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1.
Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 50 dogs and excluded in 86 dogs suspected of hypothyroidism, on the basis of the results of bovine thyrotropin response tests. Breed, pedigree, sex or neutering status did not significantly influence the likelihood of the dogs being hypothyroid. The hypothyroid dogs were significantly older than the non-hypothyroid dogs referred to the University of Glasgow during the same period. However, when dogs under two years of age were excluded from the statistical analyses there was no significant difference in age between the two groups. The most common clinical characteristics associated with hypothyroidism were metabolic signs (84 per cent of cases), particularly lethargy (76 per cent), obesity or weight gain (44 per cent), and exercise intolerance (24 per cent); and dermatological abnormalities (80 per cent), including alopecia (56 per cent), poor coat quality (30 per cent) and hyperpigmentation (20 per cent). When compared with the laboratory reference limits the most common biochemical and haematological abnormalities were increased concentrations of triglycerides (88 per cent), cholesterol (78 per cent), glucose (49 per cent), and fructosamine (43 per cent), and increased activities of creatine kinase (35 per cent), and decreased concentrations of inorganic phosphate (63 per cent), and a low red blood cell count (40 per cent). When compared with reference limits derived from the euthyroid dogs the most common abnormalities were increased concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (21 per cent), cholesterol (18 per cent), and aspartate aminotransferase (15 per cent) and a decreased red blood cell count (29 per cent), and decreased neutrophils (18 per cent) and decreased activity of creatine kinase (15 per cent). Assessment of cholesterol, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and red blood cell and neutrophil counts may be particularly useful in distinguishing hypothyroid dogs from euthyroid animals with similar clinical signs.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical features of brachycephalic airway obstructive disease in dogs, the incidence of laryngeal collapse in dogs presenting for surgery and the outcome after surgery in dogs with laryngeal collapse. METHODS: Basic clinical details were reviewed retrospectively in 73 dogs. Presence of laryngeal collapse and short-term outcomes after surgery were determined for 64 dogs with complete medical records. Long-term outcomes were reviewed for 46 dogs by telephone survey between 19 and 77 months following surgery. RESULTS: Stenotic nares were present in 31 dogs (42.5 per cent), elongated soft palate in 63 (86.3 per cent) and everted laryngeal saccules in 43 (58.9 per cent). The most common breeds were the pug (19 dogs, 26 per cent), Cavalier King Charles spaniel (15 dogs, 20.5 per cent), British bulldog (14 dogs, 19.2 per cent) and Staffordshire bull terrier (4 dogs, 5.5 per cent). Laryngeal collapse was present in 34 of 64 (53 per cent) dogs. No dogs died perioperatively and only one dog was euthanased as a result of its respiratory disease three years after surgery. Telephone interviews indicated that 26 dogs (56.5 per cent) were much improved after surgery, 15 (32.6 per cent) had some improvement and 5 (10.9 per cent) showed no improvement. Signs that persisted after surgery were snoring during sleep (34 dogs, 73.9 per cent), stertor/stridor while conscious (23 dogs, 50 per cent), excessive panting (13 dogs, 28.3 per cent) and dyspnoea (10 dogs, 21.7 per cent). Long-term outcome was considered good, even in dogs with laryngeal collapse. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Laryngeal collapse is relatively common in dogs presented for surgical correction of brachycephalic airway obstructive disease. Dogs with severe laryngeal collapse often respond well to surgery. Clinical signs rarely resolve completely following surgery.  相似文献   

3.
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in 18 dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Eighteen dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis were presented to the University of Queensland Small Animal Clinic (UQSAC) over a three-year period. Presenting clinical signs included lumbosacral pain (89 per cent), hindlimb paresis and proprioceptive deficits (56 per cent), lameness (49 per cent), flaccid tails (22 per cent), and urinary dysfunction (16 per cent). All 18 dogs were treated by decompressive laminectomy. Two dogs were also treated by a pin fixation-fusion technique. The major compressive lesion was a type II disc protrusion (72 per cent). Seventeen dogs (94 per cent) showed improvement postoperatively with minimal complications. Confirmation of diagnosis is difficult in that many aged dogs without clinical signs show radiographic signs compatible with stenosis.  相似文献   

4.
One hundred and nine dogs were diagnosed as having been poisoned by viper (Vipera xanthina palestinae) venom between 1989 and 1996. Most of the cases occurred between April and September (86.2 per cent), with peaks in May (25.7 per cent) and July (20.2 per cent), and very few between November and February (3.6 per cent). Forty-two per cent of the dogs were poisoned in the evening (18.00 to 22.00), with a relative risk of 6.85, 17.4 per cent between 22.00 and 02.00, and 16.5 per cent between 14.00 and 18.00. The median age of the dogs was three years, and almost 80 per cent of them were from rural households. German shepherd dogs and rottweilers were over-represented (relative risk 1.98 and 1.87 respectively), and mongrel dogs and pinschers were under-represented (relative risk 0.41 and 0.53 respectively). Fifty-six per cent of the bites were on the head (excluding the mouth, lips and pinnae), 16.5 per cent on the front limbs, 9.7 per cent on the mouth and lips, 8 per cent on the hindlimbs, 4.4 per cent were submandibular and 5.4 per cent were at other sites. The main clinical signs were local swelling (98.2 per cent) and oedema (94.5 per cent), panting (45.7 per cent), tachypnoea (42.5 per cent), pain (34.9 per cent), tachycardia (29.8 per cent), lameness (25.7 per cent), and lymphadenomegaly (23.9 per cent). The mortality rate was 3.7 per cent. The most common haematological abnormalities were neutrophilia (67.6 per cent), leucocytosis (54.9 per cent), thrombocytopenia (51.9 per cent), increased haematocrit (47.6 per cent), and a left shift of neutrophils (37.8 per cent). Many biochemical abnormalities were observed, of which the most common were high activities of lactate dehydrogenase (84.6 per cent), creatine kinase (69 per cent), gamma-glutamyltransferase (40 per cent) and aspartate aminotransferase and high concentrations of globulin, phosphate and total bilirubin (33.3 per cent in each case).  相似文献   

5.
Sixty-two dogs with laryngeal paralysis were presented over a three year period. Presenting clinical signs included inspiratory stridor (100 per cent), exercise intolerance or syncopal episodes (81 per cent), loss or alteration in phonation (48 per cent) and coughing or gagging when eating (29 per cent). Causes of the paralysis were determined as traumatic (two dogs), neoplastic (two dogs), iatrogenic (two dogs), congenital (one dog) and idiopathic (55 dogs). Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation was performed in all dogs. The perioperative complication rate was approximately 10 per cent, while the success rate as judged by owners one year postoperatively was greater than 90 per cent. The technique avoided many of the recorded complications of intralaryngeal surgery. Operative times were short and the requirement for postoperative monitoring was minimal. Increasing familiarity with the technique favourably influenced the incidence of complications and the success rate.  相似文献   

6.
Samples of faeces from 57 dogs with acute diarrhoea, 82 dogs with chronic diarrhoea, 34 clinically healthy household dogs and 88 kennelled control dogs were analysed by hybridisation, using DNA probes to detect enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC), verocytotoxin-producing E coli (VTEC), enterohaemorrhagic E coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E coli (EIEC) and enteroaggregative E coli (EAggEC). Samples of duodenal juice from 60 of the 82 dogs with chronic diarrhoea were also examined. Significantly more of the dogs with diarrhoea were excreting EPEC (acute 35.1 per cent, chronic 31.7 per cent) and VTEC (acute 24.6 per cent, chronic 28 per cent) than the kennelled dogs (EPEC 17.1 per cent, VTEC 0 per cent) or the household control dogs (EPEC 6 per cent, VTEC 5.9 per cent). Enteropathic E coli was also detected in the duodenal juice of 23 of 60 (38.3 per cent) of the dogs with chronic diarrhoea. The EPEC attaching and effacing A (eaeA) gene and the verocytotoxin 1 (VR1) gene coding for VTEC were often found together. There was good agreement between in vitro studies and hybridisation for the detection of eaeA and VT1. Isolates from the dogs with diarrhoea adhered significantly more to Hep-2 cells, and VT1-positive strains from the dogs with diarrhoea consistently killed more than 50 per cent of Vero cells.  相似文献   

7.
The morbidity and mortality among 928 dobermann dogs born between 1993 and 1999 were investigated by sending questionnaires to their owners; 340 (37 per cent) responded. Eighty-one of the dogs had died. Proportional mortality was high for heart failure (14.8 to 22.2 per cent), behavioural problems (19.8 per cent) and cancer (13.6 per cent), but low for hepatitis (3.7 per cent) and cervical spondylomyelopathy (2.5 per cent). Of the 259 surviving dogs, 132 were suffering from various disorders, with a high prevalence of skin problems (22.4 per cent) and urinary incontinence (15.8 per cent).  相似文献   

8.
Findings of hepatic ultrasonography were analysed in 22 dogs with liver disease and compared with the results of final morphological diagnoses. Ultrasonographic appearance of the liver demonstrated focal alterations in 11 dogs (50 per cent): multifocal lesions in hepatic neoplasia (six), hepatic cirrhosis (one), generalised mycosis (one) and unifocal lesions in haemangiosarcoma (one), nodular hyperplasia (one) and misdiagnosed intestinal invagination (one), Diffuse ultrasonographic alterations were found in 11 dogs (50 per cent): hyperechoic liver of normal/enlarged size in lymphosarcoma (four) and hepatic lipidosis (two); hyperechoic ‘bright’ but small liver in atrophic cirrhosis (two); hypoechoic to normal intensity liver of normal size in liver dystrophy (two) and hepatic venous distension (one). Gallbladder abnormalities were detected in 14 of 20 dogs (70 per cent). Correct ultrasonographic diagnoses were made in 11 dogs (50 per cent). The best results were achieved by combining the clinicolaboratory and ultrasonographic findings, providing a correct diagnosis in 17 dogs (77-3 per cent).  相似文献   

9.
The results achieved in 18 dogs following the use of frozen bone cortical allografts for limb-sparing resection of non-metastatic canine appendicular osteosarcoma are presented. Three to five cisplatin doses (70 mg/m2) were administered, starting the day after surgery. The mean and median survival times were 478 and 266 days (range 80 to 2,611 days), respectively. The survival rate was 94 per cent at three months, 78 per cent at six months, 35 per cent at 12 months, 23 per cent at 18 months and 19 per cent at 24 months; the disease-free interval was 80 to 1,246 days (mean 365 days, median 266 days). Lung metastasis developed in 55 per cent of the dogs within one year. Complications were observed in 14/18 dogs (78 per cent), comprising local recurrence (28 per cent), allograft infection (39 per cent) and implant failure (11 per cent). Despite complications, limb sparing is a useful alternative to amputation in selected cases of appendicular osteosarcoma.  相似文献   

10.
The histological grade of 340 cutaneous mast cell tumours derived from 280 dogs was determined by an established histological grading system; 87 of the tumours (26 per cent) were well differentiated, 199 (59 per cent) were intermediately differentiated and 54 (16 per cent) were poorly differentiated. The one-year survival rates for the dogs with tumours of these three grades were significantly different (P = 0.0001), being 100 per cent, 92 per cent and 46 per cent, respectively. The median survival time for the dogs with poorly differentiated tumours was 278 days, significantly shorter than that for the dogs with either intermediately or well-differentiated tumours, which were both over 1300 days. Regrowth of the tumours was identified in 10 (19 per cent) of the dogs with poorly differentiated tumours, 12 (6 per cent) of the dogs with intermediately differentiated tumours and one of the dogs with well-differentiated tumours; only three of the tumours which regrew had initially had complete margins. The results suggest that wide surgical margins are not a prerequisite for a successful long-term outcome in dogs with well-differentiated cutaneous mast cell tumours.  相似文献   

11.
The osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes was measured in blood samples collected from randomly selected healthy and infected dogs at a dogs' rescue shelter. The dogs were classified into six groups on the basis of the final diagnoses from clinical, post mortem and laboratory findings. The minimum (less than 5 per cent) and maximum (more than 90 per cent) haemolysis of the erythrocytes of the clinically normal dogs (group 1), occurred in 0·60 per cent and 0·30 per cent solutions of sodium chloride (NaCI). For the non-anaemic hookworm-infected dogs (group 2a) the respective values were 0·8 per cent and 0·4 per cent NaCl, and for the anaemic hookworm-infected dogs (group 2b) they were 0·85 per cent and 0·5 per cent NaCl, respectively. The erythrocytes from dogs with Babesia canis (group 3), concurrent hookworm and B canis (group 4) and Ehrlichia canis infections (group 5) had minimum haemolysis in 0·75 per cent NaCl and maximum haemolysis at between 0·20 per cent and 0·35 per cent NaCI solutions. The derivative fragiligrams for groups 2a, 2b, 3 and 4 were shifted to the left, whereas the fragiligram for group 5 was similar to that for the clinically normal dogs (group 1). The left shift for the hookworm-infected dogs was due to the increased osmotic fragility of a minor sub-population of the erythrocytes, but for the dogs, infected with B canis major sub-populations of the erythrocytes had an increased osmotic fragility.  相似文献   

12.
The prevalence of carriage of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was determined in 183 healthy dogs from a semi-rural community in Cheshire. Isolates were tested against a panel of antimicrobials and by PCR to detect resistance genes. In the suspected ESBL-producing isolates, the presence of bla(SHV), bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M) and bla(AmpC) genes was determined by PCR and sequencing. A total of 53 (29 per cent, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 22.4 to 35.5 per cent) dogs carried at least one AMR E coli isolate. Twenty-four per cent (95 per cent CI 17.9 to 30.2 per cent) of dogs carried isolates resistant to ampicillin, 19.7 per cent (95 per cent CI 13.9 to 25.4 per cent) to tetracycline and 16.9 per cent (95 per cent CI 11.5 to 22.4 per cent) to trimethoprim. A bla(TEM) gene was detected in 39 of 54 ampicillin-resistant isolates, a tet(B) gene in 12 of 45 tetracycline-resistant isolates, and a dfr gene in 22 of 33 trimethoprim-resistant isolates. Multidrug-resistant isolates were demonstrated in 15 per cent (28 of 183; 95 per cent CI 10.1 to 20.5 per cent) of dogs. Nine suspected ESBL-producing E coli were isolated, of which only one was confirmed by double disc diffusion testing. Two of these isolates carried the bla(TEM-1) gene and seven carried the bla(CMY-2) gene.  相似文献   

13.
One hundred and twenty-nine dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism were treated according to a protocol aimed at the complete destruction of the adrenal cortices by the administration of o,p'-DDD (mitotane) at a daily dose of 50 to 75 mg/kg bodyweight for 25 days. On the third day, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid supplementation was begun for the induced adrenocortical insufficiency. The first followup examination after completion of the 25-day course and the subsequent twice-yearly follow-up examinations included physical examination and measurements of plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium to optimise substitution therapy. In 19 dogs the full course of 25 days treatment could not be completed. Of the 110 dogs which received the full course of treatment, the administration had to be stopped temporarily in 32 because of side-effects, such as anorexia and vomiting. The actual dose of o,p'-DDD administered was not significantly different in the dogs with and without these side-effects. Clinical remission occurred in 111 dogs (86 per cent), of which 43 (39 per cent) had a relapse. The estimated one-year disease-free fraction was 77 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI]: 67 to 85 per cent). The estimated one-year survival fraction was 80 per cent (95 per cent CI: 71 to 87 per cent), the two-year survival was 69 per cent (95 per cent CI: 59 to 78 per cent), and the three-year survival was 61 per cent (95 per cent CI: 49 to 71 per cent). The bodyweight and age of the dog, and vomiting occurring during the period of treatment, were positively correlated with the length of the disease-free period, whereas weakness during the treatment and resistance to dexamethasone suppression of the urinary corticoid/creatinine ratios at the start of the treatment were associated with a relatively short survival time.  相似文献   

14.
A survey of helminth parasites in stray dogs was carried out in the Zaria area. Out of 180 dogs examined 65.6 per cent (118/180) were found positive for Ancylostoma caninum, while Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis were detected in 41.1 per cent (74/180) and 13.9 per cent (25/180) respectively. Other helminth parasites found Taenia ovis 35 per cent (63/180) Taenia hydatigena 67.8 per cent (122/180), Echinococcus granulosus 0.006 per cent (1/180) and Dipylidium caninum 97.8 per cent (176/180).  相似文献   

15.
Objectives: To evaluate prevalence of enteric viruses in healthy dogs and to compare it with prevalences in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 200 healthy dogs and examined by electron microscopy for presence of viral particles. Data were compared with viral prevalences that had been determined retrospectively by electron microscopy for 936 dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Results: There were significantly more negative faecal samples among the healthy dogs (82.0 per cent) compared with 55.8 per cent in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.001). With a prevalence of 17.5 per cent, significantly more healthy dogs were shedding coronavirus compared with 11.6 per cent in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P=0.034). Parvovirus was only detected in one healthy dog (0.5 per cent), thus with a prevalence that was significantly lower than 16.0 per cent detected in the dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.001). Paramyxovirus was not found in any of the healthy dogs but was found in 9.3 per cent of dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.001). Clinical Significance: Results suggest that shedding of parvovirus and paramyxovirus is strongly associated with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea. However, coronavirus seems to be even more prevalent among healthy dogs, raising the need for further studies to investigate the strain-associated pathogenicity of this virus.  相似文献   

16.
The analgesic effects of acupuncture were studied in 38 dogs affected by acute thoracolumbar disc disease, type I to IV. Steel acupuncture needles were inserted into selected acupuncture points. Stimulation time was 20 minutes. Electrical stimulation of needles, ear-acupuncture, vitamins B and C and antibiotics were occasionally used in some dogs of types I and II and in the majority of types III and IV. Pain relief was observed in 62.5 per cent of dogs of type I (back-pain), in 70.5 per cent of dogs of type II (hindlimb paresis, backpain) and in 39 per cent of dogs of types III and IV (hindlimb paralysis, backpain) after the first acupuncture treatment. Dogs of type I and II responded significantly better (P<0.01) than dogs of type III and IV at the fourth treatment (100 per cent and 61.5 per cent, respectively).  相似文献   

17.
Retrospective study of congenital heart defects in 151 dogs   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
The case records of 151 dogs diagnosed with congenital heart disease were revlewed retrospectlvely. The most common defect Was aortic stenosls, accounting for 35 per cent of all cases, followed by pulmonic stenosls (20 per cent), ventricular septal defect (12 per cent), patent ductus arterlosus (11 per cent), mltral valve dysplasla (8 per cent), tricuspld valve dysplasla (7 per cent), endocardlal fibroelastosls (1.9 per cent) and tetralogy of Fallot (04 per cent). Fifty-one breeds were represented, with golden retrievers, German shepherd dogs and boxers predominating. No overall sex predilection was obvious. Seventy-five per cent of the dogs were asymptomatic presentation. The defects most often associated with presenting symptoms, such as dyspnoea, syncope, ascltes, fallure to grow and depression, were mltral valve dysplasla, atrial septal defect, tricuspld valve dysplasla and endocardial flbroelastosls. The latter presented with the most severe signs of heart fallure. In some cases of aortic stenosls and pulmonlc stenosls, where the defect could not be accurately visuallsed with two-dimensional echocardlography, Doppler echocardlographic examination was needed for definltive dlagnosls.  相似文献   

18.
This study investigated doxycycline-related side effects in a large population of dogs. Data from 386 dogs that had received doxycycline for the treatment of various infectious diseases were analysed retrospectively. Potential side effects that developed during treatment were documented, and correlations with signalment, dose, duration of treatment, frequency of application, doxycycline preparation and use of additional drugs were investigated. Vomiting was reported in 18.3 per cent of dogs, 7.0 per cent developed diarrhoea and 2.5 per cent developed anorexia. While being treated with doxycycline, 39.4 per cent of dogs showed an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and 36.4 per cent showed an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. There was a dose-related risk of an increase in ALP activity (P=0.011, odds ratio [OR]=1.27, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 1.53), and older dogs treated with doxycycline were more likely to develop an increase in ALT activity (P=0.038, OR=1.23, 95 per cent CI 1.01 to 1.50) and vomiting (P=0.017, OR=1.11, 95 per cent CI 1.02 to 1.21).  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the kind of transport dogs undergo, the behaviours displayed during transport, the prevalence of travel-related problems in dogs and owners' interventions to solve these problems. A convenience sample of 907 dog owners completed a questionnaire containing 16 multiple-choice questions. All dogs had been transported by car at least once, but 4.7 per cent were no longer transported. 76.2 per cent of animals always responded positively to car transport, the rest showing or having shown problems (6.7 per cent always reacted negatively). Dogs were found to be more excited than inhibited during car transport. The vast majority (86.0 per cent) had become used to travelling by car as puppies; this made them less likely to develop problems (6.3 per cent v 24.1 per cent; χ(2)=19.886, P=0.000). If dogs were transported only to veterinary clinics, they were more prone to respond negatively to car transport (46.4 per cent v 22.7 per cent; χ(2)=7.245, P=0.007). For dogs reported as problematic (23.8 per cent of the sample), 96.3 per cent of the owners did not administer any treatments or other substances, 48.7 per cent did not seek any advice, and 40.4 per cent of them made attempts to solve the problem by themselves.  相似文献   

20.
Serum antibody titres to canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and rabies were measured in dogs that had not been revaccinated annually and compared with the titres in a control group of regularly vaccinated animals; 83 per cent (171 of 207) of the dogs vaccinated against CDV one or more years earlier had serum neutralising antibody titres equal to or greater than 16; 64 per cent (136 of 213) of the dogs vaccinated against CPV one or more years earlier had haemagglutination inhibiting titres equal to or greater than 80; and 59 per cent (46 of 78) of the dogs vaccinated against rabies two or more years earlier had serum neutralising antibody titres equal to or greater than 0.5 iu/ml. Three weeks after a single booster vaccination the dogs' antibody titres against CDV had increased above the threshold level in 94 per cent of the dogs, against CPV in 68 per cent, and against rabies in 100 per cent.  相似文献   

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