty-two ELISA-positive sera were tested by serum neutralization test (SNT). SNT confirmed the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SBV in all samples tested, with titers ranging between 1:32 and ≥1:256. No neutralizing antibodies against Akabane virus (AKAV) or Shamonda virus (SHAV) were detected, indicating that neutralizing antibodies against SBV do not cross react with AKAV or SHAV in SNT. ELISA testing of bulk-tank milk samples proved to be convenient and reliable. None of the tested sera was found positive for SBV by real-time RT-PCR, indicating that the sampling was conducted past the viremia stage. This is the first report of SBV circulation in Greece.  相似文献   

9.

Background

The prevalence of Salmonella in food producing animals is very low in Sweden due to rigorous control programmes. However, no active surveillance is in place in sheep. The authorities decided to perform a prevalence study in sheep herds because findings at slaughter indicated that sheep associated S. diarizonae (S. enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:(k):1, 5, (7)) might be common in sheep. Sampling was stratified by herd size in two groups, small herds with ≤ 30 animals and large herds with > 30 animals. In each stratum, 237 herds were selected at random. Faecal samples received from 244 out of the 474 randomly selected herds were analysed.

Results

A total of 40 of 100 (40%) of large herds and 17 of 144 (12%) of small herds were positive. The overall adjusted prevalence was 17.6% (95% CI, 12.9-22.2). Sheep associated S. diarizonae was detected in all counties (n = 21). Scientific opinions and an evaluation of on-farm control measures performed concluded that the impact of sheep associated S. diarizonae on human health is very low, and that risk management measures applied in response to findings of sheep associated S. diarizonae in sheep or sheep meat can be expected to have very little impact on reducing risks to human health. As a result, Swedish authorities decided to make an exemption for sheep associated Salmonella diarizonae in sheep and sheep meat in the current Salmonella control measures.

Conclusions

Sheep associated S. diarizonae is endemic in Swedish sheep herds. It is more common in large herds and not limited to certain parts of the country. The responsible authorities concluded that current risk management actions regarding sheep associated S. diarizonae in sheep and sheep meat are not proportional to the risk. This is the first time in the history of the Swedish Salmonella control programme that an exemption from the legislation has been made for a specific serovar. If there is any future indication of an increasing risk, due to e.g. change in the pathogenicity or development of antimicrobial resistance, the risk assessment will be re-evaluated and control measures reinforced if needed.  相似文献   

10.
Serum samples collected randomly from 416 cattle in 48 herds, and 411 sheep in 47 flocks, in eight different locations in the east of Turkey between June and December 1998, were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to determine the prevalence of Q fever. The age, sex, breed, tick control and abortion history of the animals were also recorded. In addition, 102 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy people who were at risk of contracting the disease, such as farmers, veterinarians, abattoir and laboratory workers, and veterinary students. Seropositivity was observed in 5-8 per cent (24/416) of the cattle in 17 (35-4 per cent) of the herds and in 10-5 per cent (43/411) of the sheep in 21 (44-7 per cent) of the flocks. Eight of the 102 people were seropositive, with the highest prevalence (12-0 per cent) in farmers and abattoir workers. All the seropositive farmers had seropositive animals. None of the laboratory workers or veterinary students was seropositive.  相似文献   

11.
One hundred and forty seven samples of pig faeces collected from 14 herds located in different parts of Finland were examined for Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4 serotype 0:3. Twenty six (17.7%) animals and 5 herds (35.7%) were positive. The tonsils of 350 animals from 35 herds with high condemnation figures at meat inspection and the tonsils of 131 animals from 13 herds with low condemnation figures collected from 2 abattoirs in southwest Finland were also examined. The prevalence raes of Y.e. in animals were 38.3% and 31.3% and in herds 74.3% and 61.5%, respectively. The prevalence of Y.e. in herds with the high and low partial condemnation percentages did not differ significantly. No isolation of Y.e. was made from 104 samples of pork and minced pork collected from retail markets in Helsinki and from exporting slaughterhouses.  相似文献   

12.
AIM: To determine the relationship between the concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum in red deer, and to compare this relationship with those previously reported in cattle and sheep.

METHODS: Paired serum and heparinised plasma samples from 114 red deer from 10 herds (n=6-20 per herd) were analysed for concentrations of Cu. Samples were collected either at slaughter (n=84; eight herds) or by jugular venepuncture (n=30; two herds). Thirty-nine of the samples taken at slaughter were from adult hinds from four herds, while other samples were taken from 10–14-month-old males, except for one herd (10 samples) where an equal number of 8–9-month-old males and females were sampled. The effect of age, gender and herd on the relationship between concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum was assessed using univariate ANOVA. The individual results for concentrations of Cu in serum were compared with those in plasma, using limits-of-agreement plotting.

RESULTS: The mean concentration of Cu in plasma was not significantly different from that of serum (0.048; 95% CI=-0.14 to 0.24 µmol/L). There was no effect of age, sex or herd on this relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: In deer, there was no significant difference between concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum regardless of age, sex or herd of origin.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In contrast to the situation in cattle and sheep, the concentration of Cu in serum can be used interchangeably with that in plasma for the estimation of concentration of Cu in blood of red deer.  相似文献   

13.
2009年我国部分猪群输血传播病毒感染情况调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为调查输血传播病毒(TTV)在我国猪群中的感染状况,本研究对2009年采自29个省市的1990份猪血清样品进行了TTV1、TTV2的双重PCR方法检测,并对结果进行了统计分析.结果表明,我国猪群中TTV总的感染率为63.37％(1261/1990),其中TTV1感染率为55.88％(1112/1990),TTV2为32.91％ (655/1990),TTV1和TTV2双重感染率为25.43％(506/1990).进而对样品的地区性分布特征、样品来源等影响因素进行分析,表明我国猪群中TTV感染率以东北地区最高,西北地区最低.样品来源不是影响感染率的关键因素.  相似文献   

14.
猪细环病毒和猪圆环病毒2型混合感染状况的调查   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
为分析我国猪细环病毒(TTSuV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的共感染情况,利用所设计的TTSuV(TTSuV1、TTSuV2)和PCV2特异性引物对我国29个省市采集的猪群血清样品同时进行PCV2和TTSuV(TTSuV1、TTSuV2) PCR检测,分析混合感染情况.结果所检测的1898份样品中,TTSuV阳性为1103份(58％),PCV2阳性为435份(23％).阳性样品中呈混合感染的有275份(14％),其中TTSuV1和PCV2为249份(13％),TTSuV2和PCV2为200份(10％),均为阳性的有174份(9％).调查结果显示,我国猪群中TTSuV和PCV2混合感染现象较为普遍,对地区性分布特征和饲养模式等影响因素的分析表明TTSuV和PCV2混合感染情况存在地区性差异(P＜0.01),但饲养模式并不是共感染的关键因素.  相似文献   

15.
The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in persistently infected (PI) cattle in beef breeding herds was determined using 30 herds with 4530 calves. The samples were collected by ear notches and tested for BVDV antigens using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACE). Animals with initial positives on both IHC and ACE were sampled again using both tests and serums were collected for viral propagation and sequencing of a viral genomic region, 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) for viral subtyping. Samples were also collected from the dams of PI calves. There were 25 PI calves from 4530 samples (0.55%) and these PI calves were from 5 of the 30 herds (16.7%). Two herds had multiple PI calves and 3 herds had only 1 PI calf. Only 1 of the 25 dams with a PI calf was also PI (4.0%). The subtype of all the PI isolates was BVDV1b. Histories of the ranches indicated 23 out of 30 had herd additions of untested breeding females. Twenty-four of the 30 herds had adult cowherd vaccinations against BVDV, primarily using killed BVDV vaccines at pregnancy examination.  相似文献   

16.
本实验室从安徽某羊场发生腹泻的山羊病料中检测分离到边界病病毒（borderdiseasevirus,BDV）,证明BDV在我国羊群中存在。为了进一步了解BDV在江苏羊群的流行情况,本研究收集江苏部分地区发生腹泻和健康羊群的血清和组织样品,采用RT—PCR方法进行检测,并对阳性样品进行病毒的分离鉴定,测定分离毒株5’-UTR基因片段,与其他已报道的毒株进行同源性比较并绘制进化树。结果表明有27．4％（29／106）样品呈阳性,不N羊场BDV阳性率为0～67％,共分离到4株不同的BDV毒株,它们之间的同源性为73．9％～95．6％,而与其他BDV毒株的同源性为66．2％～91．6％。进化分析表明AH12-02与其他各毒株均较远,形成单独的分支,另3个毒株与BDV3型毒株关系最近。采用ELISA试剂盒对血清样品BDV抗体进行检测发现不同羊场抗体阳性率存在较大差异（0～100%）,还有抗体阴性持续感染个体的存在。以上结果丰富了我国BDV分子流行病学数据,为进一步探索BDV在我国羊群中的流行情况奠定了基础。  相似文献   

17.
Herd-level seroprevalence of swine-influenza virus in Korea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
A total of 911 serum samples from 130 herds (an average of nine serum samples per herd) in Korea were examined for antibody to swine H1N1-influenza virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The list of farms was obtained from the Korean Swine Association, and herds were included from all five of the country’s states. Farms were selected using a random-numbers table for swine within farms and for farms. All serum samples were collected from 22- to 24-week-old finishing pigs between September 2000 and March 2001. By ELISA, 93 out of 130 sampled herds (71.5%) were positive against swine H1N1-influenza virus. Our data suggested that seropositive herds for swine H1N1-influenza virus are distributed diffusely throughout the Republic of Korea.  相似文献   

18.
In 2005, a distinct clone of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA CC398) was found in pigs and people in contact with pigs. The structure of the pig production chain in high technology pig husbandry enables pathogens to spread during animal trading, with an increasing prevalence in herds further down the chain. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of the MRSA status of the supplying herd on the MRSA status of the receiving herd in order to gain more insight into the role of animal trading as a transmission route for MRSA CC398. Nasal samples (60-80 pigs per herd) were collected from 38 herds; in 20 herds, environmental samples were collected as well. Ten MRSA-positive herds (based on the results of nasal swabs of 10 individual pigs per herd) from a prior study were included in the data analysis. Herds were classified as MRSA positive if at least one sample tested positive. The 48 herds were part of 14 complete (40 herds) and 4 incomplete (8 herds) pig production chains. Fifty-six percent of the herds were classified as MRSA positive. MRSA-positive herds were observed at the start (breeding herds), middle (farrowing herds) and the end (finishing herds) of the pig production chain. All of the herds in 8 chains tested MRSA positive;, all of the herds in 5 chains tested MRSA negative and in the remaining 5 chains, MRSA-positive and MRSA-negative herds were detected. Seven spa types were found, which were all previously confirmed to belong to CC398. All of the isolates were susceptible to mupirocin, linezolid, rifampicin, fusidic acid and cotrimoxazole. Resistance against tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin was found in 100, 74 and 76% of the isolates, respectively. Seventy-nine percent of herds with a MRSA-positive supplier of pigs were MRSA positive, whereas 23% of herds with a MRSA-negative supplier were MRSA positive (OR=10.8; 95% CI: 1.5-110.1; P=0.011). The presence of entirely MRSA-positive and MRSA-negative chains and the strong association between the MRSA status of herds and their suppliers illustrates a large risk associated with purchasing pigs from MRSA-positive herds; a top-down strategy for future control programs is, therefore, a basic requirement. However, 23% of herds with a MRSA-negative supplier were MRSA positive and furthermore, 46% of the herds at the top of the pig production chain without a supplier tested MRSA positive. This underlined the need for the identification of additional risk factors for MRSA.  相似文献   

19.
Serum samples from 1028 sheep were collected from 32 herds within Federal District, in the central region of Brazil. The samples were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using sera diluted 1:64 and 1:50 as cut-off values for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, respectively. The observed prevalence for T. gondii infection was 38.22% (26.81%<CI 0.95<49.62%), and the titers ranged from 64 to 65536. The observed prevalence for N. caninum infection was 8.81% (7.08%<CI 0.95<10.53%). The titers ranged from 50 to 51200. The reactant sera to both pathogens corresponded to 4.67% of the samples. The risk factors were not determined because of the absence of negative herds for T. gondii and the high proportion of positive herds for N. caninum (87.50%). The prevalence for T. gondii infection was significantly higher among males than in females. The present work is the first report on seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in sheep from Federal District and shows that infection by both parasites is widespread in the ovine population from this region.  相似文献   

20.
To determine Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence in faeces from asymptomatic sheep, 37 family flocks in Mexico State were sampled. Data were collected by the interview method and Ziehl-Neelsen stain of faecal samples for Cryptosporidium identification. The independent group proportion hypothesis test was used for differences in prevalences between sheep farms. A 34.3% general prevalence was found, and prevalence in herds with >100 animals was significantly higher (40.6%). Correlation was found between flock size and Cryptosporidium spp. presence (odds ratio, OR, 2.57; confidence interval, IC(95%), 1.84-3.60).  相似文献   

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