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1.
The different responses of two populations of Suaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall. (saline seepweed) from an intertidal zone and a saline inland zone to salinity [1 or 500 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] and nitrogen [N; 0.05, 1, or 10 mM nitrate (NO3 ?)‐N] were investigated. Greater NO3 ?‐N supply (10 mM) increased shoot dry weight for the two populations of S. salsa, especially for S. salsa from the saline inland zone. Greater NO3 ?‐N supply (10 mM) increased the concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves and the NO3 ? and potassium (K+) concentrations in shoots for both populations. Greater NO3 ?‐N supply (10 mM) increased shoot Na+ in S. salsa from the intertidal zone. In conclusion, S. salsa from the saline inland zone is more responsive to NO3 ?‐N supply than the intertidal population. Greater NO3 ?‐N supply can help the species, especially the intertidal population, to grow and to mediate ion homeostasis under high salinity.  相似文献   

2.
We observed that the growth of three Amaranthaceae species was promoted by sodium (Na), in the order dwarf glasswort (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.) >> Swiss chard (Beta Burgaris L. spp. cicla cv. Seiyou Shirokuki) > table beet (Beta vulgaris L. spp. vulgaris cv. Detroit Dark Red). In the present study, these Na-loving plants were grown in solutions containing 4 mol m?3 nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and 100 mol m?3 sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) under six Na to potassium (K) ratios, 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0, to elucidate the function of Na and K on specific characteristics of Na-loving plants. The growth of dwarf glasswort increased with increasing Na concentration of the shoot, and the shoot dry weight of plants grown in 100:0 Na:K was 214% that of plants grown at 0:100. In Swiss chard and table beet, growth was unchanged by the external ratio of Na to K. The water content was not changed in Swiss chard or table beet by the external Na to K ratio. These observations indicate that both Na and K have a function in osmotic regulation. However, dwarf glasswort could not maintain succulence at 0:100; therefore, Na has a specific function in dwarf glasswort for osmotic regulation to maintain a favorable water status, and the contribution of K to osmotic regulation is low. NO3-N uptake was promoted by Na uptake in dwarf glasswort and Swiss chard. NO3-N uptake and transport to shoots was optimal at 100:0 in dwarf glasswort and at 80:20 in Swiss chard. These functions are very important for the Na-loving mechanism, and the contribution of K was lower in dwarf glasswort than in Swiss chard.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

A pot culture experiment with four levels of soil moisture (40, 55, 70, and 85% of field capacity) and five levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) in soil was conducted to examine the interactive effect of soil moisture and NaCl on the growth of halophyte Suaeda salsa. Results showed that growth was largest at 55% of field capacity, in the range of 50–100 mM NaCl. However, at 85% of field capacity, it can grow better at higher salinity levels; and at 40% of field capacity, the growth of S. salsa was increased greatly by moderate salinity. Contents of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in plant tissues increased with the decrease of moisture levels of soil. Potassium (K) concentrations were also increased at low soil moisture. Drought tolerance was increased by moderate NaCl concentrations. It is thus considered that some amounts of Na and Cl are required to absorb water in this plant.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Growth, mineral nutrition, leaf chlorophyll and water relationships were studied in cherry plants (cv. ‘Bigarreau Burlat’[BB] and ‘Tragana Edessis’[TE]) grafted on ‘Mazzard’ rootstock and grown in modified Hoagland solutions containing 0, 25 or 50 mmol L?1 NaCl, over a period of 55 days. Elongation of the main shoot of the plants treated with 25 or 50 mmol L?1 NaCl was significantly reduced by approximately 29–36%, irrespective of the cultivar. However, both NaCl treatments caused a greater reduction in the dry weight of leaves and scion's stems in BB than in TE plants. Therefore, BB was more sensitive to salinity stress than TE. The reduction of leaf chlorophyll concentration was significant only when BB and TE plants were grown under 50 mmol L?1 NaCl. Osmotic adjustment permitted the maintenance of leaf turgor in TE plants and induced an increase in leaf turgor of BB plants treated with 25 or 50 mmol L?1 NaCl compared with 0 mmol L?1 NaCl. Concerning the nutrient composition of various plant parts, Na concentrations in all plant parts of both cultivars were generally much lower than those of Cl. For both cultivars, leaf Cl concentrations were much higher than the concentrations in stems and roots, especially in the treatments containing NaCl. Finally, the distribution of Na within BB and TE plants treated with NaCl was relatively uniform.  相似文献   

5.
模拟干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子萌发的影响   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  
为研究干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)种子萌发的影响,比较碱蓬和盐地碱蓬逆境生理特性的异同,本研究利用PEG6000、NaCl和Na_2CO_3分别模拟干旱、盐和碱胁迫,配制相同渗透势的PEG6000、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理液,以蒸馏水处理为对照,对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发与胚的生长进行比较研究。结果表明:1)低渗处理(-0.46 MPa)对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发无显著影响;高渗处理(-1.38MPa、-1.84 MPa)抑制碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发。2)当溶液渗透势相等时,NaCl处理下碱蓬种子的萌发率显著大于PEG、Na_2CO_3处理;而等渗PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理对盐地碱蓬种子萌发率的影响无显著差异。3)PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理组碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的最终萌发率与对照无显著差异。4)在幼苗形成阶段,PEG、Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的抑制作用显著大于等渗NaCl处理。5)碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的生长对NaCl、Na_2CO_3胁迫的响应存在差异。-0.92 MPa NaCl处理抑制碱蓬胚的生长,却对盐地碱蓬产生促进作用;-0.46 MPa Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬胚的抑制作用小于盐地碱蓬。综合分析表明:碱蓬、盐地碱蓬均具有很强的抗盐性。在种子萌发阶段,碱蓬种子的抗旱、抗碱能力低于盐地碱蓬;在幼苗形成阶段,碱蓬胚的抗盐性小于盐地碱蓬,但对轻度碱胁迫的抗性高于盐地碱蓬。  相似文献   

6.
This trial was carried out to study the influence of the nutrient solution on the microelements concentration and distribution in C. fruticosa var. ‘Red Edge' plants. Four treatments were tested: T1 [control, 1.5 dS m?1, 14.3 mmol L?1 sodium chloride (NaCl)], T2 (2.5 dS m?1, 22.2 mmol L?1 NaCl), T3 (3.5 dS m?1, 32.7 mmol L?1 NaCl) and T4 (4.5 dS m?1, 38.2 mmol L?1 NaCl). In roots and stems, iron (Fe) concentrations were lower in the no saline treatment. Stems accumulated more Fe with treatments T3 and T4. Copper concentration and extraction were not affected by salinity. The highest manganese (Mn) concentration in roots was observed in T2, while in petioles was higher in T3 and T4. Manganese extraction reached higher levels in the saline treatments in roots and stems, while in petioles it was lower in T1, T2 and T3. In roots, zinc (Zn) concentration was lower with the extreme treatments. Micronutrients concentration in leaves was unaffected by salinity, because an exclusion mechanism that consists on accumulation in roots and stems was developed.  相似文献   

7.
The amaranthaceous dwarf glasswort, Swiss chard, table beet, spinach and Mexican tea were grown in solutions containing 0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 180 and 200 mol m?3 sodium chloride (NaCl). Maximum growth and increase of biomass production compared to that at 0 mol m?3 of dwarf glasswort was observed at 200 mol m?3 (245%), and Swiss chard (146%), table beet (128%) and spinach (138%) at 80 mol m?3. The growth of these species increased with increasing sodium (Na) concentration of shoot until it reached 4.18, 2.42, 1.60 and 1.58 mol kg?1, respectively. These indicate that the order of Na-loving character is dwarf glasswort >> Swiss chard > table beet = spinach. The water contents increased with increasing Na concentration until growth reached maximum in dwarf glasswort and Swiss chard. In these highly Na-loving species, Na is activity transported to shoots and utilized for producing osmotic pressure to absorb water.  相似文献   

8.
The effects of exogenous calcium (Ca2+) on root growth and lignification-related parameters – phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidases (POD) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lignin contents – in roots of NaCl-stressed soybean seedlings were analyzed. Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in half-strength Hoagland's solution (pH 6.0) with or without 5 mM calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] and 50 to 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) in a growth chamber (25°C, 12/12 h light/dark photoperiod, irradiance of 280 μmol m?2 s?1) for 24 h. In general, results showed that the absence of Ca2+ reduced root growth and increased lignification of soybean seedlings grown in NaCl-free nutrient solution. NaCl reduced the root growth and all lignification-related parameters. Root growth, PAL and POD activities and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were more affected after NaCl treatments without Ca2+ in the nutrient solution. At 5 mM, Ca2+ did not alleviate the deleterious effects of NaCl on lignification-related parameters.  相似文献   

9.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1367-1382
Abstract

The effect of supplementary potassium nitrate (KNO3) on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annum cv. 11B 14) plants grown in containers under high root‐zone salinity was investigated. Treatments were (1) control, soil only and (2) high salt treatment, as for control plus 3.5 g NaCl kg?1 soil. Above treatments were combined with or without either 0.5 or 1 g supplementary KNO3 kg?1 soil. Plants grown at high NaCl had significantly less dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll than those in the control treatment. Supplementing the high salt soil with 0.5 and 1 g KNO3 kg?1 increased plant dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll concentrations as compared to high salt treatment. Membrane permeability increased significantly with high NaCl application, but less so when supplementary KNO3 was applied. High NaCl resulted in plants with very leaky root systems as measured by high K efflux; rate of leakage was reduced by supplementary KNO3. These data suggest that NaCl status affect root membrane integrity. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in leaves and roots in the elevated NaCl treatment as compared to control treatment. Concentrations of K and N in leaves were significantly lower in the high salt treatment than in the control. For the high salt treatment, supplementing the soil with KNO3 at 1 g kg?1 resulted in K and N levels similar to those of the control. These results support the view that supplementary KNO3 can overcome the effects of high salinity on fruit yield and whole plant biomass in pepper plants.  相似文献   

10.
The study evaluates the effect of various potting media, nutrition, and growth regulators on production and nutrient composition of leaf and pseudobulb of Cymbidium hybrid “Baltic Glacier Mint Ice” grown in greenhouses. The results confirmed a positive influence of growth and nutrition on flower yield of Cymbidium, with shredded tree bark+ coconut husk + brick bits giving the best flowering. A nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) dose of 200:200:200 mg l?1 with benzyl adenine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 50 mg l?1 was found best for growth while an NPK dose of 200:100:100 mg l?1 with BA and GA3 at 50 mg l?1 was suitable flower production of Cymbidium hybrid. Application of an NPK dose of 300:200:300 mg l?1 with BA and GA3 at 500 mg l?1 was found to be best for enhancing flowering frequency. Plants of the Cymbidium hybrid with the best flowering characteristics mostly contained significantly higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves and pseudobulbs (which acts as reservoir of nutrients).  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] is moderately salt tolerant, but the method of irrigation used for crop production under saline conditions may influence the uptake and distribution of potentially toxic salts. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of application of saline waters by different methods, namely, drip and above‐canopy sprinkler irrigation, on the ion relations of soybean cultivar “Manokin”. Salinity was imposed by adding NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 by weight) to nonsaline irrigation waters. Saline treatments with electrical conductivity (EC i ) of 4 dS m?1 were compared with nonsaline controls (EC i  = 0.5 dS m?1). Ion concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and when present, pods were determined at four stages of growth: vegetative, flowering, podding, and grain filling. Both Na+ and Cl? were excluded from the Manokin leaves and stems when plants were drip‐irrigated and the uptake of these ions occurred solely via the root pathway. However, when saline water was applied by sprinkling, the ions entered leaves by both foliar absorption and root uptake and their concentrations in the leaves were about 9‐fold higher than in those under saline drip irrigation. Regardless of treatment, leaf‐K was highest during the vegetative stage, then decreased with plant age as K+ was mobilized to meet nutrient demands of the developing reproductive structures.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

In this study, the effects of boron (B) and calcium (Ca) supply on Ca fractionation in suspension cells and different tissues of rape (Brassica napus L.) plants of two cultivars with different B efficiency were studied, with a purpose to elucidate the mechanism by which B affects Ca concentration in plants. As Ca supply increased in nutrient solution or culture medium, the relatively easily extractable Ca fractions, that is H2O and 80% ethanol extractable Ca in leaves, 1 mol L?1 NaCl extractable Ca in upper leaves, roots and suspension‐cell were significantly increased. While the recalcitrant Ca fractions extracted by 2% acetic acid, 0.6 mol L?1 HCl and Ca in the residue were not affected by Ca supply. Increasing B supply in nutrient solution or culture media significantly reduced 1 mol L?1NaCl extracted Ca in suspension cell and roots of both cultivars, which were most likely related to the alteration of cell wall metabolism. Calcium extracted by 2% acetic acid, 0.6 mol L?1 HCl and Ca in residue in suspension‐cell and roots of B inefficient cultivar Bakow were easily improved by B deficiency as compared to that of B efficient cultivar Tezao16. Increasing of these relative recalcitrant Ca fractions was related to the different response of cultivars to the B deficiency, which may reflected different extent that Ca deposited in the two cultivars due to impaired membrane integrity under B deficiency. The effects of B on Ca concentration in lower and upper leaves of the two cultivars were quite different and were the integrated effects of B on Ca metabolism, Ca transport in plants and growth of certain organ. Increasing B supply increased total Ca concentration in upper leaves of Bakow and reduced that of Tezao16, which might relate to the different adaptability of the two cultivars to comparatively higher B supply.  相似文献   

13.
Physiological responses to salt stress were investigated in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (Pora and Guazuncho) grown hydroponically under various concentrations of NaCl. Dry matter partitioning, plant water relations, mineral composition and proline content were studied. Proline and inorganic solutes were measured to determine their relative contribution to osmotic adjustment. Both leaf water potential (Ψw) and osmotic potential (Ψs)decreased in response to NaCl levels. Although Ψwand Ψs decreased during salt stress, pressure potential Ψp remained between 0.5 to 0.7 MPa in control and all NaCl treatments, even under 200 mol m?3 NaCl. Increased NaCl levels resulted in a significant decrease in root, shoot and leaf growth biomass. Root / shoot ratio increased in response to salt stress. The responses of both cultivars to NaCl stress were similar. Increasing salinity levels increased plant Na+ and Cl?. Potassium level remained stable in the leaves and decreased in the roots with increasing salinity. Salinity decreased Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in leaves but did not affect the root levels of these nutrients. The K/Na selectivity ratio was much greater in the saline treated plants than in the control plants. Osmotic adjustment of roots and leaves was predominantly due to Na+ and Cl? accumulation; the contribution of proline to the osmotic adjustment seemed to be less important in these cotton cultivars.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

To assess soil-to-plant transfer of various elements more precisely, the concentrations of the elements extracted from soil samples using eight chemical solutions were compared with the results of a pot cultivation experiment of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis) or buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) using the soils. From agricultural fields in Aomori, Japan, 16 soil samples were collected. Elements in the samples were extracted using acids (1 mol L?1 HNO3, 0.1 mol L?1 HNO3, 0.01 mol L?1 HNO3), chelating agents (0.05 mol L?1 EDTA), neutral salt solutions (1 mol L?1 NH4OAc, 1 mol L?1 NH4NO3, 0.01 mol L?1 CaCl2) and pure water. The 28 elements in the extracted solutions and plant samples were determined. The extractability of many metals was higher in 1 mol L?1 HNO3, 0.1 mol L?1 HNO3 and the 0.05 mol L?1 EDTA solutions than in the other extractants. Higher extractability using the NH4OAc solution than the NH4NO3 solution was observed for some elements, in particular U. Extractability by pure water was not always lowest among these methods, probably because of dispersion of colloidal substances in the extracted solution. The pot cultivation experiment showed that the concentrations in soil and in the extracted fraction using 1 mol L?1 HNO3, 0.1 mol L?1 HNO3 or the EDTA solution did not correlate with the concentration in plant samples for most elements. Plant uptake of Zn, Y and La by komatsuna correlated well with their concentrations in extracts with neutral salt solutions or 0.01 mol L?1 HNO3. Concentrations of Al, Cu and Cd in buckwheat were also correlated with the concentrations in the extracts.  相似文献   

15.
A 2-year field experiment (2013 and 2014) was conducted in calcareous soil (CaCO3 19.2%), on soybean grown under three irrigation regimes 100%, 85% and 70% of crop evapotranspiration combined with three potassium (K2O) levels (90, 120 and 150 kg ha?1). The objective was to investigate the complementary properties of potassium fertilizer in improving soybean physiological response under water deficit. Plant water status (relative water content RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/F0 and Fv/Fm), had been significantly affected by irrigation or/and potassium application. Potassium improved growth characteristics (i.e. shoot length, number, leaf area and dry weight of leaves) as well as physiochemical attributes (total soluble sugars, free proline and contents of N, P, K, Ca and Na). Yield and yield water use efficiency (Y-WUE) were significantly affected by irrigation and potassium treatments. Results indicated that potassium application of 150 and 120 kg ha?1 significantly increased seed yield by 29.6% and 13.89%, respectively, compared with 90 kg ha?1 as average for two seasons. It was concluded that application of higher levels of potassium fertilizer in arid environment improves plant water status as well as growth and yield of soybean under water stress.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

To clarify the mechanism of Magnesium (Mg) in alleviating cadmium (Cd) phytotoxicity, Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa L. var. pervirdis) was grown for 10 days after treatment in hydroponics in a growth chamber under natural light. The treatments were: (1) nutrient solution alone (Control), (2) 10 mmol L?1 Mg (High-Mg), (3) 2.5 µmol L?1 Cd (Cd-toxic), (4) 2.5 µmol L?1 Cd plus 10 mmol L?1 Mg (Mg-alleviated). The Cd-toxic treatment showed substantial growth retardation and chlorosis of young leaves, such symptoms were not observed in Mg-alleviated plants. Magnesium-alleviated plants showed higher shoot growth, more than twofold, and decreased shoot Cd concentration, approximately 40%, compared with Cd-toxic plants. This increase in shoot growth and simultaneous decrease in shoot Cd concentration may explain the alleviation of Cd toxicity with Mg in Japanese mustard spinach. In Cd-toxic plants, concentrations of K in shoots and Zn in both shoots and roots increased compared with the other three treatments. Concentrations and accumulations of Fe and Mn in shoots decreased significantly in the Cd-treated (Cd-toxic and Mg-alleviated) plants compared with the control and High-Mg plants. Thus, the application of high amounts of Mg in the nutrient solution can alleviate Cd toxicity in plants.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

This trial was carried out to establish an appropriate nutrient solution for Aglaonema commutatum and to investigate the nutritional effects generated by modifications in the solution. Six treatments were tested: control (T0; pH 6.5, E.C. 1.5 dS m?1, 6 mmol L?1 NO3 ?‐N, and 6 mmol L?1 K+); high nitrogen (N) level (T1; 9 mmol L?1 6:3 NO3 ?–NH4 +); N form (T2; 6 mmol L?1 N‐NH4 +); high K+ level (T3; 12 mmol L?1 K+); high electrical conductivity (T4; E.C. 4 dS m?1, 25 mmol L?1 NaCl), and basic pH (T5; pH 8). At the end of the cultivation, leaf, shoot, and root dry weights and elemental concentrations were determined. Nutrient contents and total plant uptake were calculated from the dry weights and nutrient concentrations. Plant K+ uptake increased with application of K+ or basic nutrient solution. The uptake and transport of calcium (Ca) were enhanced by the use of NO3 ?‐N and inhibited by the presence of other cations in the medium (NH4 +, K+, Na+) and by basic pH. Magnesium (Mg) uptake increased with NO3 ?‐N application and with pH. Sodium (Na) uptake was the highest in the saline treatment (T4), followed by the basic pH treatment. Sodium accumulation was detected in the roots (natrophobic plant), where the plant generated a physiological barrier to avoid damage. Dry weight did not differ significantly (p<0.05) among treatments except in the NaCl treatment. These results may help in the formulation of nutrient solutions that take into account the ionic composition of irrigation water and the physiological requirements of plants.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Hydroponic studies with soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) have shown that µmol L?1 additions of Mg2+ were as effective in ameliorating Al rhizotoxicity as additions of Ca2+in the mmol L?1 concentration range. The objectives of this study were to assess the ameliorative effects of Mg on soybean root growth in acidic subsoils and to relate the soil solution ionic compositions to soybean root growth. Roots of soybean cultivar Plant Introduction 416937 extending from a limed surface soil compartment grew for 28 days into a subsurface compartment containing acid subsoils from the Cecil (oxidic and kaolinitic), Creedmoor (montmorillonitic) and Norfolk (kaolinitic) series. The three Mg treatments consisted of native equilibrium soil solution concentrations in each soil (50 or 100 µmol L?1) and MgCl2 additions to achieve 150 and 300 µmol L?1 Mg (Mg150 and Mg300, respectively) in the soil solutions. Root elongations into Mg-treated subsoils were compared with a CaCO3 treatment limed to achieve a soil pH value of 6. Subsoil root growth responses to the Mg treatments were less than for the lime treatments. Root length relative to the limed treatments for all subsoils (RRL) was poorly related to the activity of the soil solution Al species (Al3+ and Al-hydroxyl species) and Mg2+. However, the RRL values were more closely related to the parameters associated with soil solution Ca activity, including (Ca2+), (Al3+)/(Ca2+) and (Al3+)/([Ca2+] + [Mg2+]), suggesting that Ca could be a primary factor ameliorating Al and H+ rhizotoxicity in these subsoils. Increased tolerance to Al rhizotoxicity of soybean by micromolar Mg additions to hydroponic solutions, inducing citrate secretion from roots to externally complex toxic Al, may be less important in acid subsoils with low native Ca levels.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The present investigation was based on the hypothesis that the endophytes residing in the roots of halophytes have better adaptation to saline conditions. Six halophytic herbs were collected from Khewra salt range (EC = 4.7 dS m?1 and SAR = 25.7). From these herbs, root pieces of Cenchrus ciliaris were shade dried; finely ground to powder and three plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonad moraviensis, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were isolated. Root powder in sterilized and unsterilized forms was added in the saline-sodic field on wheat and mixed with soil in pot experiment with induced NaCl (150 mM). Sterilized root powder increased organic matter NO3-N and P contents of soil and leaves, fresh weight, sugar content, and yield attributes. The root powder application in unsterilized form significantly decreased EC, SAR, and Na content of field soil with concomitant increase in soil and leaves K, P, and NO3-N. The farmer’s benefit was increased by 33% at yield. Root powder-induced salt tolerance was mediated by the PGPR (residing inside the root) through increased growth and better physiological adaptations. It is inferred that root powder harboring the PGPR may be an alternative to biofertilizer with longer shelf life and may also serve as carrier for the preparation of effective biofertilizer for saline land using other PGPR bio-inoculants.  相似文献   

20.
The effects of salt stress on plant growth parameters, lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione reductase (GR; EC EC 1.6.4.2) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) activity] were studied in the leaves of mustard. Plants were exposed to two different concentrations of NaCl stress (100 and 150 mM) for 45 days and were sprayed with GA3 (75 ml pot?1, conc. 75 mg l?1) once a week. Salt stress resulted in decrease in the growth and biomass yield of mustard but the exogenous application of GA3 enhanced these parameters significantly. Application of GA3 counteracted the adverse effects of NaCl salinity on relative water content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll (Chl) content. GA3 was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline and glycinebetaine biosynthesis. GA3 reduced lipid peroxidation in the leaves, which was increased during salt stress. The activity of all the antioxidant enzymes was increased significantly during salt stress in mustard. The exogenous application of GA3 decreased the enzyme activity. The results of the present study indicate that usage of GA3 reduces the harmful effects of salinity and increases resistance to salinity in mustard plant.  相似文献   

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