共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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树干形状应用研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
树干形状在测树学中是一个重要的调查因子 ,它既决定着树干材积的数量和质量 ,而且还是某些测树用表编制的核心问题。但是如何准确、完善地表达树干形状 ,1 0 0多年来 ,林学家们为解决这一问题 ,做了大量工作 ,提出了许多干形指标及模型 ,并且从多方面对干形做了研究 ,但是对树干形状所做的诸多研究 ,大都偏重于理论推导方面 ,就其在实践中的应用 ,则涉及较少。本文就干形的应用研究情况概述如下。1 干曲线式应用研究进展1 .1 干曲线式在求算立木材积中的应用据文献显示 ,描述干形的方法较多 ,但可用来计算树干材积并用于生产实践者较少。… 相似文献
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利用秃杉标准木的解析数据,根据分形理论和R/S分析法,探讨秃杉树干不同高度处直径的相对生长量与树干相对高度之间的生长变化规律。结果表明,树干不同高度处直径相对生长量与绝对高度之间没有相关性,但与树干相对高度之间呈极显著相关;不同高度处直径的增量生长持续强度也不同;并进一步探讨引起树干不同高度处直径生长量不同的原因。秃杉树干相对高度在0.5～0.8之间的直径相对生长量较高,生产中可在树木高生长高峰期来临前,采取各种措施促进树木高生长,从而促进树干材积生长,减小树干的尖削度。 相似文献
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用于干形描述的2个少参数削度函数 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Heyns Kotzé 《林业科学》2008,44(6)
以修正的Brink函数和Pain函数拟合尾巨桉干形曲线.材料来源于南非暖温带花岗岩低地草原地区桉树工业用材林53块标准地的153株尾巨桉干形测定数据.2个削度方程均能对调查数据进行很好地拟合,只是在不同的相对高度时有小的偏差.参数少的方程具有十分好的应用前景,因为从理论上来说,可以用参数预估的方法建立一个广义的干形模型.参数预估不能运用于修正的Brink函数,但在Pain函数的基础上建立参数预估模型是可能的甚至是必要的,因为Pain函数是把绝对树干直径描述为相对树干高度的函数.为此,对参数预估模型是否能描述的树形差异或者仅仅是大小的差异作了测度评价.应用结果表明,参数预估模型未必能用于描述树形的差异. 相似文献
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在前人研究的基础上,笔者提出用相对干率来表示干形,通过相对干率可以把各种各样的现实树干转化为统一标准的圆柱体,并能够排列在一张平面图上实现直观图示。本文应用相对干率分析了长白山8个主要阔叶树种和同一树种不同树高阶段的干形差异及树干材积结构的变化。一、相对干率按照Hohenadl的5区分段等相对长区分求积法,令树干长L=1,从梢头开始取相对等间隔0.2L,在树干的0.1L,0.3L,0.5L,0.7L和0.9L处测定直径d_(0.1),d_(0.3),d_(0.5),d_(0.7)和d_(0.9)。若将各区分段材积V_i与树干总材积V之比定义为相对干率,则相对干率序列X_i即为: 相似文献
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[目的]通过造林试验研究西南桦无性系早期生长对氮素施肥的响应,揭示西南桦幼林氮素需求规律及无性系间差异。[方法]以4个西南桦无性系作为试验材料,设置0、50、150、250、400、550、700 g·株~(-1) 7个处理,开展氮素(尿素)施肥试验,调查保存率、生长(树高、胸径、枝下高和冠幅)、干形(径高比、树干通直度及主干分叉情况)等性状,分析这些性状在施肥处理间、无性系间的差异及二者的交互作用。[结果]造林后第5年,对于4个参试无性系而言,其保存率随施氮量的增加无明显变化规律,树高、胸径和冠幅整体上呈现"增加-稳定-减少"的变化趋势,径高比、树干通直度和主干分叉情况亦渐趋优良,但各施肥处理间差异并不显著(P0.05)。各无性系间生长和干形均差异显著,无性系C3的各性状总体上表现最优,其保存率、树高、胸径、枝下高、冠幅、主干分叉及通直度比最差的无性系C2分别高34%、42%、32%、16%、25%、22%和19%,氮肥和无性系的交互作用不显著。[结论]综上所述,施氮肥并不影响西南桦无性系造林后早期生长和干形质量,无性系间生长和干形差异显著,其中,无性系C3的生长和干形表现最佳。 相似文献
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四川桤木立木干形研究及材积计量的探索 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过 6 1株立木的 14个按树高的相对区分段处直径建立离差平方和乘积矩阵 ,从此矩阵出发 ,进行主分量分析 ,导出干形曲线方程 ,并以此作为求立木树干材积的依据 相似文献
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以一种单的可变干形树干尖削度曲线为基础,建立了一个给出树干纵剖面(树干上部带皮直径),总林木材积、商品材材积(从地面到某树高限或直径限)的材积估算系统。这一树干尖削度曲线由指示圆锥干形和抛物线干形的系数值所确定。对于给定的树高,小径木确定为抛物线干形,大径木确定为圆锥干形。林木在这一干形系列中的位置由其总树高与胸径的比值来确定。利用大湖区北部美国赤松、斑克松、白云杉的树干解析资料,对本材积估算系统的性能进行了评价。 相似文献
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<正> 日本林业学者曾研究树干向量、干形向量,确定了标准干形和全干材积贡献率,并用多变量分析进行了树干形状群的比较。鉴于上述研究尚不完善,本文在其基础上,采用多元回归方法,以黑龙江省孙吴县境内的四个主要树种为样本,建立了一个适用于本地区的较为理想的干形向量函数式,又用该式确定了直径和材积的计算公式。经比较发现,这种新的计算公式有估算精度高,方法简单之优点。 相似文献
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Susumu Kurinobu Daryono Prehatin Naiem Mohanmad Kenji Matsune 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(6):473-478
A stem taper equation compatible to the volume equation was derived from the data of 172 trees sampled in the three plantations
of Paraserianthes falcataria in Pare, East Java. The stem taper equation in this study was based on a conventional logarithmic volume equation, with the
addition of one free parameter that minimized the standard errors of estimate to the observed diameter of stems at 1.0-m intervals.
The derived equation was able to predict the stem taper of P. falcataria reasonably well, while it was not flexible enough to describe delicate changes of the taper in the upper portion of stem.
The equation was able to predict bole length and the volume up to the top diameter 20 cm, the diameter size merchantable for
sawn timber in Indonesia, with reasonable accuracy. An appropriate rotation age for sawn-timber production was found to be
8–9 years old, at which the mean annual increment of sawn timber would be maximized. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONWiththedevelopl11entofecono111yandoPeninghn1berInarket.thehlnbersizeiscaredaboutmorea11dl11ol'e.otl1ermse,l11uIhpleproductinventonesrequlresaccurateeshmatesofproductsizes(dial11eteral1dlengths)andvolume.Koreanpine(PinIisko1nIensisSib.etZucc.)isararehn1bersPeciesil1Heilol1roial1gProvince.ItisnecessarynotonlytopredicttI1evolumebasedonvolumetablebutalsotoas-sesstheassotheent.Accordingtothenahol1alhmbercritenonandthewoodqt1ality,thestandqualityisdetenl1i11ed.ThemainPOintofco… 相似文献
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Marcos Barrio Anta Ulises Diéguez-Aranda Fernando Castedo-Dorado Juan Gabriel Álvarez González Klaus von Gadow 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(5):511-520
A model is required for accurate estimation of the merchantable volume of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees in Galicia, northwestern Spain. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to obtain equations for predicting merchantable volumes and stem profiles of individual trees. For this reason, two compatible and four non-compatible volume systems were initially evaluated and fitted to data from 251 destructively sampled trees which were collected in stands located throughout the area of distribution of the species in Galicia. The outliers were removed to provide a data set of measurements from 3 090 sections, which was then available for fitting. A second-order continuous autoregressive error structure was used to account for autocorrelation. Comparison of the models was carried out using overall goodness-of-fit statistics and box plots of residuals against relative height or diameter class. The compatible volume system of Fang et al. [22] provided the best compromise in describing the stem profile and estimating merchantable height, merchantable volume and total volume and is therefore recommended for pedunculate oak stands in Galicia. 相似文献
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Carlos A López-Sánchez Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro Sacramento Corral-Rivas Juan G Álvarez-González 《Southern Forests》2016,78(2):131-135
Five stem taper models belonging to three different taper function categories were fitted to data corresponding to 282 Pseudotsuga menziesii trees. The trees were selected in the area surrounding 61 research plots installed in Galicia, Asturias and the Basque Country, northern Spain. The models were simultaneously fitted to observed values of diameter outside bark and inside bark. A third-order continuous-time autoregressive error structure was used to account for autocorrelation. Selection of the best model was based on both numerical (goodness-of-fit statistics) and graphical analysis (plots of residuals against position along the stem and against tree size). The three-segmented taper model finally selected has the advantage of being compatible with both a merchantable and a total stem volume equation. 相似文献
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基于分位数回归的华北落叶松干形曲线模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
干形是反映树干外部形态的重要指标,也是评价干材价值的重要依据,而削度方程是描述树木干形好坏的一个重要定量指标,其对干形模拟的准确性直接决定着树干材积和森林蓄积的估算结果。以河北省塞罕坝机械林场华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,基于4个常见的简单削度方程,模拟了260株样木的干形曲线,采用调整后决定系数(Ra^2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均误差(ME)和平均误差绝对值(MAE)评价模型的拟合效果和检验效果,筛选最优的基础模型,并利用分位数回归技术,构建人工华北落叶松干形曲线模型。结果表明,4个简单削度方程中,Kozak方程对华北落叶松干形的拟合效果最好(Ra^2=0.934,RMSE=1.985cm),检验结果也是最优的(ME=0.125cm,MAE=1.212cm)。因此,基于Kozak方程,结合分位数回归技术建立了华北落叶松干形曲线,相较于基础模型,分位数回归模型的拟合优度进一步提高。当分位点设置为0.1时,模型对靠近下部和上部的树干干形拟合效果较好;当分位点设置为0.5时,模型对位于中部的树干干形拟合效果较好;当分位点设置为0.9时,模型对树干基部的拟合效果较好。可见,分位数回归技术使模型具有更强的灵活性。 相似文献
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Compatible stem volume and taper equations for Brutian pine, Cedar of Lebanon, and Cilicica fir in Turkey 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Compatible segmented taper and volume functions were developed for Brutian pine, Cedar of Lebanon, and Cilicica fir in Turkey. The proposed models generally performed better for the whole tree, especially for Cilicica fir. Average diameter prediction error was less than 2.2 cm and average volume error was less than 0.009 m3. The proposed models provide needed merchantable stem volume and diameter estimates to any point in the bole based on the 10 relative height classes examined for the three species. Model estimates compared well to existing volume tables currently employed for these three important commercial species. 相似文献
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杨树立木材种材积成数与胸高直径呈极紧密相关。拟合回归模型9个，分别测算不同规格的材种材积成数，其相对误差在±5％以内。用林分蓄积量分别乘以各材种材积成数，可求得林分中各材种的蓄积量。 相似文献
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【目的】为了探究国产高分二号(GF-2)影像在林分蓄积量估测中的潜力,并找到最佳的蓄积量估测模型。【方法】本次实验以内蒙古旺业甸林场为研究区,以高分二号卫星影像为信息源,结合2017年10月份调查的75块样地以及同时期的GF-2影像数据,提取波段特征、植被指数和纹理特征等43个遥感因子作为候选变量,利用Pearson相关系数选择出与蓄积量显著相关的6个变量,采用多元线性回归模型(MLR)、BP-神经网络模型(BP-ANN)、随机森林模型(RF)、支持向量机模型(SVM)和K邻近模型(KNN)进行蓄积量的估测。以决定系数(R^2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、相对均方根误差(RRMSE%)作为5种模型的评价指标,选择出旺业甸林场的最佳蓄积量估测模型,并绘制了研究区的森林蓄积量分布图。【结果】4种机器学习模型的结果明显优于传统的线性模型,其中随机森林(RF)模型和K邻近模型(KNN)均得到了较高的精度,其中RF模型的R^2为0.66,均方根误差为55.2 m^3/hm^2,相对均方根误差为28.1%,KNN模型的R^2为0.64,均方根误差为57.6 m^3/hm^2相对均方根误差为29.3%。【结论】在利用高分二号数据进行旺业甸林场蓄积量估测时,RF和KNN模型在估测针叶林蓄积量时相比于其他模型可以取得更好的结果。 相似文献
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Volume estimation of Cryptomeria japonica logs in southern Brazil using artificial intelligence models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carlos R Sanquetta Luani RO Piva Jaime Wojciechowski Ana PD Corte 《Southern Forests》2018,80(1):29-36
This study aimed to test taper functions and artificial intelligence (AI) models in order to estimate merchantable volumes of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) trees in a homogenous plantation in southern Brazil. A total of 30 individuals were rigorously scaled and their total volumes were calculated, including those of the following log assortments: veneer, sawn, pulp and energy. Three AI models, i.e. two variants of k-nearest neighbours (KNN) instance-based classification (one and three nearest neighbours) and an artificial neural network (ANN) approach, were compared with three traditional taper models: fifth-order polynomial, fractional powers and the Garay model. The estimated volumes were compared with the actual volumes by means of the standard error (Syx), bias, precision and accuracy. Total volume estimates proved to be unbiased (maximum bias 5.42%), precise (maximum precision 9.28%) and accurate (maximum accuracy 10.79%) with all of the investigated models. The tested models tended to give lower bias, better precision and accuracy in the middle portion of the stems, but worse estimates at the base and tip (maximum bias ?12.41%). In general, the KNN models improved merchantable volume estimation, particularly KNN1, which is a straightforward and simple method. We conclude that AI techniques have appeal for application in forest inventories and that KNN is a particularly interesting alternative for tree volume estimation. 相似文献