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1.

Introduction

To determine the biologic variability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).

Animals

Thirty-eight privately owned dogs: 28 with MMVD and 10 healthy controls.

Materials and methods

Prospective clinical study with comprehensive evaluation used to group dogs as healthy or into three stages of MMVD based on current guidelines. NTproBNP was measured hourly, daily, and weekly. For each group, analytical (CVA), within-subject (CVI), and between-subject (CVG) coefficients of variability were calculated in addition to percent critical change value (CCV) and index of individuality (IoI).

Results

For healthy dogs, calculated NTproBNP values were: CVA = 4.2%; CVI = 25.2%; CVG = 49.3%; IoI = 0.52, and CCV = 70.8%. For dogs with MMVD, calculated NTproBNP values were: CVA = 6.2%; CVI = 20.0%; CVG = 61.3%; IoI = 0.34, and CCV = 58.2%.

Conclusions

Biologic variability affects NTproBNP concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD. Monitoring serial individual changes in NTproBNP may be clinically relevant in addition to using population-based reference ranges to determine changes in disease status.  相似文献   

2.
Background: The diagnosis of canine pancreatitis is challenging. Clinical presentation often includes nonspecific clinical signs, such as vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal discomfort. Increased serum lipase activity can be indicative of pancreatitis; however, it can also be increased with other conditions. An immunoassay for measurement of canine pancreas‐specific lipase in canine serum that would be suitable for commercial application and provide rapid results would be beneficial. Objective: The goal of this study was to validate the Spec cPL assay, a commercially available ELISA for the quantitative measurement of canine pancreas‐specific lipase. Methods: Dynamic range, dilutional linearity, precision, interfering substances, assay stability, and reproducibility were investigated for analytical validation. The method was compared with the reference assay, canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI), and included evaluation of a sample population of dogs and bias. Results: Analytical validation showed a dynamic range of 36–954 μg/L; good precision (intra‐ and interassay coefficient of variation <12%); absence of interference from lipid, hemoglobin, or bilirubin; 12‐month kit stability; and good reproducibility. Method comparison showed a positive bias relative to the cPLI reference method; however, the bias can be accommodated by adjustment of decision limits. The upper limit of the reference interval for Spec cPL was determined to be 216 μg/L based on the upper 97.5th percentile of results from 93 clinically healthy, kennel‐housed dogs. Conclusions: Validation data demonstrated that the Spec cPL assay provides reproducible results for canine pancreas‐specific lipase. A readily available assay for measurement of this enzyme allows broader clinical utilization of this analytical tool, generating timely results to aid in the diagnosis of canine pancreatitis.  相似文献   

3.
Kinetic parameter variability may be sensitive to kinetic model choice, kinetic model implementation or patient‐specific effects. The purpose of this study was to assess their impact on the variability of dynamic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (DCE‐CT) kinetic parameters. A total of 11 canine patients with sinonasal tumours received high signal‐to‐noise ratio, test‐double retest DCE‐CT scans. The variability for three distributed parameter (DP)‐based models was assessed by analysis of variance. Mixed‐effects modelling evaluated patient‐specific effects. Inter‐model variability (CVinter) was comparable to or lower than intra‐model variability (CVintra) for blood flow (CVinter:[4–28%], CVintra:[28–31%]), fractional vascular volume (CVinter:[3–17%], CVintra:[16–19%]) and permeability‐surface area product (CVinter:[5–12%], CVintra:[14–15%]). The kinetic models were significantly (P<0.05) impacted by patient characteristics for patient size, area underneath the curve of the artery and of the tumour. In conclusion, DP‐based models demonstrated good agreement with similar differences between models and scans. However, high variability in the kinetic parameters and their sensitivity to patient size may limit certain quantitative applications.  相似文献   

4.
The clinical presentations of both liver disease and pancreatitis are nonspecific and overlapping, which may cause difficulty in diagnosis. In our retrospective pilot study, we assessed whether dogs with evidence of portal hypertension and absence of pancreatitis on pancreatic histology have increases in canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) and 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase. We included dogs that had been presented between 2008 and 2019 if they had normal pancreatic histology, histologically confirmed hepatopathy, and if canine pancreas-specific lipase (Spec cPL; Idexx) or DGGR lipase had been measured. Only dogs with portal hypertension were included. Six dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four of 6 and 2 of 6 dogs had Spec cPL and DGGR lipase exceeding the upper reference limit, respectively. From the 4 dogs with increased Spec cPL, 2 had concentrations of 200–400 µg/L and 2 had concentrations ≥ 400 µg/L. Our results suggest that canine portal hypertension might lead to increased Spec cPL and DGGR lipase values in the absence of pancreatitis on histology. Until more evidence in a larger number of dogs with portal hypertension is available, both tests should be interpreted cautiously in the presence of portal hypertension.  相似文献   

5.
The diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats can be challenging. Several diagnostic tests have been evaluated over the years, but the majority have been shown to be of limited utility owing to poor performance or limited availability or because invasive procedures are required. Assays for the measurement of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI for dogs and fPLI for cats) were first developed over a decade ago and now include Spec cPL and SNAP cPL for dogs and Spec fPL and SNAP fPL for cats. Owing to their high sensitivity and specificity for pancreatitis compared with those of other serum tests, concentrations of cPLI and fPLI have been demonstrated to be the serum tests of choice for evaluation of dogs and cats, respectively, suspected of having pancreatitis. False-positive and false-negative results can occur, and recognition of the limitations of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity assays is important. As there is currently no gold standard for antemortem diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats, the combination of a complete history and physical examination, measurement of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, and ultrasonographic examination of the pancreas is the best approach for an accurate noninvasive diagnosis of pancreatitis.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measuring canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) in serum obtained from dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Serum samples from 47 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) was purified from pancreatic specimens of dogs. Antibodies against cPL were raised in rabbits and purified by use of affinity chromatography. A tracer was produced by iodination of cPL with 125I. An RIA was established and validated by determination of sensitivity, working range, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, and intra- and interassay variability. A reference range for cPLI in serum was established by use of the central 95th percentile for samples obtained from 47 healthy dogs. RESULTS: Sensitivity and upper limit of the working range were 0.88 and 863 microg/L, respectively. Observed-to-expected ratios for serial dilutions ranged from 84.9 to 116.5% for 4 samples. Observed-to-expected ratios for spiking recovery ranged from 82.8 to 128.6% for 4 samples. Coefficients of variation for intra-assay variability for 4 serum samples were 18.3, 4.2, 3.5, and 8.9%, whereas interassay coefficients of variation were 29.2, 6.2, 3.9, and 4.4%, respectively. The reference range was 4.4 to 276.1 microg/L. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We conclude that the RIA described is sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible, with limited accuracy in the high end of the working range and limited precision and reproducibility in the low end of the working range. Additional studies are needed to evaluate whether this degree of accuracy, precision, and reproducibility will negatively impact clinical use of this assay.  相似文献   

7.
The carbon dioxide released and dissolved in rumen fluid may easily permeate across the epithelial cell membrane. Thus, we hypothesized that CO2 may act as proton carrier and induce epithelial damage under acidotic conditions. Ovine ruminal epithelia were mounted in Ussing chambers under short‐circuit conditions. The serosal buffer solution had a constant pH of 7.4 and was gassed either with 100% oxygen or with carbogen (95% O2/5% CO2). The mucosal solution was gassed with either 100% oxygen or 100% carbon dioxide. The mucosal pH was lowered stepwise from 6.6 to 5.0 in the presence or absence of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA). The transepithelial conductance (Gt) as an indicator of epithelial integrity and the short‐circuit current (Isc) as an indicator of active electrogenic ion transfer were continuously monitored. At an initial mucosal pH of 6.6, there was no significant difference in Gt between the treatment groups. In the absence of both SCFA and CO2, Gt remained constant when the mucosal solution was acidified to pH 5.0. In the presence of SCFA, mucosal acidification induced a significant rise in Gt when the solutions were gassed with oxygen. A small increase in Gt was observed in the mucosal presence of CO2. However, no difference in final Gt was observed between SCFA‐containing and SCFA‐free conditions under carbon dioxide gassing during stepwise mucosal acidification. The SCFA+proton‐induced increase in Gt could also be minimized by serosal gassing with carbogen. Because of the SCFA+proton‐induced changes in Gt and their attenuation by CO2, a protective role for mucosally available carbon dioxide may be assumed. We suggest that this effect may be due to the intraepithelial conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. However, the serosal presence of CO2 at a physiological concentration may be sufficient to protect the epithelia from SCFA+proton‐induced damage for a certain period of time.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Microalbuminuria and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are predictors of morbidity and survival in critically ill human patients. Hypothesis/Objectives: To evaluate results of microalbuminuria assays (untimed single‐sample urine albumin concentration [U‐ALB] and the urine albumin : creatinine ratio [UACR]), serum CRP, and survival predictor index (SPI2) scores as predictors of survival in critically ill dogs. Animals: Seventy‐eight dogs admitted to intensive care units at University of Tennessee (UT) and Colorado State University (CSU). Methods: Prospective observational study. Critically ill dogs were eligible for enrollment, unless euthanized because of financial constraints. Samples were collected within 3 hours of admission. Spearman's rank‐correlation coefficients were determined for U‐ALB, UACR, CRP, and SPI2. U‐ALB, UACR, CRP, and SPI2 were assessed for associations with 7‐ and 30‐day survival by Mann‐Whitney U‐tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. P‐values < .0125 were considered significant. Results: UT (n = 49) and CSU (n = 29) patients did not differ significantly. Forty percent (31/78) of dogs died. SPI2 was inversely correlated with U‐ALB (rs=?0.39, P < .001) and UACR (rs=?0.41, P < .001). CRP was not correlated with SPI2 (P= .019), U‐ALB (P > .1), or UACR (P > .1). U‐ALB and UACR had very high correlation (rs= 0.95, P < .001). SPI2, U‐ALB, and UACR differed significantly for survivors and nonsurvivors. SPI2, U‐ALB, and UACR had areas under the ROC curve (AUC) from 0.68 to 0.74 for survival prediction. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Albuminuria and SPI2, but not CRP, are associated with survival in critically ill dogs. Suboptimal AUCs limit the value of microalbuminuria testing for clinical risk assessment. Additional studies are necessary to determine the usefulness of microalbuminuria testing in patient risk stratification for prospective research.  相似文献   

9.
Recently, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) in serum was developed and validated. However, RIAs require frequent use of radioactive materials. Therefore, the goal of this project was to develop and validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cPLI. After purifying cPL, we developed and purified antiserum against cPL in rabbits. The purified antibody was bound to microtitre plates and used to capture antigen. A portion of the purified antibody was biotinylated and used to identify the captured antigen. Streptavidin labelled with horseradish peroxidase and a horseradish peroxidase substrate were used for detection. The assay was validated by determination of sensitivity, working range, linearity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. The reference interval for serum cPLI was determined by the central 95th percentile in 74 clinically healthy dogs: 2.2 to 102.1 μg/L. The sensitivity and the upper limit of the working range were 0.1 and 999.2 μg/L, respectively. The ratios of observed to expected values for dilutional parallelism for 6 serum samples ranged from 0.0 to 148.8%; the ratios for spiking recovery for 4 serum samples ranged from 90.4 to 112.6%, assuming 55% recovery of the cPL. Coefficients of variation for intra- and interassay variability for 6 different serum samples were 2.4, 3.4, 4.1, 5.8, 7.4, and 10.0% and 5.9, 7.7, 11.6, 13.9, 23.5, and 46.2%, respectively. We conclude that the ELISA described here is sufficiently sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible for clinical application. Evaluation of its clinical usefulness for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic disorders in dogs is under way.  相似文献   

10.
Objective: To determine the effect of bilateral nasal oxygen supplementation on tracheal airway and arterial blood gas parameters. Design: Original research. Setting: Research Laboratory. Animals: Eight normal dogs. Interventions: None. Measurements: Intra‐tracheal oxygen concentration and arterial oxygen partial pressure at three different oxygen flow rates given through either unilateral or bilateral nasal catheters. Main results: FIO2 and PaO2 were significantly increased with higher total oxygen flow rates, but the increase was the same whether the higher flow was delivered through one nasal catheter or divided and administered though two nasal catheters. The use of bilateral nasal catheters allowed a tracheal FIO2 as high as 0.60 with minimal patient discomfort. Conclusions: The benefit of bilateral nasal catheters for oxygen supplementation is the ability to provide high total oxygen flows with decreased risk of patient discomfort. If the desired oxygen flow can be achieved with a unilateral nasal catheter, then the only benefit of bilateral catheters is increased patient comfort. The use of bilateral nasal oxygen catheters for oxygen supplementation can result in an FIO2 that is high enough to produce oxygen toxicity with prolonged administration.  相似文献   

11.
Canine pyometra is a dioestrus period disease in which systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common outcome due to the response of the body to the bacterial infection. The purpose of this study was i) to differentiate canine pyometra and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)/mucometra by measuring serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) and prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM) concentrations in blood and ii) to compare serum concentrations of CRP and PGFM in bitches with a pathological uterus (pyometra or CEH/mucometra) to concentrations in bitches with a healthy uterus. Mean CRP concentrations were found significantly higher (p < 0.001) in dogs with pyometra compared to those with CEH/mucometra or healthy uterus. However, no statistical difference could be detected between the groups for mean PGFM concentrations. Mean white blood cell count (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein concentrations were found significantly higher (p < 0.001) in dogs with pyometra. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism from dogs with pyometra (64.3%). Edwardsiella spp. was detected in a single case of pyometra for the first time. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that serum CRP concentrations were increased in dogs with pyometra and thus we conclude that serum CRP concentration but not PGFM might be useful as a marker to differentiate a case of CEH/mucometra from pyometra in female dogs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in which Edwardsiella spp. has been isolated in the canine uterus.  相似文献   

12.
Background: In veterinary medicine, there is increasing interest in measuring C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a tool for diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory diseases. Reported CRP concentrations for healthy dogs have ranged from 0 to 8.9 mg/L. Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate a canine‐specific point‐of‐care (POC) lateral flow immunoassay for qualitative CRP measurement in healthy and diseased dogs and to compare results with those obtained by a quantitative ELISA. Methods: Blood samples from 73 client‐owned dogs were available for testing: 16 healthy dogs and 57 dogs with a variety of infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases. CRP was measured in heparinized whole blood samples and serum with the TECOmedical Dog CRP‐visual POC test. A red line develops in the POC device if CRP is ≥5 mg/L, and results are scored as negative or positive. An ELISA validated previously for canine serum was used as the reference method. Results: For all dogs, serum CRP concentrations measured by the ELISA ranged from 0.1 to ≥350 mg/L (median=38 mg/L). Percentages of the CRP POC test results that agreed with the ELISA results were 98.6% for whole blood and 97.3% for serum samples. For serum samples, sensitivity of the POC test was 96.4% and specificity was 81.3%. For whole blood, sensitivity was 94.7% and specificity was 93.8%. Conclusions: The POC test had very good agreement with the ELISA test and had high sensitivity and specificity; therefore, it can be used as a qualitative test to screen for increases in CRP concentrations.  相似文献   

13.

Background

Specificity of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) assays in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is unknown.

Hypothesis

Results of cPLI assays differ for clinically healthy dogs and dogs with HAC.

Animals

Seventeen healthy dogs and 20 dogs with HAC diagnosed by ACTH stimulation test results without evidence of clinical pancreatitis.

Methods

Dogs were enrolled between December 2009 and November 2010. Serum cPLI concentrations were determined by quantitative (Spec cPL test, SPEC) and semiquantitative (SNAP cPL test, SNAP) assays. Results were categorized as normal, equivocal, or abnormal (SPEC) or negative or positive (SNAP). Associations between group and cPLI were assessed using Fisher''s exact test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (ρ) were determined for SNAP and SPEC results. Significance was set at P < .05.

Results

Spec cPL test concentrations were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with HAC (491.1 μg/L) than in healthy dogs (75.2 μg/L), with more abnormal SPEC results in HAC dogs (P < .001). There were more (P = .002) positive SNAP results in dogs with HAC (55%) than in healthy dogs (6%). SNAP and SPEC results were highly correlated (ρ = 0.85; P < .001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Dogs with HAC had higher SPEC concentrations and more positive SNAP results than clinically healthy dogs with normal ACTH stimulation test results. Specificity of SPEC and SNAP assays in HAC dogs without clinical pancreatitis were 65 and 45%, respectively. Pending further study, SNAP and SPEC results should be interpreted cautiously in dogs with HAC to avoid false diagnosis of concurrent pancreatitis.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to characterize the transport mechanisms of electrolytes and nutrients across the jejunum of nine healthy horses electrophysiologically. The stripped mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers and tissue conductances (Gt) and short circuit currents (Isc) were continuously monitored. After blocking the sodium and potassium channels with amiloride, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and barium, chloride secretion was stimulated by carbachol and forskolin. Subsequently, chloride channels were inhibited by 4,4′‐diisothiocyanato‐stilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid, 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid, CFTRinh‐172, N‐(2‐naphtalenyl)‐(3.5‐dibromo‐2.4‐dihydroxyphenyl)methylene glycine hydrazide (GlyH‐101) and glibenclamide and their dose–response effect was investigated. The response to glucose, l ‐alanine and glycyl‐l ‐glutamine was determined at two different mucosal pH values (pH 7.4 and 5.4 respectively). Mean basal Isc was ?0.47 ± 0.31 μEq/cm2h and mean Gt was 22.17 ± 1.78 mS/cm2. Amiloride and TEA did not alter the baseline Isc. Barium, carbachol and forskolin significantly increased Isc. Irrespective of the dose, none of the chloride inhibitors changed Isc. All nutrients induced a significant increase in Isc with the increase being significantly higher at pH 7.4 than at pH 5.4. In conclusion, there is evidence that chloride secretion in horses may be different from respective transport mechanisms in other species. The glucose absorption is suggestive of a sodium‐dependent glucose cotransporter 1. However, a decrease in luminal pH did not stimulate current response to peptides as shown for other mammals.  相似文献   

15.
Background: C‐reactive protein (CRP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are biomarkers of systemic inflammation and cardiac damage, respectively. Objective: To investigate the effects of short‐duration high‐intensity exercise on plasma cTnI and serum CRP concentrations in sprint racing sled dogs. Animals: Twenty‐two Alaskan sled dogs of 2 different teams participating in a 2‐day racing event. Methods: In this prospective field study, cephalic venipuncture was performed on all dogs before racing and immediately after racing on 2 consecutive days. Plasma cTnI and serum CRP concentrations were evaluated at each time point. Results: There was a mild, significant rise (P < .01) in median cTnI concentrations from resting (0.02 ng/mL; 0.0–0.12 ng/mL) on both days after racing (day 1 = 0.06, 0.02–0.2 ng/mL; day 2 = 0.07, 0.02–0.21 ng/mL). Serum CRP concentrations showed a mild significant increase (P < .01) on day 2 after racing mean (9.2 ± 4.6 μg/mL) as compared with resting (6.5 + 4.3 μg/mL) and day 1 after racing (5.0 + 2.9 μg/mL). Neither cTnI or CRP concentrations exceeded the upper reference range for healthy dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Strenuous exercise of short duration did not result in cTnI concentrations above the reference range for healthy dogs. Although increased after 2 days of short‐duration strenuous exercise, CRP did not reach concentrations suggestive of inflammation, as reported previously in the endurance sled dogs. Therefore, we surmise that moderate exercise does not present a confounding variable in the interpretation of cTnI and CRP concentrations in normal dogs.  相似文献   

16.
Hayashi  S.  Jinbo  T.  Iguchi  K.  Shimizu  M.  Shimada  T.  Nomura  M.  Ishida  Y.  Yamamoto  S. 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(2):117-120
The concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were evaluated in 1-, 3- and 18-month-old dogs (four of each age) that had been inoculated with turpentine oil. The CRP and AAG in 3-month-old and younger dogs subjected to surgery or inoculated with either Staphylococcus aureus or a viral vaccine were also evaluated. The average CRP concentration in the sera peaked 2 days after inoculation of turpentine oil. The peak CRP concentrations in 3- and 18-month-old dogs were significantly (p<0.05) greater than those in 1-month-old dogs. The average AAG concentration in the sera peaked 4 days after inoculation of turpentine oil. No significant difference was found in AAG concentrations between any of the age groups. When experimentally inoculated with S. aureus or subjected to oophorohysterectomy, the CRP and AAG concentrations increased in 3-month-old dogs, but they increased little in 1-month-old dogs. The CRP and AAG in dogs inoculated with the viral vaccine did not increase. In dogs with fractures or subjected to percutaneous gastrostomy, the CRP and AAG concentrations correlated with the condition of dogs.  相似文献   

17.

Background

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction independently predicts outcomes in human myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). There is limited information regarding RV systolic function in dogs with MMVD.

Hypothesis

Right ventricular systolic function differs among stages of disease, decreasing in decompensated MMVD.

Animals

Thirty‐sixclient‐owned dogs with MMVD not receiving oral cardiovascular medications.

Methods

Prospective clinical study. Dogs were categorized according to disease severity as ACVIM Stage B1, B2, or C. Seven echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function were measured. Groups were compared by 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Frequencies of cases with cardiac remodeling falling outside previously established reference intervals were compared using Fisher's exact test. Intra‐ and interobserver measurement variability was calculated for each RV function index.

Results

The indices TAPSE (P = 0.029), RV StL (P = 0.012), and RV StRL (P = 0.041) were significantly different between groups. A greater proportion of B2 dogs (7 of 12) had TAPSE values above reference intervals compared with B1 (2 of 12) or C (2 of 12) dogs (P = 0.027). Measurement variability of TAPSE, RV S', and RV StG was clinically acceptable.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Right ventricular systolic function differs between stages of MMVD, increasing in stage B2, and declining in stage C. The prognostic importance of RV function indices, particularly TAPSE, might be worth evaluating in dogs with MMVD.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Although prednisone and metronidazole are commonly used to treat canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), no randomized‐controlled trials have been performed. Hypothesis: Combination drug therapy with prednisone and metronidazole will be more effective than prednisone alone for treatment of canine IBD. Reduction in disease severity will be accompanied by decreased canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI) scores and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Animals: Fifty‐four pet dogs diagnosed with IBD of varying severity. Methods: Dogs were randomized to receive oral prednisone (1 mg/kg; n = 25) or prednisone and metronidazole (10 mg/kg; n = 29) twice daily for 21 days. Clinical (CIBDAI) scores and serum CRP were determined at diagnosis and after 21 days of drug therapy. The primary efficacy measure was remission at 21 days, defined as a 75% or greater reduction in baseline CIBDAI score. Results: Differences between treatments in the rate of remission (both exceeding 80%) or the magnitude of its change over time were not observed. CRP concentrations in prednisone‐treated dogs were increased because of many dogs having active disease. Both treatments reduced CRP in comparison with pretreatment concentrations. An interaction between CIBDAI and CRP was identified in 42 of 54 dogs (78%), whereas 8 of 54 dogs (15%) showed disagreement between these indices. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Prednisone is as effective as combined treatment with prednisone and metronidazole for induction therapy of canine IBD. CRP may be normal or increased in dogs with IBD and may be useful in assessing the response of individual dogs to treatment along with changes in the CIBDAI.  相似文献   

19.
Summary

The kinetics of unconjugated 3H‐bilirubin are described in 25 healthy dogs and 35 dogs with spontaneous hepatobiliary or haemolytic disease, using a two‐compartment model. The bilirubin production rates from erythrocyte degradation (PE), ineffective erythropoiesis (PI) and catabolism of hepatic haemoproteins (PI), were derived from the incorporation of 14C‐glycine into haemoglobin and stercobilin. These combined measurements permitted an integral survey of bilirubin metabolism in health and disease. The concentration of unconjugated bilirubin in plasma and its of total bilirubin levels were similar in hepatic and haemolytic disorders.

This was explained by the highly increased bilirubin production rates in both types of disease. In addition, the hepatic bilirubin clearance was severely impaired in fulminant hepatitis and in cirrhosis, and moderately decreased in the other hepatobiliary diseases and in primary haemolysis. The erythrocyte lifespan was reduced in all animals but one. In addition to haemolysis, the contribution of PI and PL was variable, and in two dogs PL was the principle source of highly increased bilirubin production rates. These data indicate that the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin in plasma or its fraction of total pigments is unreliable in the discrimination of canine hepatobiliary disease from haemolytic disorders.  相似文献   

20.
C-reactive protein concentrations in canine acute pancreatitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Objective: To determine if C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration is elevated in spontaneously occurring canine acute pancreatitis (AP), and to measure changes in CRP during the course of hospitalization. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine Foster Hospital for Small Animals. Animals: Sixteen client‐owned dogs with AP and 16 healthy controls. Interventions: Blood samples were obtained from the AP group on the day of diagnosis (Day 1), and on Days 3 and 5, unless the dog died or was discharged from the hospital. Blood was obtained from the control dogs once. Measurements and main results: Serum CRP was measured using a commercial immunoassay for each dog with AP and for healthy controls. Day 1 CRP concentrations were significantly higher in the AP group (56.1±12.7 μg/mL) compared with controls (2.8±1.3 μg/mL; P<0.001). For the 7 dogs that had samples collected on all 3 days, the mean CRP concentrations decreased significantly (P=0.043) over the 5 days of measurement. Of the 16 dogs with AP, 14 were discharged from the hospital and 2 were euthanized. Conclusions: Serum CRP concentrations were elevated in this group of 16 dogs with spontaneously occurring AP. In the 7 dogs that had measurements on all 3 days, the mean CRP concentration decreased from the day of diagnosis to the measurement made 5 days later.  相似文献   

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