共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
选择不同径阶的木麻黄无性系标准木各3株作为生物量及其空间分配特征研究对象,研究结果表明:不同径阶木麻黄无性系地上部分平均生物量占全株生物量的70.82%,地下部分占29.18%,这说明地上部分生产量高;各器官生物量分配以树干最大,果最小,表明树干是该树种的主要组成部分,且随着林龄的增加,树干生物量分配比例有增加趋势;相反,树枝、树叶、果生物量分配比例逐级降低。不同径阶木麻黄地上(干、枝、叶、果)和地下(根系)生物量的空间分配比例均约为4∶1,说明该树种地上、地下两部分分配比例遵循一定的生长规律,受木麻黄生长的影响较小。 相似文献
2.
利用苗木群体高与地径生长呈正态分布规律，根据“正态分布标准差分类法”，以群体标准差值做为不同生长类型划分标准，把钟萼木当年生苗高生长个体划分为8个生长类型，取每一生长类型代表样本进行生长空间分布和生物量分配研究，结果表明，不同样本地上部分的水平空间分布基本相接近，大的样本个体在垂直方向上占据更多空间，对下层个体产生侧方空间与光照竞争。该树种苗木根系发达，主根生长明显，侧根与须根生长旺盛，地下部分水平空间分布随着个体生长量增大，侧根在水平空间形成竞争。不同样本的各组织生物量分配表明，根部与杆的生物量生长比例相近，但生长类型好的样本根部的皮生物量占比例更大，这与须根生长量加大有关。生长类型较好样本树杆的木质部生物量所占比例加大，树干的皮生物量比例增加不明显，叶生物量明显增加，但在全株样本生物量所占比例减少，叶生物量占全株样本生物量比例大。 相似文献
3.
《中国麻业》2019,(1)
以中苎2号嫩梢水培扦插苗为材料,在不同浓度氯化钠(NaCl)处理下测定其株高、根长、生物量、叶绿素含量及叶片和根的相对电导率,以研究苎麻在盐胁迫下的耐性。结果表明:试验材料在NaCl浓度高于2.0 g/L时全部死亡;在NaCl浓度低于0.8 g/L时,苎麻植株的株高、根长、生物量及叶绿素含量均高于对照植株(未加NaCl处理);在NaCl浓度处于1.2～2.0 g/L时,苎麻植株生长受到抑制,表现为株高、根长、生物量及叶绿素含量的下降,且处理浓度越高下降幅度越大;在NaCl浓度低于2.0 g/L时,随着盐处理浓度的增加,苎麻叶片和根系的相对电导率也随之增加,尤其在处理浓度为2.0 g/L时,其与对照的差异达显著水平。研究表明,低盐处理可在一定程度上促进苎麻水培苗的生长;高盐处理致使苎麻株高、根长、生物量及叶绿素含量下降,植株生长受到抑制。 相似文献
4.
水分胁迫对辣木生物量分配和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以云南干热河谷辣木(Moringa olerfera)为对象,采用盆栽人工控制土壤含水量的方法,研究了水分胁迫对辣木生长、生物量分配和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:90%和75%田间持水量控制下,辣木株高和地径随时间的延长逐渐增长,但70%田间持水量明显受到抑制;60%、45%和30%田间持水量处理下的株高和地径生长处于停滞状态;辣木复叶数、主根长和主根粗随水分胁迫加剧而降低,而根数无显著差异。利用标准化主轴法对株高-地径异速生长关系进行模拟,结果显示,随着干旱胁迫加剧,异速生长指数从1.273持续下降至0.947,即辣木将更多的同化物从株高生长转移到其他器官;不同土壤水分的生物量整体表现为根>茎>叶,且随着田间持水量的降低,辣木将更多的生物量由地上转移至地下,而水分利用效率整体呈上升趋势。 相似文献
5.
激素IAA和ABA对小球藻（Chlorella sp.）生长和油脂积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从北部湾地区淡水水域分离得到一株高含油量小球藻藻株,将其培养在高碳培养基TAP上,研究不同浓度IAA和ABA对其生物量和油脂积累的影响。结果表明：添加10μmol/L IAA对藻株的生长有明显的促进作用,其最大生物量比对照组增加了58.24%,但其油脂含量却比对照组降低了34.71%;而当增加IAA浓度为20μmol/L时,对藻株的生长表现出明显的抑制作用,其最大生物量比对照组减少了53.60%,但其油脂含量与对照组相比显著增加,增加了95.46%。添加2μmol/L ABA对藻株生长的抑制作用极其明显,其生物量比对照组降低了57.52%,但其油脂含量与对照组相比显著提高,提高了121.49%。同时添加IAA（20μmol/L）和ABA（2μmol/L）的实验藻种的蛋白质和总糖的含量较对照组有所降低,此外也使叶绿素含量和光合效率降低。
相似文献
6.
为了研究不同绿化结构及绿化树种对滞尘作用的影响,采用自然沉降法,对漳州不同绿化结构的交通绿地的滞尘效果进行了初步研究。结果表明:大叶片、叶片表面粗糙有利于滞尘,滞尘能力较强的树种有芒果、构树、重阳木等;乔木-灌木-地被的复层结构的总体滞尘效果最好,且绿化带越宽,滞尘效果越好。 相似文献
7.
打顶对烤烟生长和各器官烟碱积累分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《作物研究》2016,(1)
为了探明打顶对烤烟生长和烟碱积累的影响,采用盆栽试验,通过动态取样的方式,研究了打顶后烤烟各器官的生物量和烟碱积累的变化情况。结果表明:打顶能够显著促进烟株中、上部叶片和根系的生长及叶片生物量增加,未打顶烟株的花序生物量增加但叶片生物量降低,打顶和不打顶对烟株的总生物量无显著影响;打顶能够显著刺激烟株根系和叶片的烟碱含量和积累量,尤其对中、上部叶的影响显著,未打顶烟株花序中的烟碱含量和积累量则呈下降趋势。 相似文献
8.
以海南岛7个市县分布的马占相思、橡胶和桉树人工林为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内分析,探讨了3种人工林树种的地上生物量分配特征及区域分布情况。结果表明:(1)3种人工林树种的地上总生物量分配比例基本遵循干材>树枝>树叶>干皮的模式,树干占绝对优势;(2)基于胸径大小一致,热带地区不同区域内人工林树种地上总生物量差异明显,其中马占相思地上总生物量范围在51.06～179.25 kg之间,白沙值最大,橡胶树地上总生物量范围在48.42～173.15 kg之间,陵水值最大,桉树地上总生物量范围在43.06～228.11 kg之间,儋州值最大;(3)同一树种在不同市县的生物量分配比例差距悬殊,其中马占相思树干生物量占地上生物量的48%～78%,橡胶树树干生物量占地上生物量的35%～78%,桉树树干生物量占地上生物量的48%～85%,树干生物量贡献力度越大其地上生物量会相应增加。本研究结果为热带地区人工林资源的合理经营和利用提供基础数据。 相似文献
9.
以云南2种野生苜蓿资源为材料,采用水培法研究酸铝胁迫对幼苗生长的影响。通过分析酸、铝单一及复合处理下幼苗根长、株高、生物量、根系活力、叶绿素和丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化物岐化酶活性变化,比较2种苜蓿对酸、铝的耐性。结果显示：随着酸度的增加,天蓝苜蓿和紫花苜蓿幼苗的生长均受抑制,pH 7.0和pH 3.0处理对比分析,天蓝苜蓿在根长、株高、生物量、根系活力增幅比紫花苜蓿的增幅小;铝胁迫后,2种苜蓿在根长、株高、生物量、根系活力指标上均具有显著差异,且随着铝浓度的增大,受抑制越严重;酸、铝共同胁迫对2种苜蓿幼苗生长的影响大于单一胁迫对它的影响,pH 4.5,Al 3+浓度300 mg/L时,2种苜蓿生长受抑最严重。酸、铝单一胁迫及复合处理均显著影响2种苜蓿,但天蓝苜蓿对酸、铝及酸铝的耐性优于紫花苜蓿。 相似文献
10.
银杏（Ginkgo）又名白果，是现存种子植物中最古老的子遗植物，也是源于中国的特有珍贵树种，在学术界称为“活化石”银杏树抗污染、抗烟尘、抗火灾、抗核辐射、抗病虫害、抗严寒酷暑、生命力强，结果力持久，为其他树种所不能比拟。在福建省的浦城、顺昌、建宁、沙县、尤溪、将乐、漳平、上杭、连城、莆田、永泰等均有分布。在莆田的仙游、庄边镇、大洋乡等均有千年古银杏，并且每年都开花结果。1997年初，大洋乡的闽中银杏开发有限公司引种10多万株银杏，现长势良好，且有少量开花结果。因此在莆田发展栽植银杏是一项造福子孙后代的伟大… 相似文献
11.
A deterministic model that simulates forage dynamics is described and validation results presented. The model simulates different species of grasses and forbs for a production year and provides the necessary input for a diet selection model. The model does not simulate growth, but does simulate the accumulation of live leaf and stem, the senescence of live biomass, and its transfer to dead mass using growth rates for leaf and stem of each species, which are specified for the model. Using such an approach specific types of years can be simulated. Plant components in the model include live leaf and stem, dead leaf and stem, and old dead leaf and stem which were produced during the previous growing season. These plant components were chosen because of their importance in the diet selection process and their differences in forage quality. Plant species which the model was validated against were Cynodon dactylon, Avena sativa. Schizachyrium scoparium and Paspalum plicatulum. Validation results indicated that with adjustment to input growth rates, live biomass could be adequately simulated. Deviations between measured and simulated dead components were observed for S. scoparium and P. plicatulum. High values observed for dead stem early in the trial resulted from lack of separation of dead and old dead stem material in the field sampling. Variations in dead forage throughout the season were caused by unexplained sources of variation. This indicated a need for field research to better quantify the dynamics of dead biomass. The model meets its goal of simulating biomass dynamics and forage quality of plant parts and it provides a suitable forage base to interface with diet selection and animal simulation models. 相似文献
12.
研究了福建省邵武市江南油杉人工林的生长规律和生物量。结果表明,12年生江南油杉人工林树高前期生长较快,随后变慢,在第1年左右达到生长高峰期,10年后树高生长缓慢,胸径生长逐渐加快;乔木层生物量达119．41t·hm^-2。 相似文献
13.
本研究通过栽培无柄小叶榕等4种乔木在15种轻基质中不同组合的苗圃期和出圃实验，建立容器苗质量评价及预测线性回归模型，探讨了苗圃期植株生理指标在解释苗圃期生长表现（干重总生物量、干重根茎比）和预测出圃生长表现中（存活率、株高、地径、相对生长速率）的作用，推荐叶片总叶绿素含量为容器苗质量评价体系中的最关键生理因子。 相似文献
14.
随着社会发展对能源消耗的不断增加，开发生物质新能源已成为必然，薪炭林作为生物质原料之一，在新形势下有巨大的开发潜力。在掌握福建薪炭林树种的种类、分布和薪材特性基础上，采用层次分析方法分别从薪材产量、生长量、轮伐期及热值4个方面对福建主要薪炭林树种进行综合评价，最终筛选出15种可供福建推广的薪炭林树种，为南方生物能源开发提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
The aim of the study was to evaluate non-legume cover crops for growing no-till grain legumes in organic farming systems. Evaluated cover crops should be able to suppress weed growth, reduce plant available nitrogen in the soil and produce large amounts of biomass with slow N mineralisation. Six non-legume species; spring rye (Secale cereale L.), black oat (Avena sativa L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) were tested. Plots with organic fertiliser (50 kg N ha?1) and without fertiliser incorporation at three locations in south-east Germany were trialled and the cover crops’ ability to produce biomass and accumulate N in plant compartments was evaluated. The N mineralisation from stem and leaf material was simulated using the STICS model. The biomass production ranged from 0.95 to 7.73 Mg ha?1, with fertiliser increasing the total biomass at locations with low-N status. Sunflower consistently displayed large biomass and N accumulation at all locations and fertiliser variations, although not always significantly more than other species. Most N was stored in sunflower leaf material, which can be easily mineralised making it less suited as cover crop before no-till sown spring grain legumes. Rye, which produced slightly less biomass, but accumulated more N in the stem biomass, would be better suited than sunflower in this type of system. The N mineralisation simulation from rye biomass indicated long N immobilisation periods potentially improving weed suppression within no-till sown legume cash crops. 相似文献
16.
Summary Ware potatoes were produced from true potato seed by transplanting seedlings to the field in different growing periods to
evaluate environmental constraints of this production method in the Nile delta. In the autumn season, with high temperatures
and long-day conditions during seedling culture in the nursery and transplant establishment in the field, seedling development
was fast, and transplants resumed growth within 5 days of transplanting in the field. Tuber yields ranged between 120 and
160 dt ha−1. In the spring season, with low temperatures and short-day conditions during the initial growing phase, seedling development
in the nursery was slow and biomass partitioning between above ground organs (stems, leaves) and tubers was shifted towards
the tubers. This partitioning was further enhanced by transplanting the seedlings in the field. Seedlings recovered only slowly
from transplanting or died.
It is concluded that potato production via transplants is poor in the spring season when premature tuberization of seedlings
in the nursery leads to slow field establishment and low tuber yield. 相似文献
17.
Is crop N demand more closely related to dry matter accumulation or leaf area expansion during vegetative growth? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gilles Lemaire Erik van Oosterom John Sheehy Marie Hélène Jeuffroy Angelo Massignam Laurence Rossato 《Field Crops Research》2007
The critical crop nitrogen uptake is defined as the minimum nitrogen uptake necessary to achieve maximum biomass accumulation (W). Across a range of crops, the critical N uptake is related to W by a power function with a coefficient less than unity that suggests crop N uptake is co-regulated by both soil N supply and biomass accumulation. However, crop N demand is also often linearly related to the expansion of the leaf area index (LAI) during the vegetative growth period. This suggests that crop N demand could be also linked with LAI extension. In this paper, we develop theory to combine these two concepts within a common framework. The aim of this paper is to determine whether generic relationships between N uptake, biomass accumulation, and LAI expansion could be identified that would be robust across both species and environment types. To that end, we used the framework to analyze data on a range of species, including C3 and C4 ones and mono- and di-cotyledonous crops. All crops were grown in either temperate or tropical and subtropical environments without limitations on N supply. The relationship between N uptake and biomass was more robust, across environment types, than the relationship of LAI with biomass. In general, C3 species had a higher N uptake per unit biomass than C4 species, whereas dicotyledonous species tended to have higher LAI per unit biomass than monocotyledonous ones. Species differences in N uptake per unit biomass were partly associated with differences in LAI and N-partitioning. Consequently the critical leaf-N uptake per unit LAI (specific leaf nitrogen, SLN) was relatively constant across species at 1.8–2.0 g m−2, a value that was close to published data on the critical SLN of new leaves at the top of the canopy. Our results indicate that critical N uptake curves as a function of biomass accumulation may provide a robust platform for simulating N uptake of a species. However, if crop simulation models are to capture the genotypic and environmental control of crop N dynamics in a physiologically functional manner, plant growth has to be considered as the sum of a metabolic (e.g. leaves) and a structural (e.g. stems) compartment, each with its own demand for metabolic and structural N. 相似文献
18.
研究毛竹关键生理阶段春笋幼竹期各龄级母竹地上生物量分配格局与养分动态变化规律,并同小年期的相应值进行比较。结果表明,该时期,光合器官竹叶生物量分配比例随竹株年龄增大而减小,其干质量占地上器官生物量干重的7.09%,比小年期的相应值增大了36.4%。在春笋幼竹生长初期,母竹叶片中氮含量呈下降趋势,而竹根中则略有升高,此后均趋于稳定;钾元素在母竹叶片中的含量随春笋幼竹生长而迅速升高,5月份达最大值12.21 mg/g,磷在叶片和根部的含量均较低。同小年期相比,含量最高的氮元素在叶、枝、秆、根中的含量均较低。春笋幼竹期,新竹的快速生长对母竹生物量格局与养分分配产生了重要影响。 相似文献
19.
栽培基质对铁皮石斛生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以松树皮、松树皮混合泥炭土和松树皮混合蔗渣为栽培基质,对铁皮石斛在海南省乐东黎族自治县生长情况进行研究,通过调查不同栽培基质下铁皮石斛茎长、茎粗、分蘖、节数、根数、根长、地上部生物量、地下部生物量、鲜叶产量和鲜条产量差异,筛选出适宜当地种植铁皮石斛的栽培基质。试验显示:松树皮混合泥炭土(体积比为2∶1)能显著促进铁皮石斛茎伸长、节数根数增多,提高生物量,增加鲜条和鲜叶产量,总体情况显著优于其它处理,是适宜铁皮石斛生长的栽培基质。铁皮石斛生物地上生物量与其农艺性状的相关性分析结果表明,根是影响石斛生物量的关键因素,栽培基质主要通过影响根增殖,增加根重,促进地上部茎伸长,提高地上部生物量,增加铁皮石斛产量。以上结果为在海南省乐东黎族自治县种植铁皮石斛提供了参考。 相似文献
20.
Bruno C. Pedreira Carlos G.S. Pedreira Kenneth J. Boote Marcio A.S. Lara Phillip D. Alderman 《Field Crops Research》2011,120(3):275-379
Warm-season grasses are economically important for cattle production in tropical regions, and tools to aid in management and research of these forages would be highly beneficial. Crop simulation models synthesize numerous physiological processes and are important research tools for evaluating production of warm-season grasses. This research was conducted to adapt the perennial CROPGRO Forage model to simulate growth of the tropical species palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Xaraes] and to describe model adaptation for this species. In order to develop the CROPGRO parameters for this species, we began with values and relationships reported in the literature. Some parameters and relationships were calibrated by comparison with observed growth, development, dry matter accumulation and partitioning during a 2-year experiment with Xaraes palisadegrass in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Starting with parameters for the bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) perennial forage model, dormancy effects had to be minimized, and partitioning to storage tissue/root decreased, and partitioning to leaf and stem increased to provide for more leaf and stem growth and less root. Parameters affecting specific leaf area (SLA) and senescence of plant tissues were improved. After these changes were made to the model, biomass accumulation was better simulated, mean predicted herbage yield per cycle was 3573 kg ha−1, with a RMSE of 538 kg DM ha−1 (D-Stat = 0.838, simulated/observed ratio = 1.028). The results of the adaptation suggest that the CROPGRO model is an efficient tool to integrate physiological aspects of palisadegrass and can be used to simulate growth. 相似文献