共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Phenotypic variation is ubiquitous in biology and is often traceable to underlying genetic and environmental variation. However, even genetically identical cells in identical environments display variable phenotypes. Stochastic gene expression, or gene expression "noise," has been suggested as a major source of this variability, and its physiological consequences have been topics of intense research for the last decade. Several recent studies have measured variability in protein and messenger RNA levels, and they have discovered strong connections between noise and gene regulation mechanisms. When integrated with discrete stochastic models, measurements of cell-to-cell variability provide a sensitive "fingerprint" with which to explore fundamental questions of gene regulation. In this review, we highlight several studies that used gene expression variability to develop a quantitative understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics of gene regulation. 相似文献
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Feinerman O Veiga J Dorfman JR Germain RN Altan-Bonnet G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5892):1081-1084
In T cells, the stochasticity of protein expression could contribute to the useful diversification of biological functions within a clonal population or interfere with accurate antigen discrimination. Combining computer modeling and single-cell measurements, we examined how endogenous variation in the expression levels of signaling proteins might affect antigen responsiveness during T cell activation. We found that the CD8 co-receptor fine-tunes activation thresholds, whereas the soluble hematopoietic phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) digitally regulates cell responsiveness. Stochastic variation in the expression of these proteins generates substantial diversity of activation within a clonal population of T cells, but co-regulation of CD8 and SHP-1 levels ultimately limits this very diversity. These findings reveal how eukaryotic cells can draw on regulated variation in gene expression to achieve phenotypic variability in a controlled manner. 相似文献
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Genetically identical cells and organisms exhibit remarkable diversity even when they have identical histories of environmental exposure. Noise, or variation, in the process of gene expression may contribute to this phenotypic variability. Recent studies suggest that this noise has multiple sources, including the stochastic or inherently random nature of the biochemical reactions of gene expression. In this review, we summarize noise terminology and comment on recent investigations into the sources, consequences, and control of noise in gene expression. 相似文献
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Heritable allele-specific differences in amounts of apoB and low-density lipoproteins in plasma 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations correlate with risk of coronary heart disease, and genetic variation affecting LDL levels influences atherosclerosis susceptibility. The principal LDL protein is apolipoprotein B (apoB); apoB is not exchangeable between lipoprotein particles and there is only one apoB per LDL particle. Plasma LDL therefore consists of two populations, one containing apoB derived from the maternal and one from the paternal apoB alleles. Products of the apob gene with high or low affinity for the MB-19 monoclonal antibody can be distinguished, and this antibody was used to identify heterozygotes with allele-specific differences in the amount of apoB in their plasma. A family study confirmed that the unequal expression phenotype was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and was linked to the apob gene locus. Significant apoB genetic variation affecting plasma LDL levels may be more common than previously appreciated. 相似文献
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Identifying the properties of gene networks that influence their evolution is a fundamental research goal. However, modes of evolution cannot be inferred solely from the distribution of natural variation, because selection interacts with demography and mutation rates to shape polymorphism and divergence. We estimated the effects of naturally occurring mutations on gene expression while minimizing the effect of natural selection. We demonstrate that sensitivity of gene expression to mutations increases with both increasing trans-mutational target size and the presence of a TATA box. Genes with greater sensitivity to mutations are also more sensitive to systematic environmental perturbations and stochastic noise. These results provide a mechanistic basis for gene expression evolvability that can serve as a foundation for realistic models of regulatory evolution. 相似文献
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等位基因的结构变异及差异表达在多种生物中普遍存在。等位基因差异表达对基因的表达起了很重要的调控作用,并最终可能与生物的表型多态性联系起来。但是,由于问题的复杂性和缺乏有效的技术,等位差异表达与基因表达变化乃至表型变化之间的关系至今没有解决,因此对等位差异表达在各种生物中所起的作用仍然是低估的。本文从等位基因差异表达产生的原因、其生物学意义以及检测方法等方面对目前等位基因结构变异及差异表达的研究进展做一简单介绍。 相似文献
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Control of stochasticity in eukaryotic gene expression 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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根据胚乳性状的遗传特征和有关遗传学原理，分析了主基因为１个位点时胚乳质量－数量性状的世代遗传组成。结果表明只要能够区别分离世代中植株的主基因基因型，就能对某一受三倍体遗传控制的胚乳性状是否存在主基因和（或）微基因效应进行有效的检测，并估计出可能存在的主基因效应和微基因变异；而分离世代中植株的主基因基因型可以通过该植株上自交种子胚乳性状的平均数和方差进行区分。文中给出了进行此类性状遗传分析的实验程序。 相似文献
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Genes can affect natural behavioral variation in different ways. Allelic variation causes alternative behavioral phenotypes, whereas changes in gene expression can influence the initiation of behavior at different ages. We show that the age-related transition by honey bees from hive work to foraging is associated with an increase in the expression of the foraging (for) gene, which encodes a guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). cGMP treatment elevated PKG activity and caused foraging behavior. Previous research showed that allelic differences in PKG expression result in two Drosophila foraging variants. The same gene can thus exert different types of influence on a behavior. 相似文献
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研究选用籽粒蛋白质含量差异显著的5个品种(系),比较分析品种间GS同工型基因在灌浆过程中籽粒和叶片表达特性及启动子序列与结构特点。结果表明,不同品种间OsGS同工型基因表达量差异显著;OsGS1;1和OsGS1;2基因在籽粒和叶片中大量表达;OsGS1;3和OsGS2基因分别仅在籽粒和叶片中大量表达;在灌浆过程中籽粒和叶片中OsGS同工型基因m RNA表达量均呈单峰曲线变化,灌浆前期m RNA表达量平稳升高,中期出现峰值,后期快速降低,且高蛋白质含量品种m RNA表达量高于低蛋白质含量品种。籽粒蛋白质含量差异显著品种间OsGS同工型基因启动子序列同源性高达99%以上;品种间有性杂交子代OsGS同工型基因启动子序列可发生碱基变化,但启动子核心元件无变化。在调控元件数量和功能上OsGS同工型基因启动子保守性很强,启动子在结构和功能上不易发生遗传变异,籽粒OsGS同工型基因m RNA表达量变化受OsGS基因启动子调控影响较小。 相似文献
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Gene regulation at the single-cell level 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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【目的】克隆木薯NAC转录因子Rd26基因(MeRd26)并检测其在干旱胁迫下的表达量,为Rd26基因抗旱调控机制研究打下基础。【方法】利用反RT-PCR克隆木薯叶片中的MeRd26基因,对其进行序列比对及系统发育进化树构建,研究其在栽培种Ku50和野生种W14间的变异情况,并用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测PEG-6000干旱胁迫下的MeRd26基因表达量。【结果】从木薯叶片中克隆获得的MeRd26基因,长度为1288 bp,包含1041 bp的开放阅读框,编码346个氨基酸,且含NAC保守结构域。系统发育进化树分析结果表明,MeRd26蛋白与杨树(Potri.011G123300.1)和杞柳(SapurV1A.0127s0020.1)的Rd26蛋白亲缘关系较近。基因结构变异分析结果显示,MeRd26基因有33个SNP位点和7个InDel位点,且大部分变异分布在非编码区及最后一个外显子的后半区域。基因表达检测结果显示,在正常大田种植条件下,栽培种Ku50叶片的MeRd26基因表达量是野生种W14的130倍,但在根中表达量差异较小;在干旱胁迫下,栽培种Ku50未展开叶、老叶和根中MeRd26基因表达被快速诱导,表达量随胁迫时间的延长而增加,在根中表达量最高,但在第1片完全展开叶中,MeRd26基因的表达被抑制,其表达量明显降低。【结论】MeRd26基因在转录水平上参与了木薯抗干旱胁迫反应,可作为候选基因用于木薯抗旱机制研究。 相似文献
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火龙果是一种新兴的热带水果,随着种植面积的不断增大,病害问题日趋严重,其中危害最大的是火龙果溃疡病,导致火龙果溃疡病的病原菌为新暗色柱节孢菌（Neoscytalidium dimidiatum）。为了研究新暗色柱节孢菌的遗传变异与基因功能,必须建立有效的遗传转化体系,但目前国内外未见相关报道。本研究通过构建含有gpdA启动子、绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein）和潮霉素（Hygromycin）抗性基因为筛选标记的双元表达载体,对新暗色柱节孢菌的孢子进行根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化,成功获得了阳性转化子。通过荧光显微镜观察表明,阳性转化子菌丝能够产生绿色荧光,野生型菌丝不能产生绿色荧光;PCR检测证明了转化子基因组中整合了潮霉素抗性基因。因此,本研究成功实现了根癌农杆菌介导下绿色荧光蛋白基因在新暗色柱节孢菌中的稳定遗传表达,为研究新暗色柱节孢菌对火龙果溃疡病的致病机制奠定了技术基础。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)基因遗传变异与贵州白山羊生长性状的关联性,以期得到能够影响贵州白山羊各群体生长性状显著效应的分子遗传标记。试验采用DNA池、PCR-SSCP法结合PCR产物直接测序对贵州白山羊L-FABP基因4个外显子进行SNPs筛选,并利用SPSS 18.0统计软件分析H-FABP基因遗传变异与生长性状间的相关性。多态位点检测表明,贵州白山羊L-FABP基因内含子两处存在C4557T和A4575G两个多态基因座;遗传效应分析表明,L-FABP基因C4557T和A4575G位点多态座位有利于提高贵州白山羊体重、体高、体斜长和管围,其中基因型CCGG有利于提高贵州白山羊成年母羊的体高和体斜长;TTGG有利于提高贵州白山羊周岁母羊的体重和管围。研究结果初步推测L-FABP基因可能影响贵州白山羊部分生长性状的主效基因或与主效基因连锁,其多态座位可能作为山羊生长性状选择的有效遗传标记。 相似文献
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一种基因芯片图像滤波混合法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对基因芯片的表达数据进行分析，有助于获得基因的表达谱与功能之间的关联信息，而基因芯片图像的滤波方法，对于获得高质量的基因表达数据具有重要的意义。本文采用小波和中值滤波混合法对基因芯片图像去噪，采用的小波硬门限阈值量化法去噪预先处理了基因芯片图像的部分高频噪声，避免了图像有用信号湮灭；而中值滤波法弥补了小波分析中的噪声指数较高的局限性。与传统的基因芯片图像滤波方法进行对比实验，结果表明，该方法能够在有效去除基因芯片图像噪声的同时，很好地保持图像的边缘和细节信息。 相似文献
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抗白粉病基因Pm8在四川小麦中遗传表达初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用Ｇｉｅｍｓａ－Ｃ带技术鉴定了４８个含１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体的小麦材料，并对其抗白粉病基因Ｐｍ８的遗传表达进行了初步研究。用对Ｐｍ８非毒性的小麦白粉菌系接种这些品系，结果表明：２１个小麦品系１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体上的抗白粉病基因Ｐｍ８未表达，２４个具有Ｐｍ８抗性，３个品系可能含有除Ｐｍ８外的其它基因或组合。我们认为，在四川小麦中的含１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体的品种（系）中Ｐｍ８基因的不表达也是白粉病流行的重要原因，在利用１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体于四川小麦高产育种中应注重其抗病性，并发掘新的抗白粉病资源有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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棉花GhNCED2基因表达载体构建及转基因烟草表达分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(NCED)是高等植物脱落酸(ABA)生物合成途径中的关键限速酶.为了进一步研究GhNCED2基因的功能.[方法]构建该基因植物超表达载体PZP35S - GhNCED2,通过农杆菌介导法转入野生烟草,并利用卡那霉素筛选、PCR扩增验证和RT - PCR表达分析.对转基因烟草T1代分别进行2; NaCl、4℃、20; PEG逆境胁迫处理,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析表明.[结果](1)GhNCED2基因已整合入烟草基因组中,并能在T1代中稳定表达.(2)随着时间的推移其表达量变化规律基本一致呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2; NaCl、20; PEG胁迫后GhNCED2基因相对表达量到达峰值的时间稍落后于4℃胁迫,20; PEG处理后基因的相对表达量要高于其他处理.[结论]干旱、盐碱及低温胁迫均都能诱导GhNCED2基因的大量表达,且该基因对干旱胁迫的响应更加积极,而对冷害更加迅速. 相似文献