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1.
Togo Tsuji Austin Mambo Lackson K. Phiri Ronald Msoni Sesele B. Sokotela Olusegun A. Yerokun 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(7):943-952
Relationship between the contents of soil sulphur and plant sulphur was studied in order to evaluate the distribution of plant-available sulphur in Zambian soils. Four soils series with distinct differences in texture and organic carbon content had been selected among representative benchmark soil series and used to cultivate maize ( Zea mays L.) as a test plant in pots. From the results of the pot experiment, critical levels of sulphur deficiency in plants and soils were evaluated and the levels of available sulphur for maize nutrition were rated into four classes using data on the relative yield of maize. The optimum method to determine the available sulphur content of the soils was applied to the analysis of other benchmark soils. Satisfactory regression models for assessing the relation between the content of available soil sulphur with other soil constituents among benchmark soil could not be identified. A distribution map for available sulphur was drawn in a step-by-step format by using a different scale of the soil map, soil units and the legends of soil map databases. As a result, it was confirmed that sulphur-deficient and marginal areas were widely distributed throughout the country. Finally, soil acidity problems associated with sulphur application, the inconsistency of the content of available sulphur with that of total sulphur and limitation of the map utility were examined. 相似文献
2.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):935-942
Total sulphur content of some benchmark soils was evaluated by correlating with the contents of soil organic C and amorphous oxides (Al and Fe), and the particle size distribution. An equation model to calculate the content of total soil sulphur was first obtained by regression analysis. Introducing these chemical and physical data of all the map units except for the wetlands into the equation model, the sulphur level on a national scale was estimated for each soil mapping unit in the exploratory soil map of Zambia. Second, the total sulphur content was rated into 3 classes based on the frequency distribution of the total sulphur content in the benchmark soils. Finally, the rated total sulphur content was incorporated into the national soil map database of GIS to produce a map with the total sulphur content of Zambian soils. The extent of each class was calculated and the distribution of the areas was examined in relation to rainfall and soil formation. 相似文献
3.
Togo Tsuji Austin Mambo Lackson K. Phiri Ronald Msoni Sesele B. Sokotela Olusegun A. Yerokun 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(7):935-942
Total sulphur content of some benchmark soils was evaluated by correlating with the contents of soil organic C and amorphous oxides (Al and Fe), and the particle size distribution. An equation model to calculate the content of total soil sulphur was first obtained by regression analysis. Introducing these chemical and physical data of all the map units except for the wetlands into the equation model, the sulphur level on a national scale was estimated for each soil mapping unit in the exploratory soil map of Zambia. Second, the total sulphur content was rated into 3 classes based on the frequency distribution of the total sulphur content in the benchmark soils. Finally, the rated total sulphur content was incorporated into the national soil map database of GIS to produce a map with the total sulphur content of Zambian soils. The extent of each class was calculated and the distribution of the areas was examined in relation to rainfall and soil formation. 相似文献
4.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):109-125
Abstract The benchmark soils collection of Pernambuco state contain 13 of the 14 soil orders of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification. Thus, information on zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) status in such soils is useful as a reference of micronutrient distribution and availability in a representative set of Brazilian soils. The present work was performed to assess Zn and Cu distribution into operationally defined fractions of benchmark soils of Pernambuco state. In addition, chemical extractants, with contrasting chemical properties, were used to assess the availability of these micronutrients to relate such values with fertility guidelines concentrations and with the fractions defined by the sequential extraction. The results demonstrated that the organic matter was the most important fraction retaining Zn and Cu in the studied soils, as indicated by the sequential extraction. The Zn availability in the majority of the soils (90% of the samples) is sufficient to meet the requirement of the major field crops, although the available Cu concentrations are below the critical levels for plant growth in 46% of the analyzed samples. Mehlich‐1 extractant appeared to be the most efficient in predicting the availability of Zn in the soils because of its better correlation with exchangeable and organic fractions. DTPA and Mehlich‐3 were the most efficient extractants for the evaluation of Cu availability, as suggested by the better correlation with organic matter, which is the main pool of available Cu in the soils. 相似文献
5.
文山植烟土壤有效锌含量及其影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明文山烟区植烟土壤有效锌分布情况及其影响因素,并为烤烟合理施用锌肥提供理论依据,运用GPS定位技术采集了276份土样,测定其有效锌含量,采用经典统计学方法和GIS技术,对其基本特征、空间分布状况及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)文山烟区植烟土壤有效锌平均含量为1.93 mg/kg,变幅为0.20~8.17 mg/kg,变异系数为70.47%,属于中等变异强度。全烟区有70.12%的区域土壤有效锌在适宜范围内(1.00~5.00 mg/kg)。(2)县域间植烟土壤有效锌平均含量从高到低排序为:麻栗坡西畴县文山县马关县砚山县丘北县广南县。(3)土壤中有效锌含量随着有机质增加而增大,随海拔升高呈抛物线变化;不同海拔组和有机质组间有效锌含量差异均达极显著水平。有效锌含量在土壤p H为6.5~7.5时最低,在偏酸和偏碱的环境中含量较高。(4)文山烟区分布最广的是红壤,其次是黄壤。不同土壤类型有效锌含量差异达极显著水平,含量最高的是水稻土,最低的是紫色土。因此,文山烟区植烟土壤有效锌含量总体满足优质烟叶生产的需求,部分缺锌区域应加强锌肥、有机肥的施用以提高土壤中有效锌含量。 相似文献
6.
W.O Enwezor 《Geoderma》1976,15(5):401-411
Greenhouse experiments were carried out using soil samples collected from selected locations in southeastern Nigeria, in order to ascertain the extent, if any, of sulphur deficiencies in this region.Of the 45 locations studied, 20 showed significant responses to sulphur fertilization. 17 of the sulphur-deficient locations fall within the derived savanna vegetation zone.Percentage yield of maize (Zea mays) correlated positively with sulphate sulphur extracted after incubation of soil for two weeks. The correlation coefficient, r = 0.68, is significant at the 0.1% level. There was also a significant relationship between percentage yield and total soil carbon (r = 0.55) and between total soil sulphur and total soil carbon (r = 0.57).Application of ammonium sulphate resulted in a significant lowering of the soil pH, when compared with the application of ammonium nitrate. There was a negative relationship (r = ?0.86) between percentage dry matter yield of maize and percent depression of the soil pH, suggesting that the soils with low buffer capacity are more likely to respond to sulphur application than soils with high buffer capacity. 相似文献
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9.
外源新碳在不同肥力土壤中的分配与固定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
外源新碳加入土壤后,传统技术尚无法区分其与原土壤有机碳的不同。利用13C稳定同位素方法,通过室内培养实验,探讨玉米秸秆和根茬添加到不同肥力水平土壤后外源新碳在土壤中分配与固定的差异。结果表明:(1)低肥土壤添加叶28 d后土壤有机碳(SOC)含量高于添加根和茎的;高肥土壤添加叶在整个培养期间(1~180 d)SOC含量都高于添加根和茎;两种肥力水平土壤在添加玉米根、茎、叶180 d后SOC含量均接近相等。(2)玉米根、茎、叶的添加对SOC中外源新碳含量以及残体残留率的影响不同,28 d前低肥土壤外源新碳含量高于高肥土壤,28 d后结果与之相反;低肥土壤在培养28 d后添加根的残留率比添加茎和叶的低,高肥土壤在培养7 d后添加叶的残留率比添加根和茎的低。以上结果表明,外源新碳在土壤中的固定受其来源和土壤肥力水平的影响与制约。 相似文献
10.
京郊小麦玉米轮作土壤有效硫的动态变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
北京近郊池栽小区试验发现 ,北京近郊小麦 玉米轮作体系土壤有效硫含量具有明显的季节变化 ,其中表层 (0～20cm )土壤的变化幅度最大 ,20～40cm土层次之 ,40～60cm土层最小 ,主要与大气、降水、灌水、植物吸收、淋溶等因素有关。小麦生育期内土壤剖面中有效硫含量呈从上层向下递减的趋势 ;玉米生育期表层土壤有效硫呈下降趋势 ,收获时成为三层中最低的一层 ,说明土壤有效硫在剖面中有明显的淋洗现象。北京远郊的小麦 玉米轮作体系中土壤表层有效硫变化趋势与近郊的相似 ,但变化幅度比近郊土壤小 相似文献
11.
京郊小麦玉米轮作土壤有效硫的动态变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
北京近郊池栽小区试验发现 ,北京近郊小麦 玉米轮作体系土壤有效硫含量具有明显的季节变化 ,其中表层 (0～20cm )土壤的变化幅度最大 ,20～40cm土层次之 ,40～60cm土层最小 ,主要与大气、降水、灌水、植物吸收、淋溶等因素有关。小麦生育期内土壤剖面中有效硫含量呈从上层向下递减的趋势 ;玉米生育期表层土壤有效硫呈下降趋势 ,收获时成为三层中最低的一层 ,说明土壤有效硫在剖面中有明显的淋洗现象。北京远郊的小麦 玉米轮作体系中土壤表层有效硫变化趋势与近郊的相似 ,但变化幅度比近郊土壤小 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9-10):1546-1558
Abstract A phosphorus (P) greenhouse experiment was carried out with maize (Zea Mays L.) using surface horizons of three contrasted acid soils from southern Cameroon. The objectives were (i) to assess causal factors of maize differential growth and P uptake and (ii) to explore plant–soil interactions in acid soils under increasing P supply. Shoot and root dry‐matter yield and P uptake were significantly influenced by soil type and P rate (P<0.000), but the interaction was not significant. Soil properties that significantly (P<0.05) influenced maize growth variables were available P, soil pH, exchangeable bases [calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)], and exchangeable aluminium (Al). Data ordination through principal‐component analysis highlighted a four‐component model that accounted for 88.1% of total system variance (TSV) and summarized plant reaction in acid soil condition. The first component, associated with 36.1% of TSV, pointed at increasing root–shoot ratio with increasing soil acidity and exchangeable Al. The second component (24.6% of TSV) highlighted soil labile P pool increase as a function of P rate. The third and fourth components reflected nitrogen (N) accumulation in soils and soil texture variability, respectively. 相似文献
13.
Kasturikasen Beura Mahendra Singh Amit Kumar Pradhan Rajiv Rakshit Manohar Lal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(3):287-294
We investigated the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) fungi and various phosphorus (P) levels on the distribution and availability of P in dominant soils of Bihar, India. Potassium chloride (KCl)-P (labile P), sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-P (Fe-Al-bound P), hydrochloric acid (HCl)-P (Ca-bound P), and residual P (Res-P) fractions were analyzed in the soils under maize plant. Ca-bound P was the most abundant P fraction in the alkaline soils (65% of the total P) followed by neutral soil (35% of the total P), whereas it was less abundant (<4%) in the acidic soil type. Fe-Al-bound P was found to be highest for acidic soil (65% of the total P). Soils under the inoculation with Glomus mossae and control gave the highest and lowest values (15.63 mg kg?1 and 10.74 mg kg?1 respectively) for the labile fraction which was similar to the organically bound residual fractions of P (200.17 mg kg?1 and 193.66 mg kg?1 respectively. Inoculation of the soils with AM fungi leads to the redistribution of P fractions in different soils which consequently helps in improvement of available P in soil conducive for plant uptake. 相似文献
14.
土壤中植物有效硫的评价 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
本文综述了土壤硫素形态及有效性、土壤有效硫的测定方法以及不同方法测定的土壤有效硫与植物生长的相关性。土壤有效硫的测定主要考虑表层土壤可溶性和部分吸附态硫酸盐,但土壤有机质含量、有机硫含量和组成、土壤机械组成、pH值以及下层土壤硫素状况也是不可忽略的重要因素。目前还没有一种行之有效的统一方法能够合理评价土壤有效硫状况。今后应进一步研究不同土壤的供硫特性,并对不同有效硫评价方法进行筛选,找出适合我国土壤和气候条件下的土壤有效硫评价方法和指标,以期为合理施用含硫肥料提供依据。 相似文献
15.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19-20):2811-2819
Abstract The relationship between soil test phosphorus and crop response has not been studied for maize (Zea mays L.) in some major benchmark soils of Zambia. The suitable soil test procedure for estimating available P needs to be identified. The objective of this study was to compare two soil test methods, impregnation of phosphorus (Pi) and Bray 1, in predicting P requirement of maize grown in Makeni (fine, mixed Isohyperthermic Udic Paleustalf), Maheba (clayey, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Haplic Acrustox), and Konkola soil series (fine, oxidic, isohyperthermic oxic, Rhodustalf). The three soil series were treated with 0, 262, 524, and 1,048 mg P per pot as triple superphosphate (TSP). Maize was grown in pots, and after 8 weeks the plants were harvested and analyzed for total P concentration. Phosphorus uptake (P uptake) was calculated as a product of P concentration in the plant and maize dry matter yield. The soil was dried, sieved and analyzed for available P. The available P content estimated by Bray 1, and Pi soil tests was correlated with maize dry matter yield, and P uptake. The P which was extracted from Makeni soil series by Pi soil test correlated highly significantly (r=0.996**) with maize dry matter yield, but the correlation of maize dry matter yield and P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was not significant (r=0.908 ns), Correlation of P uptake with P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was high and more significant (r=0.991 * *), than correlation with P extracted by Pi soil test (r=0.958*). The P extracted from Makeni soil series by Pi soil test correlated highly significantly (r=0.996**) with maize dry matter yield, but the correlation of maize dry matter yield and P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was not significant (r=0.908 ns), Correlation of P uptake with P extracted by Bray 1 soil test was high and significant (r=0.990**), as well as correlation with P extracted by Pi soil test (r=0.958**). The correlation of P extracted from Maheba soil series by Pi soil test and maize dry matter yield followed the same trend as for Makeni series with correlation of r=0.990**. The correlation of P uptake and P extracted by Pi soil test was high but less significant (r=0.955*) than that for Makeni soil series. The correlation of P extracted by Bray 1 soil test with maize dry matter yield was high (r=0.973 *) and significant, but the correlation with P uptake was low and not significant (r=0.879 ns). The available P extracted from Konkola soil series by both Bray 1 and Pi soil tests produced poor and not significant correlation with maize dry matter yield, as well as P uptake. The results show that Bray 1 soil test extracted larger amounts of P from all the three soil series than P impregnation (Pi) soil test. The results further demonstrated that Pi soil test was consistently more closely related to P uptake and dry matter yield of maize grown in Makeni and Maheba soil series. Therefore, Pi soil test was more effective than Bray 1 soil test in evaluating soil solution P that the plant usually takes up. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-20):2541-2552
Abstract The effectiveness of the application of raw (PR‐1), and partially acidulated phosphate rock (PR), at 25% (PR‐25) and at 50% (PR‐50), was investigated to reduce extractability and plant uptake of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in three calciorthids soils.Furthermore, the effects of soil treatments on metal extractability were evaluated by sequential extraction. Similarly, such effects were assessed on the phytoavailability of metals of maize (Zea mays L.) through a pot experiment. Water‐soluble and exchangeable metal fractions (the bioavailable fractions) were influenced distinctively by PR treatments and soil properties. In addition, decrease of soluble and exchangeable metal fractions was compensated by an increase in metal extracted from other fractions. Most bioavailable soil metals correlated significantly with their associated level in plant tissue. Finally, plant metal uptake decreased with PR treatments, suggesting that PR application was likely to be effective in controlling metal immobilization in these soils. 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2884-2895
Plants and microorganisms can change phosphorus (P) forms and its availability in soil significantly. Two soils with different calcium carbonate and P forms were sampled and the experiment used a completely randomized design considered as factorial. The factors were soil (Sulan and Bahar), sterilization (sterile and unsterile soils), and maize planting (unplanted and planted soil with Zea mays). Plants were grown in greenhouse condition and harvested at flowering. Shoot and root dry weights and the ratio of root/shoot biomass were greater in Bahar soil especially in unsterile conditions than in Sulan soil. After plant harvest the effect of soil sterilization on soluble P was significant and it was greater in sterile soil compared to that in unsterile soil. The effect of maize planting on available P, dicalcium phosphate P (DCP-P), and octcalcium phosphate P (OCP-P) was significant. They were greater in unplanted soil, especially in unsterile conditions. Although the greatest apatite P was measured in unplanted soil in sterile conditions, this form of soil P did not change significantly. 相似文献
18.
东北黑土有机碳的分布及其损失量研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为了分析东北黑土土壤有机碳(SOC)的分布特征及其开垦以来黑土SOC的损失程度,我们于2004～2005年在黑龙江和吉林两省采集了32个自然黑土剖面样品,在每个自然黑土样品附近对应采集32个景观条件相似的耕作黑土样品。结果表明,自然黑土样品0～30cm土层SOC含量平均为32.20 g kg-1,最高可达63.46 g kg-1,黑龙江省自然黑土SOC含量(34.55 g kg-1)高于吉林省(23.80 g kg-1)。耕作土壤SOC平均含量为22.71 g kg-1,远低于自然土壤。受温度的影响,随着纬度的增加,自然黑土与耕作黑土SOC含量逐渐递增。由于土壤侵蚀以及耕垦和去除作物残留物等农业管理措施的综合作用,使得耕作黑土表层SOC含量小于自然黑土。与自然黑土相比,耕作黑土0～10cm土层SOC损失量在26.84%～46.57%之间,亚表层损失相对较少。黑土SOC含量下降也是土壤水土流失致使黑土层变薄的一个直接表现。耕作黑土表层流失厚度可以通过自然与耕作黑土剖面SOC含量的分异差值来估算。通过对土壤剖面上SOC的分布进行校正剔除土壤侵蚀的影响后得到的同等深度SOC含量的差值才可视为由耕作以及有机质输入量差异等因素造成的SOC损失量。未经校正而进行的自然黑土和耕作黑土同一深度SOC含量的比较可能过高估计了农业管理措施对土壤SOC损失量的影响。 相似文献
19.
广东省不同母质发育土壤颗粒分布的分形维数特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
采集广东省主要成土母质(玄武岩、砂页岩、第四纪红土和花岗岩)发育的林地、耕地和园地土壤剖面各发生层土壤,测定了土壤颗粒组成、有机质、CEC等理化性质,探讨了不同母质发育土壤颗粒分布的分形维数特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,玄武岩、第四纪红土、花岗岩和砂页岩发育土壤分形维数变幅分别为2.923 9~2.981 2,2.858 8~2.937 7,2.769 3~2.923 1和2.544 6~2.885 6;玄武岩和第四纪红土发育土壤颗粒分布分形维数与砂页岩发育土壤存在显著差异。土壤颗粒分布的分形维数随土壤深度增加呈增大的趋势,相同母质发育土壤的深层土壤颗粒分布的分形维数接近一致。玄武岩和第四纪红土发育土壤颗粒分布的分形维数在不同深度土壤之间变幅较小,砂页岩和花岗岩发育土壤变幅较大。土壤颗粒分布的分形维数与砂粒含量呈极显负相关,与黏粒含量呈极显著正相关,与土壤全磷、速效钾、全铁、CEC、有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著或显著正相关;土壤颗粒分布的分形维数可以作为表征土壤肥力状况指标。 相似文献
20.
氮形态和硫水平对烤烟氮、硫、钾等营养的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
红壤和潮土培育烤烟,100%铵态氮、100%硝态氮和50%铵氮+50%硝氮等3种氮形态和2种硫施用量的盆栽试验研究表明,增加硝态氮肥供给比例,有利于烤烟生长,烟株叶片干重、株高、干径增加。施硫增加,各叶位全硫含量均显著增加,下部叶片明显累积较多的硫。硝态氮处理红壤和潮土生长烟叶硫含量降低。烟叶氮含量也受供氮形态影响,硝态氮供给比例增加,烟叶全氮含量均较高。供硫增加,烟叶钾含量下降;100%铵氮处理烟叶钾累积较多,NH4+没有抑制K的吸收。 相似文献