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1.
为探讨当前国内大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)群体遗传多样性和变异情况, 采用14个微卫星(简单重复序列, SSR)标记和线粒体D-loop序列, 对国内3个养殖群体(“优鲈1号”YL1、“优鲈3号”YL3和中国台湾群体CTW)、1个引进群体(北方亚种US)和1个杂交群体(“优鲈3号”♀×北方亚种♂, HYB)共计5个群体175尾个体进行群体遗传变异分析。结果显示, 14个SSR位点中有5个位点(LMB24、LMB28、LMB38、LMB39和LMB42)表现出高度多态性[(多态信息含量(PIC)＞0.5)]。其中, 北方亚种群体多态性水平最高(PIC=0.514), 其他4个群体多态性普遍较低(0.278＜PIC＜ 0.359)。在D-loop序列中共检测到23个变异位点, 27个单倍型。其中北方亚种群体单倍型数量较多(12个), 而在其他4个群体中存在明显的优势单倍型, 单倍型H01在群体内占比为76.7%~85.7%, 5个群体的单倍型多样性介于0.218~0.882。基于微卫星标记和D-loop部分序列的遗传变异分析显示, 北方亚种群体和“优鲈3号”群体间的Nei’s遗传距离和K2P遗传距离最远(0.300和0.012), 明显大于与其他群体间的遗传距离(0.016~0.297和0.000~ 0.012); 分子方差分析显示, 5个大口黑鲈群体的遗传分化极显著(P＜0.01)。群体间遗传结构和单倍型网络分析显示, 北方亚种群体的遗传结构相对独立, 其他4个群体存在一定程度的遗传结构混杂。研究结果表明, 引进的北方亚种群体保持了较高的遗传多样性, 并与国内养殖群体间存在极显著遗传分化, 基于北方亚种群体开展群体选育或与其他群体开展杂交育种具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
2.
大口黑鲈北方亚种群体和“优鲈1号”群体及其正反杂交子代的遗传和生长性能比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决国内养殖的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)群体遗传多样性下降问题,进一步培育快长和抗逆性强的大口黑鲈优良品种,以引进的大口黑鲈北方亚种群体(N)和大口黑鲈"优鲈1号"(G)为亲本,通过自交和正反杂交获得4个大口黑鲈群体,利用12对微卫星引物对其进行遗传多样性及遗传结构分析,采用金属丝线码(CWT)标记后在相同池塘养殖条件下对4个群体的生长性能进行比较分析。结果显示,12对微卫星引物在所有个体中均能扩增出清晰条带,在120尾样本中共扩增到126个等位基因,北方亚种自交群体(N)、"优鲈1号"自交群体(G)、正交群体NG[N(♀)×G(♂)]、反交群体GN[G(♀)×N(♂)]的平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.491、0.454、0.553和0.519,平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.519、0.480、0.729和0.664,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.407、0.412、0.454和0.425。结果表明,正反交群体的遗传多样性均高于自交群体,其中NG群体的遗传多样性最高。对群体间的遗传分化分析表明,GN群体与N和G群体间遗传分化最大,分别为0.125和0.149。UPGMA聚类分析显示,N群体和G群体首先聚为一支,再与NG群体聚为一支,最后与GN群体聚合。对4个群体的3～12月龄的子代生长性状进行对比,GN群体的体质量绝对增长率(AGR)和特定增长率(SGR)分别为1.44 g·d~(-1)和1.04%·d~(-1),均高于其他群体。研究结果可为今后大口黑鲈良种培育和遗传改良提供科学依据。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)是中国最重要的淡水养殖蟹类,广泛分布于东亚地区,养殖区域主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域。本研究基于线粒体DNAD-loop区评估辽河野生群体(LW)和养殖群体(LC)、黄河野生群体(HW)和养殖群体(HC)及长江野生群体(YW)和养殖群体(YC)的遗传多样性和种群结构。结果显示:(1)用于本研究的D-loop基因片段长度为477 bp,共包含234个变异位点和131个简约信息位点, 6个群体的262个个体中共有110个单倍型,包括90个独有单倍型和20个共享单倍型;(2)6个种群的单倍型多样性指数(Hd)范围为0.88889～0.96522,核苷酸多样性指数(π)范围为0.00887～0.01602,养殖和野生群体遗传多样性水平依次为:HCYCLC及HWLWYW;(3)6个群体的遗传距离(Da)范围为0.0119～0.0173,不论是养殖群体还是野生群体,辽河群体和长江群体之间的遗传距离均最小,且6个群体间遗传分化指数FST为0.12938。对6个群体进行中性检验显示Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs的值均为负值。综上,基于线粒体D-loop基因的研究结果表明,三水系养殖和野生群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,且辽河和长江水系中华绒螯蟹的亲缘关系相对较近,该研究为中华绒螯蟹的种质资源评估、保护和开发提供了参考。 相似文献
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用18对微卫星引物对大口黑鲈北方亚种(Micropterus salmoides salmoides,N)、佛罗里达亚种(M.salmoides floridanus,F)及其正交子代(N♀×F♂)和反交子代(F♀×N♂)进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果表明,18对引物扩增出的等位基因数为2~8个,平均等位基因数为5.0。检测到6对(Jzl48、Jzl68、Jzl84、MiSaTPW76、Msal21、Mdo6和Mdo7)亚种间特异性引物,其中有2对引物(Jzl48和Mdo7)可以用来鉴别大口黑鲈北方亚种、佛罗里达亚种和其杂交子代。平均有效等位基因数、平均期望杂合度和平均多态信息含量均为杂交组合F♀×N♂最高,分别为3.199 7,0.638 9和0.570 6,平均观测杂合度为杂交组合N♀×F♂最高(0.848 8)。对亲代与杂交子代间的遗传分化分析表明,正反交子代均与北方亚种的遗传分化最小(0.092和0.119 6)。基于Nei’s遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统进化树显示正交子代N♀×F♂与母本N聚为一支,反交子代F♀×N♂与父本N聚为一支。 相似文献
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大口黑鲈北方亚种、佛罗里达亚种及其杂交子代的生长和形态差异分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以大口黑鲈北方亚种和佛罗里达亚种为亲本,建立了北方亚种自交N(北方亚种♀×北方亚种♂)、佛罗里达亚种自交F(佛罗里达亚种♀×佛罗里达亚种♂)、正交子代NF(北方亚种♀×佛罗里达亚种♂)和反交子代FN(佛罗里达亚种♀×北方亚种♂)4个试验群体,并对其生长性能和形态学差异进行了比较。N、NF和FN的生长性能比较结果表明,在90～152日龄期间,3个试验群体生长速率差别不大,在152日龄后大口黑鲈北方亚种的生长速度明显快于两杂交子代。可数性状的分析结果表明,4个试验组在腹鳍、臀鳍硬棘、鳃耙和脊椎骨上均无差异;正反交子代与两亲本在背鳍条、胸鳍条、臀鳍条、尾鳍条、侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞的数量上均达到极显著差异(P0.01)。可量性状和框架结构数据的聚类分析结果表明,N和F聚为一支,NF和FN聚为一支,然后这两支再汇聚;主成分分析概括出方差贡献率较大的3个主成分,累积贡献率为71.44%,主成分1主要反映鱼体框架的变化,方差贡献率为54.90%,主成分2和主成分3主要反映鱼的头部、背部和尾部的形态变化,方差贡献率分别为11.21%和5.33%。在35个测量参数中挑选11个对判别贡献较大的参数建立4个群体的判别函数,判别准确率为83.90%～100.00%。研究结果为杂种大口黑鲈的鉴定、育种及养殖提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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为探讨长江流域大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为长江大眼鳜野生群体资源的有效管理和合理开发利用提供基础科学数据支撑,本研究基于线粒体细胞色素 b (cytochrome b, Cyt b)基因及控制区(D-loop)全序列,对 4 个群体(赤水河群体-CS、南京群体-NJ、岳阳群体-YY、宜昌群体-YC)共计 79 尾个体进行了分析。结果如下:(1)获得了长 1141 bp 的 Cyt b 基因全序列,共检测到 26 种单倍型。单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,Hd)指数为 0.685 (CS)~0.924 (YC),核苷酸多样性(nucleotide diversity,π)指数为 0.176%(CS)~0.285%(YY)。群体内与群体间的遗传距离均在 0.002~0.003。(2)获得了长度为 834~840 bp 的 D-loop 全序列,在 79 尾个体中共检测到46 种单倍型。单倍型多样性指数为 0.754 (CS)~0.990 (NJ),核苷酸多样性指数为 0.548%(CS)~1.412%(YC)。群体内遗传距离在 0.005 (CS)~0.014 (YC),群体间遗传距离在 0.008~0.012,提示 4 个野生群体均尚未达到亚种分化水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示群体内的变异是总变异的主要来源,长江流域大眼鳜野生群体无显著遗传结构差异。 相似文献
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基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因序列比较分析养殖与野生银鲳群体遗传多样性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
运用线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列比较分析了养殖与野生银鲳群体的遗传多样性。研究结果显示,线粒体D-loop区片段中,A、T、C与G4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为40.00%、30.55%、16.75%和12.70%,A+T的含量为70.55%,明显高于G+C的含量。COI基因片段中,A、T、C和G的平均含量分别为25.85%、33.90%、21.30%和18.85%,A+T的含量(59.75%)同样高于G+C的含量。基于D-loop序列分析所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为19、15、0.895、0.007和2.505。基于COI基因所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为33、17、0.713、0.004和2.239。基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列的研究结果均显示,养殖银鲳群体的遗传多样性低于野生群体的遗传多样性。养殖群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别为0.562与0.571,野生群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别... 相似文献
8.
中国达氏鳇野生群体和两个养殖群体的线粒体遗传多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
达氏鳇(Huso dauricus)是黑龙江流域土著鲟,近几十年来野生资源急剧下降,被确定为濒危物种之一。本研究采用线粒体DNA的Cyt b基因和D-loop区域的多态性信息评估了黑龙江抚远段野生群体、北京房山国家级鲟鱼原种场的保种群体及浙江衢州国家级鲟鱼良种场的繁殖群体等3个达氏鳇群体的遗传多样性水平。所有测试个体在Cyt b基因位点的核苷酸水平上没有检测到多样性,均具有相同的Cyt b单倍型,而在D-loop区域中发现了9种单倍型,对于D-loop区,单倍型多样性(H_d)达到0.593,但核苷酸多样性(π)仅为0.00213。在8尾野生个体中检测到6种D-loop单倍型,2个养殖群体共计58尾个体共计检出5种D-loop单倍型个体。分析结果显示:野生达氏鳇群体遗传多样性极低,历史上可能经历过严重的遗传瓶颈,同时达氏鳇人工繁殖过程中每批次可能只有极少个体参与了繁殖。此外,基于Cyt b基因部分序列的分析结果提示,达氏鳇与其他太平洋鲟类的亲缘关系较近,而与欧鳇(Huso huso)关系较远,传统上鳇属(Huso)的分类地位得不到有效的分子生物学数据支持。 相似文献
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《淡水渔业》2015,(6)
利用线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的421 bp部分序列对北屯、乌伦古湖、博斯腾湖3个野生河鲈(Perca fluviatilis)群体和北湖、五家渠2个养殖河鲈群体序列多样性与种群遗传结构进行分析。结果表明:100个个体中检测到7个单倍型,变异位点10个,其中野生群体60个个体检测到9个变异位点和6个单倍型,养殖群体40个个体共检测到8个变异位点和4种单倍型;野生群体平均单倍型多样性和平均核苷酸多样性(Hd=0.496±0.121,Pi=0.002 53±0.001 54)高于养殖群体(Hd=0.416±0.127,Pi=0.001 23±0.001 13),分子方差分析揭示,98.74%的遗传变异性出现在种群内个体间。群体间的FST分析揭示野生群体和养殖群体分化程度较低(0.05FST0.15)。分子系统树和单倍型网络图分析也表明,河鲈单倍型间关系较近,野生群体和养殖群体不存在显著分化。 相似文献
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为了检测驯食配合饲料的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)3个选育世代群体遗传多样性水平变化,利用微卫星标记技术对驯食配合饲料大口黑鲈选育基础群体(Sp0)和第二、三和四代选育群体(Sp2、Sp3和Sp4)共240尾样品进行检测。结果显示,18个微卫星位点共获得44个等位基因。Sp0、Sp2、Sp3和Sp4的平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.4895、0.4802、0.4579和0.4206,平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.4615、0.4454、0.4621和0.3916,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.3791、0.3659、0.3764和0.3257。4个群体间的配对比较群体间遗传分化指数(F_(st))值在0.01612～0.16162之间、遗传距离(D_a)在0.0249～0.1434之间。遗传变异来源(AMOVA)分析显示,只有8.38%的变异来自于群体间,其余遗传变异均来自于个体间。研究表明,经连续多代选育之后,易驯食配合饲料的快长大口黑鲈选育群体具有中度遗传多样性,具备选育潜力,可继续进行选育。 相似文献
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The influence of environmental variables on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) populations in 22 shallow (mean depth 1.0–2.9 m) Nebraska lakes was evaluated. Largemouth bass exhibited density‐dependent size structure and growth, but not condition. Total annual mortality averaged only 30%. Deeper lakes contained low density largemouth bass populations with a high proportion of fish >380 mm, whereas larger lakes with little submerged vegetation had faster growth. The proportion of largemouth bass >380 mm and relative abundance tended to increase with emergent vegetation coverage. More stable recruitment was evident in shallower lakes with increased emergent vegetation coverage. Strong year classes were associated with cooler September air temperatures. Largemouth bass populations exhibited density‐dependent effects in lakes up to 332 ha. Lake depth, emergent vegetation and autumn air temperatures may influence largemouth bass populations more than previously suggested. 相似文献
13.
Abstract – A dietary analysis of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), an exotic, piscivorous species, was conducted in large South Korean river systems (>third order streams, 31 sites). Micropterus salmoides larger than 100 mm exhibited intense piscivory on native Korean juvenile fishes, with levels of piscivory amongst the highest recorded globally, for native and introduced populations. Largemouth bass exhibited an ontogenetic shift in diet, showing a progressive increase in piscivory with size, typical of this species within its native range but unlike several studies on introduced largemouth bass in Europe and Africa. Sampling of fish communities at the same sites used for diet studies showed that native piscivores and the main food fish species of largemouth bass were significantly less abundant ( P = 0.049 and 0.045, respectively) at sites where bass were present than at sites where no bass were recorded. Largemouth bass may pose a threat to the structure of fish assemblages in Korean river systems and further study of their population interactions and how to minimise their spread is needed. 相似文献
14.
Abstract– Lake Ashbaugh, located in northeast Arkansas, was constructed in 1981, and initially stocked with Florida largemouth bass followed by supplemental stockings of northern largemouth bass. Allele frequencies of three discriminant allozyme loci (sAAT-B, sIDH-B, sMDH-B) between Florida and northern largemouth bass were determined for 414 largemouth bass collected between 1994 and 1996. Fx bass dominated our sample, with 62.3% possessing Florida largemouth bass alleles. A high incidence of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium was observed, indicative of genetic change within the population. No significant differences were identified for frequency of age classes, relative weight, and length at age between the northern, F1 and Fx phenotypes. Despite being located north of what is generally considered suitable for stocking Florida largemouth bass, it was demonstrated that temperature is not selective at present against bass possessing Florida largemouth bass alleles. However, caution should prevail when introducing non-native stock into native gene complexes, as introduced genes persist through many generations. 相似文献
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John S. Hargrove Mark W. Rogers Phillip T. Kacmar 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2020,27(3):219-226
Millions of Florida bass, Micropterus floridanus Lesueur, are stocked annually into populations of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Lacepède, to increase trophy fish abundance. However, little effort has related the role that resultant hybrids make to angler catches. Largemouth bass were sampled from an important recreational fishery subject to extensive Florida bass stocking to address the hypothesis that anglers capture Florida bass, largemouth bass and hybrids at rates equivalent to their overall abundance in the population. Fin clips obtained from tournament angling events (n = 348) and boat‐mounted electrofishing sampling (n = 219) were screened at 38 species‐diagnostic markers and individuals were assigned to genealogical classes using Bayesian clustering algorithms. No significant differences were identified between angler and electrofishing catches providing evidence that hybridised individuals stemming from a long‐term stocking programme may constitute an important contribution to tournament angling catch. 相似文献
17.
Amanda Pomposini Jonathan Blubaugh Robert Chad Boyce David T. Gauthier 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(5):739-749
Back Bay is an oligohaline, coastal bay in southeast Virginia, USA. Since 2004, leeches have been observed in the oral cavities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in this body of water. Leeches (Myzobdella lugubris) have previously been documented in the oral cavities of largemouth bass in the Currituck Sound, which is confluent with Back Bay on its southern border. Supplemental stocking of largemouth bass in Back Bay since 2009 has resulted in an increasing population; however, concern exists that leech infestation may be negatively affecting health of larger fish, which are still less abundant than expected. Despite the wide distribution of this leech, there is little available literature regarding its health impacts on hosts. In this study, we examine potential impacts of oral leech infestations on stress markers and haematological parameters of largemouth bass in Back Bay. No significant changes in plasma glucose or cortisol were observed between leech‐infested and uninfested fish, and haematological parameters were not significantly different between the groups. Further, there was no evidence of systemic infections associated with leech infestation. 相似文献
18.
David Almeida Ana AlmodóvarGraciela G. Nicola Benigno ElviraGary D. Grossman 《Fisheries Research》2012,113(1):153-158
Biological invasions are a major factor for biodiversity loss, particularly in freshwater environments. Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is native to North America and is invasive on the Iberian Peninsula, primarily to provide angling opportunities in reservoirs. However, this species is a threat to the endemic Iberian fauna via predation and competition. Currently, there is little information on largemouth bass in European streams. Thus, we assessed the trophic plasticity and body condition of young largemouth bass in both invasive (the regulated Bullaque River) and native (Murray Creek) streams. Abundance of juvenile largemouth bass, percentage of full stomachs and body condition were higher in Bullaque River. Largemouth bass preyed on benthic invertebrates much more heavily in the Bullaque River, whereas fishes were the most important prey in Murray Creek. Prey richness, diet diversity and trophic niche breadth were higher in the Bullaque River population. Largemouth bass preferred water-column fishes as prey and avoided consuming benthic fishes in Murray Creek, whereas water-column fishes were avoided in Bullaque River. These results demonstrate that largemouth bass display substantial trophic plasticity which possibly facilitates its success as invasive species. Regulated Iberian streams may provide both suitable food and habitat resources with minimal predation pressure, and hence may serve as recruitment sources for this invasive fish. 相似文献