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四纹豆象[Callosobruchus maculatus(F.)]是危害豇豆[Vigha unguiculata(L.)Walp]种子的一种害虫,常可造成贮藏种子的严重损失。四纹豆象首先在田间侵入豆荚、然后随种子进入仓库(Pr-evett,1961),此后便开始大量繁殖,成虫产卵于种子表面,卵在5—7天内孵化。幼虫孵化后钻入种子,在种子内完成其生长发育过程。成虫羽化后便离开种子,在种子 相似文献
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北京所从进口豆类中截获四纹豆象、菜豆象和鹰嘴豆象 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来北京所从叙利亚、哥伦比亚、美国、尼日利亚等国进口的豇豆、眉豆、大豆、小扁豆种子中多次截获四纹豆象。从法国、印度和保加利亚进口的菜豆、大豆和芸豆种子 相似文献
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四纹豆象 Callosobruchus maculatus(F.)是一种严重为害多种豆类种子的仓库害虫,此虫繁殖快,数量多,危险性大,常把贮藏在仓库里的豇豆、眉豆、黑豆等豆类种子蛀空,不能播种也不能食用,给农业生产造成很大的损失,也使人民生活受到影 相似文献
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随着改革、开放的深入,经济特区越来越繁荣。经文锦渡口岸进口的餐料越来越多。豇豆、绿豆、眉豆等易带四纹豆象等应检害虫的餐料也随之进来。这些餐料、量小又不可少、退货或熏蒸都不是理想的处理办法。为寻找妥善、快捷的方法处理这些餐料,1986年7月22日我们做了微波处理带四纹豆象豇豆的试验。试验结果效果很好。一、试验仪器及材料(1)日本三洋牌800瓦微波处理器一台。(2)深圳市新兴餐厅从香港进口的豇豆。该批豇豆(报检号:B_(14)—8)重28公斤、用旧麻 相似文献
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菜豆象(大豆象)Acanthoscelids obtectas Say是我国对外植物检疫对象之一。只是近几年开展废旧船检疫中,截获到它的机会较多,如1982—1986年福州口岸进口38条废旧船中,带有菜豆象疫情的船只共有9条。1986年1月我们从“日尼亚”上截获到活的菜豆象,并进行了饲养。据观察,菜豆象的生活习性与四纹豆象、绿豆象等在寄主、产卵、一龄幼虫,危害特性等方面有很多不同之处,所以在检疫检验时有很多值得注意的地方。 相似文献
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为了掌握四纹豆象对豆类的危害情况，笔者在１９９８年５月份取豇豆５００ｇ放在宽口径的玻璃缸内，顶盖尼龙沙布，进行观察记载，现将观察结果归纳如下。５月下旬至６月上旬有大批量的四纹豆象成虫羽化出来，并在豆粒表皮及玻璃缸壁上产卵，到６月中旬成虫基本死光。待到... 相似文献
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1.在30℃及相对湿度70%的条件下,巴西豆象山产卵至成虫离开豆粒所需要的平均天数,在菜豆、雪豆、豇豆和绿豆中分別为26.18、26.19、26.84和27.11天,在豌豆和大豆中分別为36.86、40.00天,扁豆、蚕豆及花生豆不适于其发育。2.在相对湿度为75%,温度分別为25℃及30℃的恒定条件下,以雪豆饲养巴西豆象,其各发育阶段的平均长度分别为:卵期6.12和4.45天,一龄幼虫4.78和364天,二龄幼虫3.56和1.82天,三龄幼虫4.40和2.67天,四龄幼虫4.73和3.40大,预蛹期2.13和1.36天,蛹期6.00和4.10天,成虫羽化后在蛹室内的静止期2.73和1.90天。由产卵至成虫离开豆粒分别需要34.45和23.34天。3.巴西豆象在北京室温下每年可繁殖3—4代,发育期在5月中至10月初;各虫态在冬季无加温的房间及有暖气供应的房间和楼房单元的厨房内均不能越冬,主要的限制因子是低温和(或)低湿度。 相似文献
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Abstract Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Deuteromycetes: Coelomycetes) is found throughout the tropics and subtropics and has a wide host range. Together with most of the legume crops, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Is a good host for the fungus which causes a range of symptoms, depending on environmental conditions and age of the plant. In addition to charcoal rot, which is a stem or stalk rot disease, the pathogen also causes damping‐off and seedling blight in beans. Charcoal rot in the mature plant is associated with senescence which is accelerated by water stress. The disease is most damaging in areas of unreliable rainfall and high temperature. In Kenya, beans are usually grown in mixed stands with maize, sorghum or millet. Population pressure has led to the cultivation of beans on land prone to drought. M. phaseolina is one of the most important pathogens affecting all the main crops of the farming systems in the semi‐arid areas of eastern Kenya and resistance to charcoal rot is a priority if beans are to be increasingly grown in these areas. The paper reviews the literature on charcoal rot of beans and on other crops where similar work has not been reported specifically for beans. 相似文献
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不同施氮量对杂交水稻纹枯病、紫鞘病及云形病的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,随着化肥生产的迅速发展,稻田施氮量逐年增加。有些地区由于有机肥料的减少,不适当的增施化肥,出现“偏氮、偏多、偏晚”的三偏现象,从而导致水稻病害严重发生。本试验从氮肥这单一因子出发,在其他栽培措施相同的条件下,通过定位观察,系统调查,以探明不同施氮量以及无机氮肥与有机氮肥一定的配比,对杂交水稻纹枯病(Rhizoctonia solain)、紫鞘病(Acrocylindrium oryzae)和云形病(Rhycho-sporium oryzae)发生的影响。 相似文献
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J. M. WAY 《Weed Research》1963,3(4):312-321
Summary. The effects of sub-lethal doses of MCPA-sodium on the morphology, yield and maturity of French beans, and on the morphology of broad beans, were studied in field and glasshouse experiments. Epinasty in French beans developed at 0.002 lb/ac a.e., but formative effects were not seen at less than 0–1 lb/ac. With doses up to 0.4 lb/ac there was no significant reduction in yield or haulm weight, but at 1.0 lb/ac and above, yield was reduced and some of the plants sprayed at an early stage of growth were killed. There were characteristic modifications of the roots and stems and of those leaves which were at a susceptible stage of development when sprayed. Broad beans were only slightly injured by 0.2 lb/ac but were generally killed by 2.0 lb/ac. Abnormalities were noted in the germination of seed produced by affected plants.
Effets de doses sub-léthales de MCPA sur la morphologic et le rendement des cultures légumières IV. Haricots verts et fèves 相似文献
Effets de doses sub-léthales de MCPA sur la morphologic et le rendement des cultures légumières IV. Haricots verts et fèves 相似文献
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as a bean intercrop or rotation crop contributes to the survival of bean root rot pathogens and perpetuation of bean root rots 
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下载免费PDF全文 Root rots (RR) are the main cause of declining bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in southwestern Uganda. Here, beans are mainly intercropped/rotated with maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and garden peas (Pisum sativum). These crops also suffer from RR and bean RR pathogens have been isolated from some of these crops. This study aimed to determine the extent of RR on maize, sorghum and peas, and their potential to contribute to the survival of bean RR pathogens. Therefore, experiments were carried out in bean RR‐infested farmers’ fields as well as soils inoculated with bean RR pathogens (Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp.) under screen house conditions and a susceptible bean cultivar served as a control. High RR incidence/severity scores were recorded in beans and sorghum in both farmers’ fields and screen house experiments. The high field RR incidence/severity in sorghum correlated with the screen house scores. This study shows that RR is also a problem to other crops, especially sorghum, warranting attention. The findings also imply that sorghum plays a potential role as an alternate host to bean RR pathogens, increasing inoculum density of bean RR pathogens and potentially negatively impacting the bean RR problem. Intercropping or rotating beans with sorghum in this region is not recommended. However, maize was RR‐resistant and therefore appropriate as an intercrop/rotational crop to beans in the system. A holistic rather than commodity approach is recommended for managing RR in this cropping system. 相似文献
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Long-term continuous monocropping of faba beans increases the incidence of faba bean wilt, while faba bean–wheat intercropping can effectively control it. This study aimed to understand the underlying mechanism of faba bean–wheat intercropping for the control of Fusarium oxysporum and vanillic acid (VA)-promoted occurrence of faba bean wilt. The occurrence of faba bean wilt was investigated among the monocropped and intercropped plants of faba beans in a field experiment. The contents and types of phenolic acids were examined in the rhizosphere soil. Monocropped and intercropped faba beans were examined under the dual stress of F. oxysporum and different concentrations of VA (0, 50, 100, 200 mg/L) to understand the alleviating mechanism of faba bean–wheat intercropping. Exogenous addition of high concentrations of VA significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of F. oxysporum, but under the dual stress of F. oxysporum and different concentrations of VA, it significantly inhibited the defence enzymes of faba bean roots, stems, and leaves, and rhizosphere soil enzymes. Interestingly, faba bean–wheat intercropping alleviated VA stress and thereby the incidence and disease index of faba bean Fusarium wilt by improving plant resistance and soil enzyme activity. The dual stress of F. oxysporum and VA promotes the occurrence of Fusarium wilt by damaging the defence system of the faba bean root system and rhizosphere soil environment. However, faba bean–wheat intercropping effectively alleviates the autotoxicity of VA by improving the physiological and biochemical resistance of faba beans and soil enzyme activities, and thus controls the occurrence of Fusarium wilt. 相似文献
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All isolates of Rhizoctonia solani used in this study, when grown in Weinhold medium supplemented with phenylalanine, accumulated phenylacetic acid (PAA) and its ortho-, meta- and para-hydroxy derivatives in culture. Major metabolites which accumulated were PAA and m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-OH-PAA). However, the accumulation in vitro of total phenylacetic acid derivatives by isolates of R. solani was not related to their pathogenicity and/or virulence. On the contrary, the non-pathogenic and weakly virulent isolates of R. solani produced the highest quantities of PAA-derivatives per unit weight of mycelium in comparison to the highly virulent isolates.The phenylacetic acid derivatives used in this investigation, when bioassayed at high concentrations, caused inhibition of growth of tomato and bean seedlings. The most active compounds were PAA and
-α-methoxy-phenylacetic acid (MeO-PAA). However, when m-OH-PAA was assayed at low concentrations there was a stimulation of seedling growth. In addition, when m-OH-PAA solutions were injected into bean hypocotyls or into tobacco leaves they never caused necrotic lesions or symptoms resembling those caused by R. solani on beans.These results indicate that PAA-derivatives are not directly involved in pathogenesis of R. solani in beans. 相似文献
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健康和虫害菜豆对二斑叶螨、西花蓟马发育及繁殖的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis （Pergande）和二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch取食的菜豆对后取食昆虫的影响,研究了二斑叶螨和西花蓟马分别取食健康和虫（螨）害菜豆时生长发育和繁殖情况,并组建生命表,比较生命参数的异同。二斑叶螨取食健康菜豆和西花蓟马2龄若虫为害菜豆时未成熟期没有明显区别,但各螨态的存活率在健康菜豆上较高;取食健康菜豆时,雌成螨寿命为24.56 d,内禀增长率为0.2640,均高于取食西花蓟马为害菜豆。西花蓟马的未成熟期取食两种菜豆时也没有明显的区别,但二斑叶螨为害菜豆使西花蓟马的存活率下降;西花蓟马雌成虫平均寿命和单雌日产卵量在健康菜豆上分别为33.35 d和4.02粒,显著高于螨害菜豆,在健康菜豆上净增殖率也较高,为40.4264。研究表明,西花蓟马或二斑叶螨为害后的叶片对后取食害虫的生长发育影响不大,但对其存活率和繁殖均产生不利影响,西花蓟马和二斑叶螨取食诱导菜豆产生了一定的防御反应。 相似文献
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Ernesto Gianoli Isaías Ramos Armando Alfaro-Tapia Yolvi Valdéz Erik R. Echegaray Erick Yábar 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):283-289
Abstract In the Urubamba Valley, Peruvian Andes, we evaluated the abundance of insect pests and natural enemies in experimental plots where maize was grown either as monoculture, intercropped with beans, or intercropped with beans plus associated weeds. We also assessed the consequences of the cropping system for maize yield. The main insect pests recorded were Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Carpophilus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Pagiocerus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and their overall abundance did not differ among crop diversity treatments. However, there was a significant adverse effect of crop diversity on the maximum abundance of both Carpophilus and Pagiocerus. The main beneficial arthropods were Paratriphleps sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), ladybirds and spiders, and their density did not differ among treatments. Maize yield did not decrease with increasing plant diversity. The reported benefits of intercropping, together with the associated efficiency in land use, make this traditional agricultural practice a valuable alternative to the use of pesticides, particularly for resource-poor Andean farmers. 相似文献
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A study was carried out to determine the distribution of feeding and oviposition punctures made byLiriomyza trifolii Burgess on gypsophila(Gypsophila paniculata ) and bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves, and the development times of the immature stages on these plants. The absolute number of punctures per leaf area
was much greater on bean leaves than on gypsophila leaves. The number of mines per leaf was also higher on beans than on gypsophila,
but the ratio of mines/punctures was higher on gypsophila. Gypsophila leaves were punctured on both sides, but most of the
punctures were on the distal third of the upper leaf side. On beans the punctures were dispersed uniformly on the upper side
of the leaf. The larval period (±SE) at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C was 9.9±0.2, 4.4±0.1 and 3.7±0.1, and 5.5±O. l, 3.7±0.1
and 2.4±0.1 days, on gypsophila and bean, respectively. The pupal period at 17, 20, 25 and 30°C lasted 19.9±0.2, 14.7±0.1,
10.4±0.1 and 7.8±0.1 days, respectively. 相似文献
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K. T. Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1954,60(6):259-260
Summary Pink discoloration, observed by growers in Holland and England in peas and beans (Phaseolus), is caused byBacterium rubefaciens. Presumably the infection of the seeds had taken place during unfavourable weather at harvest-time. The bacterium can not be considered as a plant pathogen. The pink colour is soluble in water. 相似文献