共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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我国鲍养殖研究现状及展望 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文对我国鲍养殖的主要种类、常见的养殖模式、人工育苗以及育种技术的研究现状进行了概述,就当前鲍增养殖面临的病害和种质等问题进行了探讨,并对今后我国鲍增养殖研究工作进行了展望. 相似文献
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水产动物的染色体操作(Chromosome Manipulation):进展和展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对近年来水产动物的染色体操作，包括多倍体诱导、雌核发育、雄核发育的进展情况进行了总结，并对其发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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对混养鱼池以氯化铵为氮源施肥养鱼进行了两年系统的研究,对4个温幅内使用氯化铵追肥前后鱼池水体的理化因子、主要营养盐类、初级生产力、浮游动植物的种类和数量等进行了连续测定,找出浮游植物等指标峰值所持续的时间和变化规律,为不同季节施肥的数量和频数提供科学依据。同时进行了这些指标的年周期(主要养殖期)变化规律的研究。确定了氯化铵养鱼池的肥水等级。对鱼池底泥的理化特性,鲢、鳙肌肉营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成、血液的生化成分进行了分析测定。对鲢、鳙鱼产量及经济效益进行了分析。试验证明氯化铵是一种优质养鱼氮肥。 相似文献
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胡子鲶鳃扫描电镜的观察 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
本文应用扫描电镜对胡子鲶鳃表面形态结构进行了详细的观察,对其丝状鳃、片状鳃与枝状鳃的表面形态特征进行了比较研究,并对三种鳃之间的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
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俄罗斯鲟早期生长性状遗传参数的估计 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用人工授精技术和家系标准化培育技术构建了30个俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)父系全同胞家系(包含6个母系半同胞组),培育至150日龄和410日龄时,分别从每个家系中随机测量50尾个体的体长和体重。利用ASReml软件进行方差组分的估计,应用多性状动物模型进行俄罗斯鲟生长性状遗传参数的估计。结果表明,150日龄俄罗斯鲟体长和体重的遗传力分别为0.16±0.055、0.18±0.058,410日龄俄罗斯鲟体长和体重的遗传力分别为0.18±0.070、0.094±0.049,不同日龄生长性状的遗传力均为低遗传力,表明俄罗斯鲟更适合大规模家系的育种方法;150日龄和410日龄俄罗斯鲟体长和体重2个生长性状的表型相关和遗传相关均为高度正相关,其中表型相关系数分别为0.91、0.85,遗传相关系数分别为0.62、0.57,说明对体重或体长进行选育,均能实现改良生长性状的目标;不同日龄俄罗斯鲟家系平均体重的平均变异系数高于平均体长,前者为29.09%、29.46%,后者为10.16%、8.43%,表明俄罗斯鲟体重性状更具选育潜力。本研究估测了俄罗斯鲟不同时期生长性状的遗传参数,旨在为下一步合理制定该物种育种方案提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Harrison Charo-Karisa Henk Bovenhuis Raul W. Ponzoni Hans Komen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(1):15-23
In this study we present estimates of phenotypic and genetic parameters for body size measurements, reproductive traits, and gut length for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) selected for growth in fertilized earthen ponds for two generations. Throughout the experiment, ponds were fertilized daily with 50 kg dry matter, (dm)/ha chicken manure. No supplementary feeds were added. For the analysis, 6429 fully pedigreed experimental fish from G0, G1 and G2 were used. Generations were discrete and therefore parameters were estimated separately for each year. Heritability estimates for body measurements ranged from 0.4-0.6 for standard length to 0.69-0.79 for head length. Phenotypic correlations between body weight and body measurements ranged from 0.64 to 0.89. Genetic correlations were close to unity. The heritability estimate for maturity at harvest (corrected for sex) was 0.13. Heritabilities for carcass traits were estimated from G1 only and were 0.16 for gutted weight and 0.06 for dressing percentage. Phenotypic correlation between body weight and gutted weight was 0.84 and the genetic correlation was 0.20. Heritability estimate for gut length was 0.22. We also estimated a high genetic correlation between gut length index and standard length (0.78) but a low genetic correlation between gut length index and body weight (0.22 ± 0.28). These results suggest that selection for growth on an herbivorous diet could result in a correlated response in gut length. 相似文献
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大黄鱼冰鲜杂鱼饲料中细菌多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）冰鲜杂鱼饲料中细菌的多样性,用细菌通用引物构建了细菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库。从文库中随机挑选125个克隆子进行限制性片段长度多态性（ RFLP）分析,得到82个不同的RFLP 带型。对部分代表性克隆子进行测序,得到23条有效序列。序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明,大黄鱼冰鲜杂鱼饲料中细菌主要分为3大类群,其中γ-变形菌纲（γ-Proteobacteria）细菌占据明显地优势地位,约占所分析克隆子数的84.4％;其次是黄杆菌纲（Flavobacteria）细菌,约占10.9％;还有少量的梭杆菌纲（Fusobac-teria）细菌,约占4.7％。γ-变形菌纲细菌中以嗜冷杆菌（Psychrobacter sp.）最多,其次是发光杆菌（Photobacteri-um）。 相似文献
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Estimates of apparent digestibility using an indirect method were made for two rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), diets (NF and LT) containing 450 g kg?1 fish meal. Two inert markers, titanium dioxide and chromic oxide, were used as digestibility markers. Faeces collections were made using two methods: stripping and the Choubert (tank) method. Faecal oil (g kg?1) and gross energy (GE; MJ kg?1) were higher for the tank system, but differences were greater for NF (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 for method X diet interaction, respectively). Faecal titanium and chromium contents were also higher for the tank system, but the differences were greater for LT (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The main method effects were significant for crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) content in that values were higher (P < 0.001) for the stripping method. The main diet effects were significant for ash and CHO contents (P < 0.001), with values being highest for LT and NF, respectively. The only significant method X diet interaction for apparent digestibility was with oil (P < 0.01) in that tank values were higher than stripping for NF but not for LT. Marker X method interactions were significant with dry matter (DM), ash, CP, GE, CHO (P < 0.05) and oil (P < 0.01) in that titanium values were lower than chromium values for the tank method. Marker X diet interactions were also significant with DM, ash, CP, GE, CHO (P < 0.05) and oil (P < 0.01) in that titanium values were lower than chromium values for NF. Both methods of faeces collection have inherent weaknesses, but it is suggested that the Choubert method gives more accurate and repeatable estimates of apparent digestibility of diets for fish. 相似文献
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以密斑刺鲀(Diodon hystrix)为研究对象,利用RNA-seq技术进行转录组测序及序列组装,最终获得221762条Unigene序列,N50为2240 nt,GC含量为46.20%。利用MISA软件从该转录组数据中搜索到106221个符合条件的SSR位点,分布于62451条Unigene中,发生频率为28.16%。优势重复单元为单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸,发生频率分别为48.99%、32.57%和14.72%,其中单核苷酸重复单元中以A/T为主,占总SSR位点数的46.21%,二和三核苷酸重复单元分别以AC/GT和AGG/CCT为主,占比分别为21.90%和2.70%。选取SSR长度大于等于20 bp的位点设计了17563个位点的引物,随机挑选160对位点引物进行扩增鉴定,筛选到95对有效扩增引物,占比为59.38%。通过多态性验证,最终获得30对稳定、可重复的多态性引物(占有效扩增引物的31.58%),其中15对引物表现出高多态性(PIC>0.5),这些高多态性引物具有评估密斑刺鲀群体多样性的潜力。结果表明,密斑刺鲀转录组数据可作为开发稳定的SSR标记的有效来源,该实验所开发的多态性SSR位点为进一步研究密斑刺鲀的遗传图谱和遗传多样性奠定了基础。 相似文献
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草鱼幼鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的遗传参数估计 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了研究草鱼幼鱼阶段生长性状和肌肉成分的遗传改良潜力。随机采集288尾人工繁育的4月龄草鱼幼鱼,基于12对微卫星标记,鉴定出来自16个家系（8个母本,9个父本）的273尾个体,各家系、母本和父本对应子代贡献率存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。对草鱼3个生长性状（体质量、体长和肥满度）和2个肌肉成分指标（粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量）比较发现,3个生长性状和粗蛋白含量在家系和母系半同胞间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而3个生长性状和2个肌肉成分指标在父系半同胞间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。基于动物模型和限制性最大似然法,草鱼4月龄体质量、体长、肥满度、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量的遗传力估值分别为0.34、0.33、0.17、0.17和0.20,其中3个生长性状遗传力估值统计检验显著（P<0.05）。遗传相关分析显示,体质量与体长之间呈极显著的高度正相关（0.82, P<0.01）,肥满度与体质量和2个肌肉成分之间存在显著的正相关（0.17-0.29, P<0.05）。研究表明,草鱼4月龄生长性状具有较高的选育潜力,并可通过体长选择实现对体质量的遗传改良;推测在草鱼生长改良过程中,可能会伴随肥满度和粗脂肪含量的变化,这应当引起重视。 相似文献
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崂山湾春季鱼类群落的摄食生态及其主要种类 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
崂山湾位于黄海的胶州湾和丁字湾之间,海湾开阔,是当前增殖放流的重点海域。根据2014年5月在崂山湾海域进行的底拖网调查,分析了该海域春季鱼类群落的种类组成和摄食生态。结果表明,崂山湾春季鱼类群落共32种鱼类,隶属8目,21科,30属;以鲈形目(Perciformes)的虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)和石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)种类最多;优势种有皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),主要种有大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)、丝虾虎鱼(Cryptocentrus filifer)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和银鲳(Pampus argenteus)。崂山湾春季鱼类群落的种类丰富度指数R为3.19,多样性指数H′为2.34;均匀度指数J′为0.68。胃含物分析结果表明,春季崂山湾生态系统鱼类群落的平均营养级为3.52;主要包括了浮游动物食性、杂食性和底栖动物食性3种食性类型,以底栖动物食性鱼类为主。在当前捕捞、气候变化和人类活动等多重压力下,海湾生态系统承受了巨大的压力,针对不同的海湾生态系统进行基础调研,可为制订相应的增殖放流、渔业保护和管理策略提供重要科学依据。 相似文献
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Phuong Ha Truong Alexander James Anderson Peter Barclay Mather Brian Douglas Paterson & Neil Andrew Richardson 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(3):322-328
The present study was conducted to explore the potential to incorporate local plant-based feed ingredients into diets formulated for the mud crab species, Scylla paramamosain , commonly exploited for aquaculture in South-east Asia. Four test ingredients (defatted soybean meal, rice bran, cassava meal and corn flour) were incorporated at 30% or 45% inclusion levels in a fishmeal-based reference diet and used in digestibility trials where apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for experimental diets and test ingredients were determined. Generally, high ADC values were obtained using diets containing 30% soybean meal or rice bran. By contrast, the lowest ADC values were obtained for the diet containing 45% cassava meal [70.9% for dry matter (ADMD); 77.1% for crude protein (ACPD) and 80.2% for gross energy (AGED)]. Similar trends were observed when ADC ingredient (I) digestibilities were compared. Specifically, the highest ADCI values were obtained for soybean meal when used at a 30% inclusion level (87.6% ADMDI; 98.4% ACPDI and 95.6% AGEDI) while the lowest ADCI values were obtained using cassava meal at a 45% inclusion level (53.8% ADMDI; 60.2% ACPDI and 67.3% AGEDI). Based on the current findings, we propose that soybean meal and rice bran could be considered for incorporation into formulated diets for S. paramamosain . 相似文献
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基于68个日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)全同胞家系,采用混合线性模型和约束极大似然法对日本囊对虾生长性状进行遗传参数的估计。结果表明:1)45日龄、75日龄体长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1545±0.0505、0.1933±0.0475,腹节长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1672±0.0473、0.1937±0.0468,体重性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1934±0.0439、0.1992±0.037,均为中等遗传力;2)不同日龄下日本囊对虾生长性状间的表型相关与遗传相关均为高度正相关,45日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.7121±0.0188、0.5147±0.0277、0.5052±0.0280,遗传相关为0.9896±0.00340、0.9304±0.0321、0.9429±0.0301,75日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.6710±0.0236、0.6555±0.0181、0.6534±0.0160,遗传相关为0.7637±0.0161,0.7479±0.0148,0.7177±0.0131。本研究表明对日本囊对虾生长性状进行选择是有效的,以体长、腹节长、体重任一性状作为指标进行选育均可达到生长改良的目的,本研究结果可为日本囊对虾的早期选择育种和多性状选择提供数据参考。 相似文献