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1.
Eight amino-substituted derivatives of 1-amino-benzotriazole (ABT) were synthesized and tested. N-acetyl-N-methyl ABT (AcMeABT) was found to kill maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid Pioneer 3737 at 5 kg ha?1 dose while ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was unaffected. The analogous N-propionyl-N-methyl ABT had an activity similar to AcMeABT whereas other N-acyl-N-alkyl derivatives had only moderate or no effects on maize. AcMeABT was considerably toxic to oats (Avena sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as well. Unlike ABT, AcMeABT did not show any in vitro inhibitory effect on cytochrome P-450 enzymes of maize microsomes. However, in vivo AcMeABT pre-treatment significantly decreased the microsomal cytochrome P-450 level of aetiolated maize seedlings. Moreover, a subtoxic dose of AcMeABT was a weak antagonist of a toxic dose of EPTC in maize in vivo. These data predict the involvement of cytochrome P-450 enzyme in the mode of action of AcMeABT. N-acyl-N-alkyl l-aminobenzotriazoles: phyto-toxicité, antagonisme avec l'EPTC et effets sur le cytochrome P-450 du maïe Huit dérivés sur le groupement amine de l'1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) ont été synthétisés. Une dose 5 kg ha?1 de N-acétyl-N-méthyl ABT (AcMeABT) détruisait le maïs (Zea mays L.) hy-bride Pioneer 3737 alors que le raygrass (Lolium perenne L.) n'était pas affecté. L'analogue N-propionyl-N-méthyl ABT avail une activité simi-laire à celle de l' AcMeABT, alors que les autres dérivés N-acyl-N-aklyl n'avaient que des effets nuls ou faibles surle maïs. L'AcMeABTétait très toxique à l'égard de l'avoine (Avena sativa L.) et du sorgho bicolore (Sorghum bicolor L.). Con-trairement à l'ABT, l'AcMeABT n'inhibait pas in vitro les enzymes P-450 des microsomes du maïs. Cependant, un pré-traitement in vivo a l'AcMeABT diminuait significativement le niveau de cytochromes P-450 microsomaux de jeunes plantes étiolées de maïs. En outre, une dose subtoxique d'AcMeABT avail sur maïs in vivo un effet antagoniste faible contre une dose loxique d'EPTC. Ces données suggèrent l'impli-cation d'enzymes cytochrome P-450 dans le mode d'action de l'AcMeABT. Phytotoxizität, Antagonismus gegenüber EPTC und Wirkungen auf das Cytochrom P-450 von N-Acyl-N-alkyl-1-aminobenztriazolen Bei Versuchen mit 8 Amino-subslituierten Deri-vaten von 1-Aminobenzotriazol (ABT) war N-Acetyl-N-methyl-1-aminobenztriazol (AcMeABT) mit 5 kg ha?1 für Mais (Zea mays L.) ‘Pionier 3737’ phyloloxisch, für Deulsches Weidelgras (Lolium perenne L.) nicht. Das analoge N-Propionyl-N-methyl-1-aminobenztriazol war ähnlich wirksam wie AcBeABT, andere Deri-vale kaum oder gar nichte. AcMeABT war für Saat-Hafer (Avena sativa L.) und Sorghumhirse (Sorghum bicolor L.) erheblich phytotoxisch. Anders als ABT zeigte AcMeABT in vitro keine Hemmwirkung auf das Cytochrom P-450 in Mais-Mikrosomen, in vivo jedoch nahm der Cy-tochrom-P-450-Gehalt etiolierter Mais-keimpflanzen nach AcMeABT-Behandlungen signifikantab. Außerdem war eine subtoxische Dosis von AcMeABT schwach antagonistisch für eine für Mais toxische EPTC-Dosis. Diese Daten weisen auf die Beteiligung des Cytochrom-P-450-Enzyms an der Wirkungsweise des AcMeABT hin. 相似文献
2.
The efficacies of nine structural analogues of the herbicide antidote naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (naphthalic anhydride, NA) for the protection of maize (Zea mays L. cv. DeKalb XL72AA and DeKalb XL67) against injury by the herbicide S-ethyl dipropyl(thiocarbamate) (EPTC) were elevated under greenhouse conditions. The chemical analogues of NA tested were: acenaphthenequinone (ACQ); 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (NH2NA); 1,8:4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (NDiA); naphthalene- 1,8-carboximide (NHNA); 4-chloronaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (C1NA); biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (diphenic anhydride; DA); 2-phenylglutaric anhydride (PGA); phthalic anhydride (PHA); phenalen-1-one (PA). Pre-plant incorporated applications of EPTC at 2.2, 4.5, 6.7, and 9.0 kg ha?1 were highly toxic to XL67 maize. Appreciable injury to XL72AA maize by EPTC was observed only with the high rates of EPTC (6.7 and 9.0 kg ha?1). Of the analogues tested PGA and PA were very toxic and inhibited germination of both maize hybrids. NA, ACQ, NH2NA, NDiA, NHNA, C1NA, DA, and PHA applied as seed dressings at 5.0 and 10 g per kg of seed offered satisfactory protection to XL72AA maize against EPTC rates higher than 6.7 kg ha?1. The same antidotes significantly antagonised the EPTC activity against XL67 maize but the overall protection obtained was partial and not agronomically important. The presence of the dicarboxylic anhydride group and of at least one aromatic ring attached directly to the anhydride appeared to be essential for the exhibition of protective activity by the structural analogues of NA. NA was slightly toxic to both hybrids of maize and chlorination of NA increased the phytotoxicity of this molecule. A genetic component that is present in the thiocarbamate-tolerant XL72AA hybrid but absent from the thiocarbamate-susceptible XL67 hybrid of maize appeared to be important for the phytotoxic activity of EPTC and may be involved in the protective activity of NA and its structural analogues. 相似文献
3.
Four experiments were conducted at six week intervals to determine the seasonal activity and persistence of soil-incorporated EPTC (5-ethyl N,N-dipropyl(thiocarbamate)) for Cyperus rotundus L. control and tolerance of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) during the dry and wet seasons in Viçosa, Brazil. Satisfactory control of C. rotundus was obtained at 2 kg/ha EPTC during the dry season and 4 kg/ha or more during the wet season. Only red beet and carrot tolerated these doses of EPTC when the crops were planted five days after application. However, selective control of C. rotundus was obtained when the planting date of lettuce was delayed for three or six weeks after EPTC application. EPTC controlled C. rotundus at half the dose that was required to control three species of annual grass that germinated near the soil surface. EPTC persisted longer when applied to air dry soil and incorporated with a rototiller than when incorporated into moist or wet soil. 相似文献
4.
The herbicide safener N-dichloroacetyl-1-oxa-4-aza-spiro-4,5-decane (AD-67) is of similar efficiency as the extensively used N.N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide (R-25788) and the structurally related 3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxa-zolidine (AD-2) in reducing EPTC [S-ethyl-N,N-dipropyl (thiocarhamate)] injury to maize (Zea mays L. cv. KSC 360). EPTC treatment produces growth retardation and deformities and inhibits CO2 fixation. It does not reduce epicuticular lipids appreciably but affects wax arrangement on the leaf surface. When EPTC is applied together with one of these safeners, these injuries are not observed. All three safeners act similarly. Each prevents the herbicide-induced aggregation of epicuticular wax of maize, thereby protecting the plants against the formation of areas where the underlying cuticle layers are exposed and increase in transpiration. 相似文献
5.
The effect of herbicide placemem in the soil on control of Cyperus rotundus L. was studied in the greenhouse with EPTC, alaehlor, norfiurazon, perlluidone, napropamide, trifluralin, and naptalam, EPTC was the mosl active herbicide, increasing the number of sprouts per tuber but inhibitmg bud development at an early stage of growth. The effect was greatest when EPTC was incorporated with the soil around the tubers. The effects of alaehlor were similar, but higher doses were required. Another active herbicide, norfiurazon, was taken up by the roots but its effect was to produce small, chlorotic leaves, Perfluidone was mosl effective when incorporated into the soil around the tubers or when placed in a layer 1 cm above them. Very little effect of napropamide trifluralin and naptalam was observed. In studies of growth and deveiopmenl with different planting depths, C. rotumtus produced basal bulbs, roots and most of its early reproductive parts in a layer of soil 1–3 cm from the surface, irrespective of the depth at which the tubers were planted. Shoots etncrged from 35 im deep but not from 50 cm. 相似文献
6.
G. N. PRENDEVILLE 《Weed Research》1968,8(2):106-114
Summary. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of herbicide placement at different zones of maize (Zea mays L.) and pea (Pisum sativwm L.) shoots below the soil surface after emergence. Soil was removed from around the shoots and replaced with herbicide-treated soil. A wax barrier ensured separate exposure of the zones to treated soil. EPTC, chlorpropham, propham and sulfallate did not affect pea shoot growth, but in maize the shoot zone adjacent to the crown root node was extremely sensitive. Treatment in this area markedly reduced growth and severely inhibited the crown roots. The difference in susceptibility between these species may he due to the location of the growing point relative to the treated soil. Shoots of maize and pea were sensitive to diuron. In maize the shoot adjacent to the crown root node and the tissue of the first internode were the most susceptible. In pea the- uppermost shoot (beneath the soil surface) was the most sensitive. Trifluralin did not affect growth of maize and pea when placed in the shoot zone after emergence, although the crown roots of maize were severely inhibited. Naptalam, dalapon and 2,4-D did not affect growth of maize under similar conditions, and of these only 2,4-D reduced growth of pea. Zone d'abiorption des tiges pour les herbicides appliqués sur h sol 相似文献
7.
Christopher Parker 《Pest management science》1983,14(1):40-48
The history of herbicide antidotes is reviewed, beginning with the exploration of compounds to protect wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against barban in the early 1960s, and the later introduction of naphthalic anhydride (NA, naphthalene-1, 8-dicarboxy-licanhydride) as a seed dressing for protecting maize (Zea mays L.) against EPTC. This compound was largely replaced by Stauffer's R-25788 (N, N-diallyl-2, 2-dichloroacetamide) which has continued to be widely used in conjunction with EPTC and butylate in maize. This compound is highly specific to maize and can thus be applied in admixture with the herbicide, but has not proved of practical value on other crop species. NA on the other hand is less specific and is of potential value on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and rice (Oryza sativa L.); experimental work continues on these crops. The only other antidote to be marketed so far is cyometrinil as a seed dressing for protecting sorghum against metolachlor and related herbicides. Other compounds are under development. Mode of action and structure-activity relations are discussed, as well as the current and future potential for antidotes in respect of the control of weed species in closely related crops, the increased options for herbicide use in minor crops and the possibility of reduced costs for broad spectrum weed control in major crops. 相似文献
8.
Abstract A field experiment was conducted in 1973 and 1974 at Udaipur, India to evaluate the selective weed control efficacy of stale seed-bed prepared with paraquat (1 kg/ha) or by cultivation, pre-planting incorporation of EPTC (1.5 kg/ha), and post-emergent application of MCPB (0.5 kg/ha). Two crop protectants, NA and activated carbon, were also field tested as seed treatments against injury by EPTC. It was found that stale seed-bed prepared by desiccation of weed seedlings with paraquat a day before planting berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and pre-planting incorporation of EPTC were both effective in significantly reducing weed growth and boosting yields of berseem. Berseem seeds coated with activated carbon before planting provided appreciable protection to the crop against EPTC, but NA stunted berseem growth. A combination of stale seed-bed and EPTC caused maximum reduction in weed growth. Post-emergent MCPB, though efficient in controlling weeds, was highly phytotoxic to the crop. Chenopodium spp. and Phalaris minor were lower in net energy content than berseem. 相似文献
9.
A. ?. Tun?bilek 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1995,68(2):37-38
The effect of gramma radiation on the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.) was studied. Adults were subjected to 12 doses ranging from 0 to 180 Gy of gamma radiation from a60Co source. The time to onset of death and the duration of the period of mortality were investigated. Survival of the adults was decreased with increase of the doses. LD50 and LD99,9 values were calculated.With one figure and one table 相似文献
10.
The influence of no-tillage and conventional tillage on the outcome of early weed interference in maize (Zea mays L., cv. TZB), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, cv. VITA-5] and their intercrop at populations of 40000, 50 000 and 30 000 + 40 000 plants ha?1 was investigated on a loamy sand Oxic Ustropept in a subhumid tropical environment between April and July 1980. Both tillage treatments received 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K2O ha?1. Although the weed spectrum was wider under no-tillage, weed weight was only 52% of the weight recorded under conventional tillage 6 weeks after sowing and the average food energy yield reductions caused were 28 and 65%, respectively. Cropping pattern had no effect on plot weediness. With minimum or no weed interference, maize performance was better in conventional than no-tillage but worse with prolonged weed interference. Cowpea responded more to weed interference than to tillage practice. Regardless of tillage practice and weed interference duration (up to 6 weeks) after sowing, maize monoculture produced the highest food energy yield, followed by maize/cowpea intercrop and cowpea monoculture in that order. 相似文献
11.
Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. & Mey. was very tolerant to paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium). The paraquat concentration required to reduce dry weight of R. glutinosa by 50% (GR50) was 24 mM , whereas a similar effect was obtained with 0·75 mM in Zea mays L. (maize, cv. Dekalb) and Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean, cv. Kwangkyo). When 1·5 mM paraquat in 10% aqueous extract of R. glutinosa was applied to maize and soybean, growth inhibition reached 24% and 7%, respectively, of the untreated control. Decreased activity of paraquat due to the extract also occurred in both leaf discs and chloroplasts of soybean. The total amount of [14C]paraquat absorbed into soybean leaves after 48 h was 34%, but it was reduced to 17% when the extract was added. Translocation of [14C]paraquat was also inhibited in the presence of the extract. In thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis using various solvent systems, Rf values of [14C]paraquat with the extract differed from those without the extract. The results suggested that the aqueous extract of R. glutinosa contained a substance which could nullify paraquat activity. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献
12.
Eleven corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids were evaluated in terms of their growth response to treatment with a high rate (6.7 kg ha?1) of the thiocarbamate herbicide, EPTC, and the chloroacetanilide herbicide, metolachlor. Most of the tested hybrids were more susceptible to treatment with metolachlor than EPTC. It was apparent that the degree of tolerance observed for one of these herbicides was not necessarily matched by a similar degree of tolerance to the other. No correlation between glutathione content and herbicide tolerance was observed for the 11 hybrids tested. A relationship between glutathione S–transferase (GST) activity and metolachlor tolerance was suggested by this study. In general, higher GST activities were characteristic of the more tolerant hybrids. The monooxygenase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), in combination with EPTC resulted in a synergistic effect on eight of the eleven tested hybrids. PBO acted synergistically in combination with metolachlor on only two hybrids and to a lesser extent than with EPTC. Soil treatment with the oxygen evolving compound, calcium peroxide, appeared to have an antagonistic effect on the growth response of ‘Northrup–King 9283’ corn treated with EPTC. In contrast the same treatment had a synergistic effect on the growth response of this hybrid to metolachlor. Both the synergism of EPTC by PBO and the antagonism by calcium peroxide are believed to be due to the importance of monooxygenase activity in the metabolism of EPTC. Tolerance to EPTC is consequently more likely to be influenced by oxidative reactions than is tolerance to metolachlor. Réponses comparées d'hybrides sélectionnés de mai's (Zea mays) a l'EPTC et au métolachlor Onze hybrides de mai's (Zea mays) ont étéétudiés en regard de leur croissance suite à un traitement à une dose é1evée (6.7 kg ha?1) de 1'herbicide thiocarbamate, EPTC et de 1'herbicide chloroacétanilide, métolachlor. La plupart des hybrides testés étaient plus sensibles au métolachlor qu' à l'EPTC. II est apparu que le degré de tolérance observé pour 1'un de ces herbicides n'était pas nécessairement accompagné par un degré similaire de tolérance pour 1'autre. Aucune corrélation entre la teneur en glutathion et la tolérance herbicide n'a été observée pour les 11 hybrides testés. Une relation entre 1'activité de la glutathion S–trans–férase (GST) et la tolérance au métolachlor a été suggérée par cette étude. En général les activités GST plus élevées étaient caractéristiques des hybrides les plus tolérants. L'inhibiteur monooxygénase, le pipéronyl butoxide (BPO) en mélange avec l'EPTC a abouti a un effet synergique sur 8 des 11 hybrides testés. PBO a agis en synergic en mélange avec le métolachlor chez seulement 2 hybrides et à une échelle moindre qu'avec 1'EPTC. Un traitement du sol avec un composé oxygéné, du calcium peroxyde, est apparu avoir un effet antagoniste sur la croisance du mai's ‘Northrup–King 9283’ traitéà l'EPTC. Au contraire, le même traitement a eu un effet de synergie sur la croissance de cet hybride traité au métolachlor. Tant la synergie entre l'EPTC et le PBO, que l'antagonisme avec le calcium peroxidé semblent être liés à l'importance de l'activité monoxygenase dans le métabolisme de l'EPTC. La tolérance à l'EPTC est en conséquence plus étroitement influencée par les réactions oxydantes que la tolérance au métolachlor. Reaktion ausgewählter Mais-Hybriden (Zea mays L.) auf EPTC und Metolachlor Das Wachstum von 11 Mais-Hybriden (Zea mays L.) nach Behandlung mit einem hohen Aufwand (6,7 kg ha?1) des Thiocarbamats EPTC und des Chloracetanilids Métolachlor. Es war deutlich, daß der Grad der Toleranz gegenüber einem dieser Herbizide nicht notwendigerweise dem bei dem anderen entsprach. Bei allen 11 Hybriden konnte keine Korrelation zwischen dem Glutathion-Gehalt und der Herbizidtoleranz gefunden werden. Auf Grund dieser Untersuchung wird eine Beziehung zwischen der Aktivität der Glutathion-S-Transferase (GST) und der Metolachlor-Toleranz angenommen, denn tolerantere Hybriden hatten im allgemeinen eine höhere GST-Aktivität. Der Monooxygenase-Hemmer Piperonylbutoxid (PBO) hatte zusammen mit EPTC eine synergistische Wirkung auf 8 der 11 Hybriden. Mit Metolachlor wirkte PBO synergistisch nur bei 2 Sorten und in geringerem Maße als mit EPTC. Eine Bodenbearbeitung mit dem sauerstoffabgebenden Calciumperoxid hatte offensichtlich eine antagonistische Wirkung auf das Wachstum von ‘Northrup-King 9283’ bei Behandlung mit EPTC. Im Gegensatz dazu wirkte dieselbe Behandlung dieser Hybride mit Metolachlor synergistisch. Es wird angenommen, daß sowohl der Synergismus von EPTC mit PBO als auch der Antagonismus mit Calciumperoxid für die Bedeutung der Monooxygenase-Aktivität für den Metabolismus von EPTC sprechen. Die Toleranz gegenüber EPTC ist deshalb wahrscheinlich mehr durch oxydative Reaktionen beeinflußt als die Toleranz gegenüber Métolachlor. 相似文献
13.
采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了烟草灰霉病菌对多菌灵、嘧霉胺、异菌脲和丙环唑的敏感性,同时通过离体叶片法评估了这4种杀菌剂对烟草灰霉病的保护和治疗作用。结果表明:4种杀菌剂对烟草灰霉病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均表现出了不同程度的抑制活性,并对灰霉病同时具有保护和治疗作用。其中多菌灵对菌丝生长的抑制活性最强,EC50平均值为0.06 mg/L,其次为丙环唑、嘧霉胺和异菌脲,EC50平均值分别为0.36、0.53和0.60 mg/L;异菌脲和丙环唑对烟草灰霉病菌孢子萌发的抑制活性较强,EC50平均值分别为2.05和2.21 mg/L,其次为嘧霉胺和多菌灵,EC50平均值分别为10.56和131.23 mg/L。异菌脲和多菌灵对灰霉病的保护作用和治疗作用均最强,当药剂质量浓度为200 mg/L时,其对离体叶片的保护和治疗作用防效分别为100%、100%和98.3%、91.8%。研究结果可为烟草灰霉病的科学防治提供依据。 相似文献
14.
Accelerated degradation of vernolate, EPTC and butylate but not of cycloate was detected in soils from three locations in Israel which were treated annually with vernolate. Repeated application of EPTC to soils with and without a history of vernolate application, under laboratory conditions, resulted in a progressive increase in its rate of dissipation with each application. Accelerated degradation of EPTC was also rapidly induced by mixing small amounts (5%) of soil with a history of vernolate treatment with soil that had never received vernolate. Liberation of 14CO2 from [14C]EPTC was more rapid in vernolate-treated soils than in untreated soils, indicating a development of microbial populations in soil capable of rapidly degrading the EPTC. Degradation of [14C]EPTC was faster in soil previously cropped with maize than in non-cropped soil, but slower in soils cropped with cotton or peanuts. 相似文献
15.
The rapid interactions between the herbicide S-ethyl dipropyl thiocarbamate (EPTC) and the structurally similar herbicide protectant N,N-diallyl 2,2-dichloroacetamide (DDCA) at the level of herbicide uptake were examined in maize cell cultures. When the two compounds were given simultaneously, DDCA inhibited uptake of [14C]EPTC into maize cells measured for 30 min. A Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated this inhibition to be competitive. N,N-Diallyl 2-chloroacetamide (CDAA), a compound similar in structure to DDCA, inhibited uptake to a lesser extent. Other protectants having no similarity in structure to either DDCA or EPTC had no inhibitory effect on the uptake of EPTC. The data suggest that competition between DDCA and EPTC for a site of uptake may be related to their similarity in chemical structure. Experiments with metabolic inhibitors suggested that uptake of EPTC is not via an active transport mechanism. We suggest that competition for uptake between EPTC and DDCA may represent the first step in a complex series of interactions between the herbicide and its protectant that contributes to the protection of maize from herbicide injury. 相似文献
16.
Differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate in maize seedlings following applications to roots or shoot
The transport and differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate was investigated in maize seedlings following application of the herbicide to either roots or shoots. One-leaf maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) were maintained in graduated cylinders (250 mL) containing nutrient solution. Half of the test plants were placed in cylinders (100 mL) containing different 14C-glyphosate concentrations; the remainder received foliar appliation of 14C-glyphosate. After 26 h, the roots and the treated leaves were washed with distilled water, and the plants placed again in cylinders (250 mL) containing fresh nutrient solution for 5 days. Plants were weighed, and split into root, seed, cotyledon, coleoptile, mesocotyl, first leaf and apex. The recovery of 14C-glyphosate was over 86%. For both application treatments, the shoot apex was the major sink of the mobilized glyphosate (47.9 ± 2.93% for root absorption and 45.8 ± 2.91% for foliar absorption). Expressed on a tissue fresh weight basis, approximately 0.26 μg a.e. g−1 of glyphosate in the apex produced a 50% reduction of plant fresh weight (ED50) when the herbicide was applied to the root. However, the ED50 following foliar absorption was only 0.042 μg a.e. g−1 in the apex, thus maize seedlings were much more sensitive to foliar application of the herbicide. 相似文献
17.
Olive processing wastes for weed control 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The herbicidal effect of olive processing wastes (OPW) on some weed species in wheat, maize and sunflower was investigated in the Aegean region of Turkey. In trials with maize and sunflower, OPW was applied as an air‐dried solid form at 3 and 4.5 kg m?2. It provided an effectiveness level on Portulaca oleracea of 63–98%. In trials with wheat, OPW was applied as solid and liquid forms, each at two different doses, namely 4.5 and 6 kg m?2 (solid), and 5 and 10 L m?2 (liquid). Solid OPW provided a reduction in total weed coverage of 75% and 81% at doses of 4.5 and 6 kg m?2, respectively. The weed coverage reduction by liquid OPW was 39% and 62% with 5 and 10 L m?2, respectively. Apart from 12–26% reduction of the number of germinating seeds, OPW showed no toxic effects on maize and sunflower. Wheat was affected in the initial stages but no adverse effect was detected at harvest. It can be concluded that the herbicidal effect of OPW may be considered as an alternative to chemical weed control in some important summer crops (maize and sunflower) and for most of the weeds in winter wheat. 相似文献
18.
R.E. Wilkinson 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,23(2):289-293
The influence of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) on the hydrogenation of geranylgeranylchlorophyll (GG-Chl) to phytol-Chl was studied during the greening (6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 48-hr incandescent light exposure) of etiolated wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) cv “Stacy”] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv “G 522DR”] seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing 14C-labeled sodium acetate. Chloroplast pigment synthesis occurred and small quantities of GG-Chl were found in both Chl?a and Chl?b. When wheat seedlings were greened for 48 hr in an EPTC concentration series (1 nM to 100 μM), geranylgeraniol (GG) content increased from 11% (control) to 60% (100 μM EPTC) of the isoprenoid alcohol esterified to chlorophyllide a, but Chl-b contained ≤1% GG-Chl at all concentrations of EPTC. Sorghum seedlings greened for 48 hr in the same EPTC concentration series contained about 3% GG (control) while 100 and 40% GG esterified to chlorophyllide a and chlorophyllide b, respectively, after 48 hr exposure to 100 μM EPTC. Thus, EPTC prevented hydrogenation of GG-Chl to phytol-Chl on the Chl molecule more in sorghum than in wheat. 相似文献
19.
R-25788 (2,2-Dichloro-N,N-diallylacetamide) was the most effective of six potential antidotes evaluated to counter corn (Zea mays L.) injury from the acetanilide herbicides alachlor, metolachlor, acetochlor, H-22234 (N-chloroacetyl-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine ethyl ester), and H-26910 (N-chloroacetyl-N-(2-methyl-6-cthylphenyl)glycine isopropyl ester). The other potential antidotes in order of decreasing effectiveness were: R-29148 (2,2-dimethyl-5-methyl-dichloroacetyloxazolidine), NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride), CDAA (2-chloro-N,N-diallylacetamide), Carboxin (2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-l,4-oxathiin), and gibberellin (GA3). GA3 only partly relieved the stunting of corn caused by EPTC and metolachlor and did not prevent other herbicide injury symptoms, suggesting that the mode of action of EPTC and metolachlor is not to simply block GA3 synthesis. R-25788 protected corn equally well from acetanilide or EPTC injury. Produits protecteurs du maïs (Zea mays) contre les dommages provoqués par les acétanilides herbicides Le R-25788 (2,2-dichloro-N.N-diallylacétamide) s'est révéléêtre le plus efficace de six produits protecteurs essayés pour préserver le maïs (Zeas mays L.) des dégâts provoqués par des acétanilides herbicides: alachlore, métolachlore, acétochlore, H-22234 (ester éthylique de la N-chloracétyl-N-(2,6-diéthylphényl) glycine) et H-26910 (ester isopropylique de la N-chloroacétyl-N-(2-méthyl-6-éthylphényl) glycine. Les autres produits protecteurs potentiels ont été, dans l'ordre d'efficacité décroissante: le R-29148 (2,2-diméthyl-5-méthyl-dichloroacéthyloxazolidine), l'AN (anhydride 1.8-naphtalique), le CDAA (2-chloro-N-N-diallylacétamide), la carboxyne (2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-méthyl-l,4-oxathiine) et la gibbérelline (A3 G). Cette dernière a seulement atténué le rabou-grissement provoqué par l.EPTC et le métolachlore chez le maïs. Elle n'a pas supprimé les symptômes de dommages provoqués par les autres herbicides, ce qui suggère que le mode d'action de I'EPTC et du métolachlore ne consiste pas seulement en un blocage de la synthèse de la gibbérelline. Le R-25788 a protégé le maïs des dommages provoqués par l'acétanilide ainsi que par I'EPTC. Potentielle Antidots zur Vermeidung von Acetanilid-Herbizid-schäden an Mais (Zea mays) Von sechs potentiellen Antidots, die geprüft wurden, um Schäden an Mais (Zea mays L.) durch Acetanilid-Herbizide zu vermeiden, war R-25788 (2,2-Dichlor-N,N-diallylacetamid) am wirksamsten. Die verwendeten Herbizide waren: Alachlor, Metolachlor, Acetochlor, H-22234 [N-Chloracetyl-N-(2,6- diäthylphenyl) glycin Älhylester] und H-26910 [N-Chloracelyl-N-(2-méthyl-6-äthylphenyl)glycin lsopropylester]. Die weiteren möglichen Antidots, in der Reihenfolge abnehmender Wirksamkeit, waren: R-29148 (2,2-Dimethyl-5-methyldichlorace-toxazolidin), NA (1,8-Naphthalsäureanhydrid), CDAA (2-Chlor-N,N-diallylacetamid), Carboxin (2,3-Dihydro-5-car- boxanilido-6-methyl-l,4-oxathiin) und Gibberellin (GA3). durch GA3 wurde die dureh EPTC und Metolachlor verursachte Stauchung des Mais nur teilweise vermieden. Die durch andere Herbizide verusachten Symptome liessen sich durch GA3 nicht vermeiden, was darauf schliessen lässt, dass die Wirkungsweise von EPTC und Metolachlor nicht einfach mit einer Blockierung der GA3 -Synthese zu erklären ist. R-25788 schützte Mais gleichermassen vor Acetanilid-, wie vor EPTC-Schäden. 相似文献
20.
Breeding of herbicide-resistant foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) is desirable in modern agriculture because no selective herbicide is available for this crop. Trifluralin-resistant millet lines obtained from a interspecific cross between a resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and a foxtail millet cultivar were tested for response to five dinitroaniline herbicides in greenhouse and field experiments. The results in the greenhouse study showed that the resistant type was cross-resistant to all tested herbicides. ED50 values indicated that the highest resistance was obtained with trifluralin, the resistant biotype being seven and 33 times more resistant than the parent cultivar at the emergence and seedling stages, respectively. However, the doses recommended for efficient weed control resulted in some detrimental effects on emergence and growth in the field. Strategies for use of this resistance to control weeds in millet fields are proposed. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献