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1.
Sex chromosome abnormalities have been detected in a further five mares with clinical histories of small ovaries and absent or irregular oestrous cycles. Three mares had 63,XO karyotypes (X monosomy) and two were sex chromosome mosaics with karyotypes of 63,XO/64,XY and 63,XO/64,XX/64,XY respectively. A sex chromosome abnormality (X monosomy) has also been found in a filly where it was suspected because of her short stature. 相似文献
2.
Sex chromosome abnormalities have been detected in a further five mares with clinical histories of small ovaries and absent or irregular oestrous cycles. Three mares had 63,XO karyotypes (X monosomy) and two were sex chromosome mosaics with karyotypes of 63,XO/64,XY and 63,XO/64,XX/64,XY respectively. A sex chromosome abnormality (X monosomy) has also been found in a filly where it was suspected because of her short stature. 相似文献
3.
Stewart-Scott IA 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1988,36(2):63-65
Chromosomal abnormalities have been detected in five mares identified by their poor reproductive performance. All had small gonads and absent or irregular oestrous cycles. One mare was 65, XXX, two were 64, XY sex-reversal females and two were sex chromosome mosaics with karyotypes of 63, XO/64, XX/64, XY and 63, XO/64, XX respectively. This report supports the suggestion made in earlier studies that sex chromosome abnormalities may be a significant cause of sterility in the mare. 相似文献
4.
S E Long 《Equine veterinary journal》1988,20(2):89-93
Nine reproductively normal mares, 25 infertile mares and one set of heterosexual twins were examined cytogenetically using conventional giemsa staining, C-banding and G-banding. It was concluded that G-banding was necessary to identify even gross anomalies. Three (12 per cent) of the infertile mares, but none of the controls, had a chromosomal anomaly. One was 63,XO, one a 63,XO/64,XX mixoploid and one a 64,XY sex reversed male. It is argued that a cytogenetic examination is a useful diagnostic technique but that routine screening of the whole population would be uneconomic. 相似文献
5.
Karyotype evaluation among young horse populations in Poland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Five hundred young horses of the following breeds: Thoroughbred, Silesian, Malopolska, Wielkopolska, Polish Konik, Hutsul, Shetland Pony, Half-bred Anglo-Arabian, Noble Half-bred, Fjord and crosses were cytogenetically investigated. Chromosome preparations obtained after lymphocyte culture were analysed using conventional Giemsa staining and CBG-banding methods. In the case of abnormalities GTG-banding as well as FISH technique were applied. In ten mares different karyotypic abnormalities were diagnosed. One mare showed chromosome chimerism (64,XX/64,XY), eight had sex chromosomal aneuploidy (one in pure line 63,X and seven in mosaic form 63,X/64,XX) and one presented autosomal aneuploidy with mosaicism (64,XX/65,XX,+31). The influence of sex chromosome abnormalities on fertility and the possible utilisation of karyotypic control in any selection programme are discussed. 相似文献
6.
An intersex horse exhibiting cell types of different sex chromosome constitution was subjected to further studies in order to determine whether the house was a mosaic or a chimera. Cultures of gonadal tissue and peripheral blood revealed mainly 64/XX and 64/XY cells, the former predominating in both tissues. The frequency of drumstick-bearing poly-morphonuclear neutrophils in the intersex horse was similar to that noted in normal mares. Blood type analysis using 17 naturally occurring agglutinins and hemolysins revealed partial agglutinations with three antibodies for the factors of the A system (anti-A, anti-F, and anti-I), and partial hemolysis with anti-Fr3 suggesting erythrocyte chimerism probably resulting from intrauterine interchange of blood cell precursors as noted in other domestic animals. On the other hand, the presence of XX and XY cells in cultures of gonads which in our intersex horse were apparently devoid of germ cells, would seem to indicate wholebody chimerism resulting from double fertilization or blastocyst fusion. 相似文献
7.
TWo cases of XO-gonadal dysgenesis in the mare are presented. Case No 1 was a pure 63, XO, while Case No 2 was a mosaic with a preponderance of XX cells. The clinical picture was one of phenotypically normal female mares with small uteri and infantile ovaries. The ovaries lacked germ cells, and consisted of stroma only. This study emphasizes the importance of chromosome analysis in providing information concerning the mechanisms involved is some cases of equine infertility. 相似文献
8.
In two kittens from the same litter with spina bifida and meningocoele the phenotypic male was found to have a normal 38XY chromosome complement whilst the phenotypic female had a 37XO chromosome complement. It was concluded that the spina bifida condition was due to the manx ancestry and not to the 37XO karyotype. The possible effect of the XO complement in cats is discussed. 相似文献
9.
AIM: To determine the suitability of measuring faecal oestrone sulphate (OS) by enzymeimmunoassay as a means of determining pregnancy status in mares bred under New Zealand conditions. METHODS: An antibody-coated microtitre plate-based enzymeimmunoassay was used to determine the concentration of OS in faecal and plasma samples obtained from pregnant and non-pregnant mares. RESULTS: In non-pregnant mares, the mean faecal OS concentration was 34 ng/g, and the value three standard deviations above this was 80 ng/g. None of 427 faecal samples collected from 116 non-pregnant mares over a l-year period had an OS concentration >80 ng/g. Only five samples from three mares had an OS concentration >65 ng/g, the value two standard deviations above the mean non-pregnant value. Analysis of faecal OS concentrations in 532 faecal samples collected from 39 pregnant mares showed that as pregnancy progressed, an increasing proportion of faecal samples had OS concentrations >80 ng/g. None of the mares 150 days or more pregnant had faecal OS concentrations <50 ng/g, and 204/220 samples obtained from these mares had faecal OS concentrations >80 ng/g. Following foaling or foetal death, elevated faecal OS concentrations returned quickly to non-pregnant levels. The mean +/- s.e.m. plasma level of OS in five mares bled daily throughout one oestrous cycle was 1.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml. Sixty-eight blood samples from pregnant mares bled up to five times between 92 days after mating and foaling all had plasma OS concentrations >30 ng/ml, with 64/68 being >50 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that measuring faecal OS concentrations by enzymeimmunoassay offers a convenient, accurate, non-invasive means of determining pregnancy status in mares from 150 days after mating onwards. Mares with faecal OS concentrations <50 ng/g can be considered not pregnant, while mares with faecal OS concentrations >80 ng/g can be considered pregnant. Those few mares returning a faecal OS concentration between 50 and 80 ng/g should be retested to obtain a conclusive result. Measuring plasma OS concentrations allows pregnancy status to be determined earlier (from 100 days after mating). Moreover, the discrimination between non-pregnant and pregnant levels is greater for OS in plasma than in faeces. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Measurement of OS concentrations in faeces provides an alternative and non-invasive means of determining pregnancy status in mares from 150 days after mating. 相似文献
10.
Dirk K. Vanderwall Desirée M. RasmussenKevin G. Carnahan PhD Tracy L. Davis PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012
The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the effect of twice versus once daily administration of oxytocin on days 7-14 after ovulation on the duration of corpus luteum (CL) function and (2) determine the effect of oxytocin treatment on endometrial oxytocin receptor concentration in mares. In experiment 1, mares were randomly assigned to three groups on day 7: (1) untreated control group (n = 7), (2) twice daily oxytocin treatment group (n = 7), and (3) once daily oxytocin treatment group (n = 8). Oxytocin-treated mares received 60 U of oxytocin intramuscularly (IM) the respective number of times each day on days 7 through 14. One of seven control mares (14%), five of seven (71%) twice daily oxytocin-treated mares, and five of eight (63%) once daily oxytocin-treated mares had prolonged CL function. There was no significant difference in the proportion of mares with prolonged CL function between the two oxytocin-treated groups, and collectively, oxytocin treatment increased (P < .05) the proportion of mares with prolonged CL function compared with no treatment. In experiment 2, mares were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 5/group): (1) saline-treated control mares, and (2) oxytocin-treated mares. Beginning on day 7, control mares received 3 mL of sterile saline IM twice daily, and oxytocin-treated mares received 60 U of oxytocin IM twice daily through day 14. On day 15, endometrial oxytocin-binding capacity was determined (as a measure of oxytocin receptor concentration), and there was no difference (P > .1) between control and oxytocin-treated mares (1,465.7 ± 108 and 1,382.8 ± 108 fmol/mg protein [mean ± standard error of mean], respectively). 相似文献
11.
Von Yoh-Ichi Miyake Tsune Ishikawa Keiichiro Kawata 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1979,14(4):145-150
Contents: Three mares that had heen diagnozed clinically as sterile were cytogenetically investigated. For each o f the mures 63 or more metaphases were analyzed (63 metaphases in one case, 72 metaphases in the 2nd case and 90 rnetaphases in the 3rd case). Only the sex chromosomal monosomy (63, X) were detected in each of the metaphases. Using the G-banding technique unpairing X-chromosomes, was accurately distinguished from autosomes nos. 1 and 2. The incidence of drumstick was 0.5 76 and 0.2 % respectively in two cases. The most obvious clinical abnormality was gonadal dysgenesis, which was observed in all mares. N o clear-cut oestrus symptoms were detectable despite repeated treatment with various hormones. 相似文献
12.
M. Boeta MVZ MS A. Porras MVZ DCV L.A. Zarco MVZ PhD R. Aguirre-Hernndez PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(2):55-58
The ovulatory activity of mares located at 19° 21′N was monitored from November to June. Twenty-one mares were used (11 quarter-mile mares and 10 hybrids). Every week the mares were subjected to ultrasonographic observations of the ovaries, and blood samples for progesterone determinations were collected. Estrus activity was evaluated by teasing with a stallion. A mare was considered to be in an anovulatory state if progesterone concentrations during 5 or more consecutive samples were below 1 ng/mL. Cyclic ovulatory activity during the entire duration of the study was recorded in 62% of the mares. Only 38% of the mares (5 quarter-mile and 3 hybrid mares) had anovulatory periods, which lasted 128.5 ± 14.4 days (mean ± SEM) and occurred at some point between November and May. The duration of the anovulatory period varied from 70 to 196 days. Estrous behavior was shown during the anovulatory period in 75% (6/8) of the mares that had such a period. Most mares maintain regular ovulatory activity during the winter and spring at 19° 21′ north, and that a wide variation occurs in the duration of the anovulatory period of those mares that stop cycling at this latitude. 相似文献
13.
J. Braun 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1988,23(4):193-200
Inhalt: Zyklussynchronisierung und Transfertechnik sind zwei entscheidende Faktoren für den Erfolg eines ET-Programmes beim Pferd. In diesen Untersuchungen wurde versucht, durch eine gleichzeitige Östrusinduktion im Diöstrus bei einer Gruppe von Spender- und Empfängerstuten (jeweils 1–4 Stuten) mittels PG-F2α, den Ovulationszeitpunkt für einen Transfer zu synchronisieren. Es wurden insgesamt 32 Zyklen bei Spenderstuten und 42 Zyklen bei Empfängerstuten durch PG-F2α, induziert, die in 18 Gruppen zusammengefaβt worden waren. In 68 von 74 Fällen (92%) wurde eine Rosse ausgelöst, die in 64 Fällen mit einer klinisch feststellbaren Ovulation verbunden war. Der durchschnittliche Abstand zwischen Injektion und Ovulation betrug 10 ±1,9 Tage mit einer maximalen Streuung von 7 bis 17 Tagen. Bei 28 Uterusspülungen wurden insgesamt 21 Embyonen gewonnen (Embryogewinnungsrate 75%). In 15 Fällen konnte der Embryo auf einen zyklus-synchronisierten Rezipienten (Bereich + 2 bis - 3 Tage) über-tragen werden, zweimal muβte eine - 4 Tage asynchrone Stute benutzt werden. In 2 Fällen lagen die synchronisierten Stuten weit auβerhalb des Synchronbereiches. Der Transfer erfolgte auf zufällig synchrone Stuten. Die insgesamt 19 transcervicalen Transfers, die mit dem Implantationsgerät “Modell Hannover” durchgeführt wurden, resultierten in 8 Trächtigkeiten (42%). Die Bereitstellung eines zyklussynchronen Rezipienten für einen Embryo-Transfer ist mit akzeptabler Sicherheit zu erwarten, wenn mindestens 3 Empfängerstuten pro Spenderstute vorbereitet werden. Bei einem derartigen Vorgehen können in Verbindung mit der beschriebenen Transfertechnik gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Contents: Embryo transfer in horses: oestrus synchronization of recipient mares and non-surgical transfer technique Oestrus synchronization and the method of transfer are of major interest among the various factors which are involved in equine embryo transfer. Designated donor and recipient mares were grouped (18 groups) during dioestrus (day 7–13; 1 to 4 mares each) and oestrus synchronization was attempted by simultaneous injection of PG-F2α, A total of 32 and 42 oestrus cycles were induced in donor and recipient mares, respectively. Oestrus behaviour was recorded in 68 mares (68/74; 92%) and ovulation occurred in 64 mares (64/68; 94%). The average interval from injection to ovulation was 10 ± 1.9 days (range 7 to 17 days). 28 mares were flushed non-surgically on day 6, 7 and 8 after ovulation. Of the 21 embryos which were recovered (75%), 15 could be transferred non-surgically to synchronous recipient mares (range + 2/- 3 days). In 6 cases, no recipient mare had ovulated within this range of synchrony. Therefore, 2 embryos had to be transferred to asynchronous mares (- 4 days) and 2 more embryos could be transferred because naturally cycling mares happened to ovulate close to the donor mare. An “embryo transfer gun”, originally designed for cattle (“Modell Hannover”), was used for the non-surgical transfer procedure which resulted in 8 pregnancies out of 19 transfers (42%). The results indicate that a minimum of 3 mares should be synchronized with each donor mare in order to provide at least one synchronous recipient mare with acceptable probability. With the procedure mentioned satisfactory pregnancy rates can be achieved in non-surgical equine embryo transfer. 相似文献
14.
Objective To determine the regional incidence and effectiveness of treatment of failure of passive transfer (FPT) in foals. Design A study of disease incidence. Animals Eighty-eight foals and 57 mares from four studs in the practice area of the Rural Veterinary Centre were tested. Procedure Foals were tested for their serum IgG and total serum protein (TSP) concentration within the first 72 hours of life. Colostrum was collected from mares and specific gravity determined. FPT and partial failure of passive transfer (PFPT) of immunoglobulins was diagnosed when serum IgG concentrations were < 4 g/L and 4 to 8 g/L respectively. Owners of foals diagnosed with FPT were offered treatment with 1 to 2 L plasma (TSP > 70 g/L); 9 (64%) of the affected foals were treated. Results Fourteen foals (16%) had FPT whereas 15 (17%) had PFPT. There were significant differences between the mean TSP concentration in foals with FPT (42.6 ± 4.2 g/L), PFPT (48.1 ± 3.9 g/L) and those acquiring adequate passive immunity (58.9 ± 5.5 g/L) (P < 0.01). Sixteen (29%) mares had pre-suck colostral specific gravity < 1.060 and 12 (71%) foals raised by these mares had FPT or PFPT. The incidence of severe disease (categorised by a sepsis score > 11, positive culture of bacteria from blood or disease requiring hospitalisation) in all foals in the first 2 months of life was 10%. However, none of the nine foals with FPT that received plasma experienced severe disease. In contrast, foals with PFPT had an increased susceptibility to severe disease (P < 0.001) when compared with normal foals. Conclusion Treatment of foals with FPT may reduce the subsequent incidence of severe disease. Pre-suck colostral specific gravity and foal TSP may be used to predict the likelihood of FPT and PFPT. Even though the number of foals studied is small the results highlight the importance of optimal management practices in reducing the incidence of FPT and disease associated with this process. 相似文献
15.
Equine babesiosis, a tick transmitted haemoprotozoan disease caused by Theileria equi is globally distributed and responsible for heavy economic losses to the equine husbandry. Equids reared in endemic areas usually pick up infection at an early age and become immune tolerant throughout their life span. We studied the level of passively transferred antibodies in neonate foals born from pre-immuned mares. Latently T. equi infected pre-immuned pony and donkey mares (three each) were selected and T. equi antibody titres in neonates was monitored till 90 days post foaling (DPF) by applying Dot-ELISA on sequentially collected serum samples from foals and their dams. A very high antibody titre was observed in pre-immuned pony and donkey mares. The maximum antibody of 1:60 to 1:80 was observed in pony's and donkey's foal on 2–16 and 2–10 DPF, respectively and thereafter it declined to less than 1:20 on 63–77 and 56–63 DPF. Simultaneously parasite carrying status in neonate foals and their dam was also monitored by applying PCR on blood samples. We could demonstrate PCR amplification in dam's blood samples while no amplification was recorded in neonate's blood samples. This study indicated that new-born foals were born naïve and passively transferred immunity was transitory which wanes after 63–77 DPF. 相似文献
16.
Gestational Length and First Postpartum Ovulation of Criollo Mares on a Stud Farm in Southern Brazil
G.H.Z. Winter M.I.B. Rubin F.D. De La Corte C.A.M. Silva 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(12):531-534
The Criollo horse industry requires more efforts toward a better understanding of breed characteristics and physiology; few studies have been conducted in Criollo horses to fulfill this demand. Toward this aim, 70 Criollo mares (between 3 and 28 years of age) underwent physiologic evaluation of the length of gestation, occurrence of foal heat, and interval to postpartum ovulation. Gestation length in the 70 mares was 335.6 ± 10.5 days, varying from 312 to 364 days. The mean (±SD) interval from parturition to first ovulation of 42 mares that foaled between September and December of 2005 and 2006 was 19.9 ± 14.0 days. Eighty-three percent of the mares had an interval to foal heat ovulation shorter than 20 days (35/42). The mean (±SD) parturition to ovulation interval of these mares was 14.2 ± 3.0 days. 相似文献
17.
Arnold CE Payne M Thompson JA Slovis NM Bain FT 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(9):1345-1351
OBJECTIVE: To determine signalment, physical examination and clinicopathologic abnormalities, outcome, and subsequent fertility of mares with periparturient hemorrhage (PPH) and identify factors associated with outcome (ie, survival vs death). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 73 mares. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed for information on age, breed, initial complaint, physical examination and clinicopathologic abnormalities, treatment, outcome, and subsequent fertility. RESULTS: Median age was 14.0 years (range, 5 to 24 years), and median number of foals produced prior to the diagnosis of PPH was 8 (range, 1 to 16). Ten (14%) mares had prepartum hemorrhage and 63 (86%) had postpartum hemorrhage. Treatment was aimed at restoring cardiovascular volume, enhancing coagulation, controlling pain, and reducing the effects of endotoxemia. Sixty-one (84%) mares survived and 12 (16%) died or were euthanized. Common complications included fever, leukopenia, retained fetal membranes, increased digital pulses, thrombophlebitis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Of the 53 surviving mares for which subsequent breeding information was available, 26 (49%) produced 1 or more foals after recovering from PPH. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that PPH can develop in mares of any age and parity. Treatment was associated with a good prognosis for survival and a reasonable prognosis for future fertility. 相似文献
18.
A.O. McKinnon BVSc MSc E.M. Carnevale DVM E.L. Squires PhD J.L. Voss DVM MS G.E. Seidel Jr. PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1988,8(2)
Forty-five in vivo matured equine oocytes were recovered from 63 follicular aspiration attempts (71.4%). HCG did not improve recovery rate (65% — 24/37 for treated vs 81% — 21/26 for nontreated mares). Fifteen oocytes were transferred into the oviduct of inseminated recipient mares (heterogenous fertilization) and 15 oocytes plus equine spermatozoa were transferred into rabbit oviducts (xenogenous fertilization). Ten oocytes (3 fertilized) were recovered from recipient mare oviducts following removal and flushing two days after transfer. Eight oocytes (nonfertilized) were recovered from rabbit oviducts. Oviductal transfer into separate recipient mares of three embryos produced from heterogenous fertilization resulted in two pregnancies. One mare produced a normal live foal and the other mare aborted at 20 days of gestation. Results from these studies suggest that: 1) a reliable method for collection of in vivo matured oocytes has been established, and 2) heterogenous fertilization is a technique that with refinement should be immediately applicable to obtain foals from valuable infertile mares that fail to get pregnant or produce embryos by standard methods. 相似文献
19.
Prostaglandin F2α and its analogues (PGF) are widely used in equine reproductive practice. The interval from PGF treatment to ovulation (ITO) varies greatly with a range from 2 to 16 days. Clinical observation suggests that mares mated and ovulated soon after PGF treatment may have poor fertility. Reproductive records of 329 cyclic Thoroughbred mares were analysed retrospectively. The following parameters were analysed: (i) use of cloprostenol; (ii) ITO and (iii) number of ovulations per cycle. According to these parameters, mares were classified into four groups. (i) mares with spontaneous ovulations, n = 57; (ii) mares induced with cloprostenol and ITO = 4–7 days, n = 77; (iii) ITO = 8–10 days, n = 89 and (iv) ITO = ≥11 days, n = 106. Differences in pregnancy (PR) and multiple ovulation (MO) rates among groups were tested using chi‐squared test. PR rates for groups 1–4 were: 73.7%, 46.7%, 64% and 71.7% respectively (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 2 had lower (p < 0.05) MO rate (24.6% and 20.8%) than groups 3 and 4 (40.4% and 44.3%). It appears that ovulation soon after PGF‐induced luteolysis is detrimental to PR rates. It was found highly significant that in cloprostenol‐treated mares, the MO rate was enhanced without subsequent increase in multiple pregnancies. 相似文献
20.
Sirois J Betteridge KJ Brault A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(12):750-753
Embryo transfer was used in an equestrian teaching center in order to produce as many foals as possible from their preferred mares during a single breeding season. Embryo collection by uterine lavage was attempted in five donor mares on 25 occasions 6.5 days after ovulation. Sixteen of the collection attempts (64%) yielded a total of 17 blastocysts. Of these 17 embryos, 13 were immediately transferred transcervically into recipient mares that had ovulated within two days of the time of ovulation in the donors, three were frozen for later transfer, and one was lost. Eight of the freshly transferred embryos (61%) developed and were detected on ultrasonography on day 11.5; five of these continued to develop normally and gave rise to healthy foals (38%), but three were lost at 14.5, 22.5 and 24.5 days gestation. Two of the frozen embryos were judged viable when thawed the following year and produced one additional pregnancy after transcervical transfer. Thus the five donor mares have produced five foals and a sixth 90-day pregnancy1 with only a three-month interruption of their use for competition and teaching.
1While this paper was in press, the sixth pregnancy also terminated in the production of a healthy foal.
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