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1.
球孢白僵菌经不同基质继代移殖后对松墨天牛毒力的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以筛选得到的分离自松墨天牛的球孢白僵菌高毒力菌株B5、Bxs、低毒力菌株B11和分离自松毛虫的球孢白僵菌低毒力菌株BZ为出发菌株,记为B0。通过连续接种松墨天牛幼虫分别获得H1、H2、H3、H4;连续在PPDA培养基上继代移殖,分别获得R1、R2、R3和R4,对各原始菌株与继代移殖菌株分别进行毒力测定。结果表明：高毒力菌株B5、Bxs与低毒力菌株B11、BZ在PPDA培养基上继代移殖,各菌株毒力均逐代下降,原始菌株、各继代移殖菌株彼此间的LT50差异显著。分离自松墨天牛的B5、Bxs、B11菌株通过松墨天牛幼虫继代移殖后毒力逐代提高,逐代之间的LT50差异显著;但来源于松毛虫的Bz菌株逐代之间的LT50差异不显著,这可能跟球孢白僵菌对寄主的专化性有关。  相似文献   

2.
本研究对分离自二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone（Moschler）越冬幼虫僵虫上分离的43株球孢白僵菌菌株进行生物测定,筛选到致病力较强的4株菌株,并对这4株菌株的菌落形态、菌株生长速度、产孢量和萌发率等生物学性状进行了测定。同时以二点委夜蛾2龄幼虫为供试虫源,测定了这4株白僵菌菌株对二点委夜蛾的致病力,从中筛选出具有生长速度快、萌发率高、产孢量大等培养性状优及毒力较强的球孢白僵菌Ed-41菌株。该菌株在浓度为1×107孢子.mL-1悬浮液喷雾接种处理后,在26℃条件下,第8 d供试幼虫的死亡率达85%,显示出对靶标害虫的具有较好的毒力,在二点委夜蛾害虫生物防治中将有潜在的的应用价值。  相似文献   

3.
室内测定了6株金龟子绿僵菌菌株的菌落生长速率、产孢量及其对星天牛幼虫的致病力。结果表明：不同菌株生长速率和产孢量存在显著差异,在PPDA培养基上,菌株MaYTTR04和MaZPTR01的菌落生长较快,培养15 d后,菌落直径分别为6.3 cm和5.9 cm;产孢量以菌株MaYTTR04最大,MaZPTR01其次,分别为2.0×10^8孢子·cm^-2和1.1×10^8孢子·cm^-2,显著高于其他菌株。生物测定结果表明,不同绿僵菌菌株对星天牛幼虫的致病力差异显著,接种20 d后,星天牛幼虫累积死亡率在40%～96.7%之间;菌株MaZPTR01和MaYTTR04对星天牛幼虫致死率分别达到96.7%和93.3%;僵虫率也高,分别达到86.7%和80%;致死中时（LT50）短,分别为5.71 d和5.80 d。研究结果表明,菌株MaZPTR01和MaYTTR04对星天牛幼虫致病力较强,同时具备良好的生产性能,故可作为优良菌株用于星天牛的防治。  相似文献   

4.
几种虫生真菌对枸杞负泥虫的致病性及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
室内用浸溃接种法测定了2种不同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)2菌株和金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)1菌株对枸杞负泥虫的毒力.结果表明,3种菌株对枸杞负泥虫均具有毒杀作用.绿僵菌IPPCKAS2029菌株表现了较高的毒力,对2龄幼虫的致死中时(LT50)4.39 d,校正死亡率为100%;对成虫的致病力低于幼虫,致死中时(LT50)10.65 d,校正死亡率73.8%.球孢白僵菌FW-05、Z-28两菌株的毒力弱于前者,对2龄幼虫的致死中时(LT50)分别为6.85 d和7.78 d,校正死亡率分别为86.5%和82.7%;对成虫的致死中时(LT50)分别为16.18 d和18.92 d,校正死亡率分别为61.9%和55.6%.  相似文献   

5.
对云南省昆明市盘龙区侵染红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus幼虫的真菌进行了分离培养, 采用形态学特征及ITS-rDNA序列对该菌株进行种类鉴定?在不同培养基?不同条件下研究了该菌株的生物学特性, 采用浸渍法测定了其对红棕象甲不同龄期幼虫的致病力?结果表明, 根据形态学特征及ITS-rDNA序列特征, 侵染红棕象甲幼虫的菌株为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana, 菌株编号为KMND202111?该菌株在PDA培养基上, 30℃, L∥D=0 h∥24 h条件下生长良好, 菌落日生长速率为4.67 mm/d, 培养至第12天菌落单位面积产孢量为9.09×109个/mm2?该菌株对红棕象甲3龄及6龄幼虫毒力较强, 108个/mL孢子悬浮液接种后第10天, 3龄和6龄幼虫累计校正死亡率分别为100%和76.4%, 致死中时分别为4.88 d和7.64 d?球孢白僵菌KMND202111易于培养, 对红棕象甲3龄及6龄幼虫具有良好的毒力, 具有开发为红棕象甲生防制剂的良好潜力?  相似文献   

6.
为探明昆虫病原真菌球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana与天敌昆虫花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides的相容性,观察4株球孢白僵菌菌株的生长性状、产孢量以及孢子萌发率,并选用Bb3275和Bb202菌株测定其对松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus的致病力以及对花绒寄甲的毒力;同时在模拟环境条件下,分别用Bb3275和Bb202菌株的孢子悬浮液先侵染松墨天牛幼虫,再按1∶1比例将花绒寄甲与受侵染的松墨天牛置于同一环境下饲养,观察花绒寄甲的死亡率。结果显示,孢子悬浮液浓度为1×106孢子/mL至1×108孢子/mL时,Bb3275菌株和Bb202菌株对松墨天牛幼虫和成虫的致病力与对照组相比均有显著差异;经4种浓度Bb3275和Bb202菌株侵染花绒寄甲幼虫和成虫15 d后,仅在高浓度1×108孢子/mL时表现出轻微致死作用,但花绒寄甲的存活率均高于85.00%;模拟条件下,松墨天牛幼虫校正死亡率均在80.00%以上,而同环境下花绒寄甲幼虫和成虫均表现出良好的活力,且侵染率为0。表明球孢白僵菌和花绒寄甲之间具有很好的相容性,可以同时应用于松墨天牛的生物防治。  相似文献   

7.
从新疆吐鲁番地区和乌鲁木齐市安宁渠镇白星花金龟幼虫体中分离得到的2个新疆本土绿僵菌菌株TLF和ANQ。通过形态学初步鉴定菌株ANQ和TLF为金龟子绿僵菌。利用ITS1/ITS4和ITS4/ITS86引物分别测定了菌株TLF和ANQ的rDNA-ITS序列,2个菌株与金龟子绿僵菌相似性达99.1%~99.6%。室内毒力测定结果显示,菌株TLF和ANQ对白星花金龟各龄幼虫均具有高的致病力,死亡率分别达到90%~100%和73.3%~100%。2个菌株对白星花金龟1龄和2龄幼虫的致病力显著高于3龄幼虫,表现出随着白星花金龟幼虫龄期的增大致病力均呈降低的趋势。在相同处理时间内菌株TLF较ANQ致病力强。  相似文献   

8.
为研究球孢白僵菌对不同昆虫的致病力及其在昆虫体表侵染的差异,探讨球孢白僵菌对不同寄主昆虫侵染的毒力差异,本研究选择了不同分离来源的9株球孢白僵菌,以半翅目的烟粉虱和鳞翅目的小菜蛾为试验材料,详细比较了球孢白僵菌对烟粉虱2龄若虫和小菜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力差异,以及在侵染过程中孢子吸附、孢子萌发及芽管伸长速度差异。结果表明,9株球孢白僵菌有6株对2种昆虫毒力差异显著,3个菌株差异不显著。对2种昆虫毒力差异不显著的菌株Bb271在2种昆虫体表单位面积的孢子吸附数量、孢子萌发率和芽管伸长速度均无显著差异;对2种昆虫毒力差异显著的2个菌株Bb104和Bb120在2种昆虫体表单位面积的孢子吸附数量和孢子萌发率无显著差异,但在2种昆虫体表的芽管伸长速度差异显著（P<0.05）。因此,从本研究结果来看,球孢白僵菌对不同昆虫的致病力强弱与昆虫体表单位面积的孢子吸附数量和孢子萌发率无关,与球孢白僵菌在昆虫体表的芽管伸长速度有关。芽管伸长速度可以作为球孢白僵菌菌株对寄主昆虫致病力强弱的形态学依据。  相似文献   

9.
不同的球孢白僵菌对草地螟的毒力测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用16个分离自内蒙古地区的球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)菌株对草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis L.)幼虫的致病力作了室内测定.结果表明,16个菌株对草地螟幼虫均表现出一定的致病率,但毒力强弱有所不同.通过对16个菌株进行毒力测定,筛选出1个毒力相对较强,有效死亡率(僵虫率)仍较高的菌株S3.同一个菌株处理下,草地螟幼虫的累积死亡率随孢子浓度增加而上升,接种后的幼虫死亡数逐日减少.说明累积死亡率是随着处理后时间的延长而递升;菌株的半死亡时间(LT50)随浓度的增加而减小.  相似文献   

10.
不同接种方式下球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的致病力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文比较了4种接种方式下球孢白僵菌Bb02菌株对小菜蛾2龄和3龄幼虫的致病力。当孢子悬浮液浓度为1×107个/mL时,球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾2龄幼虫校正死亡率为浸虫法73.79%,涂抹法68.28%,喷雾法51.72%和浸叶法33.79%;对3龄幼虫的校正死亡率为喷雾法57.93%,浸虫法57.24%,涂抹法55.86%和浸叶法28.28%,虽然浸虫法的校正死亡率稍低于喷雾法,但两者差异不显著。同时,2龄和3龄幼虫以浸虫法处理僵虫率最高,分别达31.25%和29.55%;致死速度最快,LT50分别为3.62 d和4.63 d。认为浸虫法最适于室内准确评价球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾的致病力。  相似文献   

11.
Four plant species, as a dry powder of their leaves, were tested against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. The bioassay tests revealed the plants Datura stramonium and Sesbania sesban to be more toxic to the snails than the other two ones. Therefore, they were tested against snails’ fecundity (Mx), reproduction rate (Ro) and their infection with S. mansoni miracidia. In addition, total protein concentration and the activities of the transaminases (AsT and AlT) and phosphatases (AcP and AkP) enzymes in hemolymph and tissues of snails treated with these plants were determined. As well, glucose concentration in snails’ hemolymph was evaluated.Exposure of snails for 4 weeks to LC10 and LC25 of the plants D. stramonium and S. sesban dry powder markly suppressed their Mx and Ro. The reduction rates of Ro for snails exposed to LC25 of these plants were 62.1% and 76.4%, respectively. As well, a considerable reduction in the infection rates of snails exposed to these plants either during, pre- or post-miracidial exposure was recorded. Thus, infection rates of snails treated during miracidial exposure with LC10 of D. stramonium and S. sesban were 41.7% and 52.2%, respectively, compared to 92.6% for control group (P < 0.01). These plants, also, reduced the duration of cercarial shedding and cercarial production/snail. So, snails exposed to LC25 of these plants shed 372.8 and 223.2 cercariae/snail, respectively, compared to 766.3 cercariae/infected control snail (P < 0.01).The results, also, revealed that glucose and total protein concentrations in hemolymph of snails treated with LC10 and LC25 of these plants were decreased, meanwhile, the activities of the enzymes AsT, AlT, AcP and AkP were elevated (P < 0.01). However, the activity of AcP in tissues of treated snails was decreased compared to that of control ones. It is concluded that LC25 of the plants D. stramonium and S. sesban negatively interferes with biological and physiological activities of B. alexandrina snails, consequently it could be effective in interrupting and minimizing the transmission of S. mansoni.  相似文献   

12.
A study on the compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana with neem was conducted against sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, on eggplant. Initially, three concentrations of neem (0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%) were used to investigate the physiological responses of B. bassiana. Thereafter, above three concentrations of neem along with three concentrations of B. bassiana (106, 107 and 108 conidia/ml) were used to investigate combined deterrence index, DI under two application methods (foliar and soil) of B. tabaci. Significant differences were observed among neem concentrations on all variables- germination percentage, vegetative growth, number of conidia, amount of biomass and proteolytic activity of B. bassiana. The reduction percentage of germination, vegetative growth, sporulation, biomass production and proteolytic activity of B. bassiana were as high as 12%, 13%, 35%, 38%, and 34%, respectively, to neem. Significant differences were also observed on deterrence index, DI (adult and oviposition) of B. tabaci. The current study investigated that the highest adult DI (80.15) and oviposition DI (88.25) occurred when 1.0% neem was combined with 108 conidia/ml of B. bassiana. As the results show, neem is compatible with B. bassiana; and soil application of neem along with foliar application of B. bassiana might be useful for the control of B. tabaci.  相似文献   

13.
二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生对寄主二化螟幼虫免疫反应的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了探明二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis (Matsumura)寄生对寄主二化螟Chilo suppressalis (Walker)幼虫血细胞和体液免疫反应的影响,观察并测定了二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生引起二化螟幼虫血细胞数量、延展、存活、吞噬和包囊作用以及血淋巴酚氧化酶活性等的变化。结果显示,二化螟幼虫血细胞总数在寄生后1天即显著高于对照。其中,颗粒血细胞和浆血细胞在寄生后的数量变化均与血细胞总数变化相似,颗粒血细胞在寄生后3天、浆血细胞在寄生后0.5天起即分别与其对照差异显著,但两种血细胞在血细胞总数中各自所占的比例与对照多无显著差异。二化螟幼虫血细胞延展能力在寄生后0.5天受到显著抑制,此后与对照无显著差异;同时寄生可增加寄主血细胞的死亡率。寄主幼虫血细胞的吞噬作用在寄生后2天起显著降低;包囊作用则在寄生后1天起显著降低。二化螟幼虫被二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生后,血淋巴酚氧化酶活性显著升高,但随后呈逐渐下降趋势。研究结果说明,二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生使寄主二化螟幼虫的免疫反应呈现一定的规律变化。  相似文献   

14.
The molluscicidal activity of cold water, boiled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of Solanum siniacum and Artemisia judaica L. plants against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails was carried out. The tests revealed plant’s ethanol extract was more toxic to the snails than the other tested extracts. Therefore, it was tested against snails’ fecundity (Mx), reproduction rate (R0) and their infection with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. In addition, biochemical parameters and the activities of some enzymes in tissues of snails treated with the two tested plants were determined. As well, glucose concentration in snails’ hemolymph was evaluated. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to plant’s ethanol extract led to a significant reduction in their survival and snails’ fecundity, reproduction rate. In addition, it caused a considerable reduction in the infectivity of S. mansoni miracidia to the snails. Also, it caused a reduction in number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The results revealed that the glucose concentration in hemolymph and Lactate level in soft tissues of treated snails were increased (P < 0.001) while glycogen, total protein, the lipid content and the pyruvate level in snail’s tissues decreased (P < 0.001). The activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvatekinase (PK) and cytochrome oxidase (CY) enzymes in homogenate of snail’s tissues were reduced (P < 0.001) in response to treatment with the two tested plants while protease (PR) activity increased (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the application of LC25 of ethanol extract of S. siniacum and A. judaica L. may be helpful in snail control as it interferes with the snails’ biology and physiology.  相似文献   

15.
Effects of the two insect growth regulators (IGRs) methoxyfenozide, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) agonist, and pyriproxifen, Juvenile hormone (JH) agonist, were examined on the cellular immune responses of the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps versus the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The simultaneous treatment with the IGRs and the fungal spores altered haemocyte count (total and differentiate), nodulation response and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It was observed that different concentrations of methoxyfenozide increased total and differentiate haemocyte numbers as well as B. bassiana-induced nodulation response. In contrast with the JH agonist, pyriproxifen significantly decreased total and differentiate haemocyte numbers and inhibited nodule formation in E. integriceps adults. The 20E agonist displayed major effects when injected at the doses 2.79 and 5.59 μg/mg adult. In contrast, injecting adults by pyriproxifen significantly impaired their ability to raise an efficacious response against the fungal spores. The ability of the two IGR analogues to interfere with activity of the PO system in haemolymph of E. integriceps adults was also investigated 6 h after injection by fungal spores. Methoxyfenozide had an excitatory effect on PO activity when the 5.59 μg/mg concentration was used against adults. Conversely, pyriproxifen had an inhibitory effect on PO activity when used at 1.49 μg/mg adult concentration. These findings demonstrate that pyriproxifen may interfere with cell-mediated immunity of E. integriceps. So, pyriproxifen could be a good candidate for the integrated control of the Sunn pest.  相似文献   

16.
为明确亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis幼虫对球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana的细胞免疫作用,研究了注射不同剂量球孢白僵菌芽生孢子后亚洲玉米螟幼虫血细胞总数的时间动态变化和活体与离体条件下血细胞对芽生孢子的包囊作用。各处理组的血细胞总数均在注射后0.25 h达到一个低谷之后上升,注射剂量为102个/虫和103个/虫芽生孢子组血细胞总数在注射后24 h仍高于正常值,注射剂量为104个/虫和105个/虫芽生孢子组血细胞总数在注射后24 h低于正常值。在活体条件下亚洲玉米螟幼虫血细胞粘附在球孢白僵菌芽生孢子表面形成包囊;在离体条件下包囊形成的速度较慢,其致密程度不如活体状态。表明亚洲玉米螟幼虫对球孢白僵菌芽生孢子具有强烈的细胞防御能力。  相似文献   

17.
The insecticidal activity of four forms of Hong Jing (HJ) allylisothiocyanate (AITC), AITC + cypermethrin (HJA, HJB, and HJC) with ratio of (1:1, 4:1, and 2:1), pure AITC (HJD), and two forms of Hong Du (HD) AITC, AITC + chlorpyrifos (HDA and HDB) with ratio of (2:1 and 2:1), respectively, were studied on the major cruciferous insect larvae Plutella xylostella (L.) and Pieris rapae (L.) by combining both spraying and dipping methods. The P. rapae was more susceptible than P. xylostella larvae. The LC50 values 72 h after treatment of AITC forms (HJB, HJA, HJC, HJD, HDB, and HDA) on the P. rapae were; 0.07, 0.08, 0.16, 0.83, 0.26, 1.08 gL−1, and 0.69, 0.26, 5.45, 0.93, 3.01, 5.98 gL−1 on the P. xylostella, respectively. The toxicity of some of the AITC forms was very close to or better than that of the commercial contact insecticides such as chlorpyrifos (LC50 = 0.03 and 0.04 gL−1 on P. rapae and P. xylostella, respectively), and cypermethrin (0.65 and 0.78 gL−1, respectively, against P. rapae and P. xylostella). The ultrastructural studies on the integument of the third larval instar of P. xylostella treated by sub-lethal concentration (LC20) of HJB, HJD, and HDB were carried out by using transmission electron microscope. The more pronounced alterations in the hypodermis and mitochondria cells. They exhibited changes in all treated samples. The hypodermis was almost completely destroyed, and the mitochondria exhibited morphological alterations, represented by enlargement, matrix rarefaction and vacuolization of the mitochondria matrix, quantity of cristae reduced, and density electron matrix lessened. These AITC forms have potential as contact insecticides, and the ultra structural observations confirm the insecticidal efficiency of different AITC forms on P. rapae and P. xylostella.  相似文献   

18.
The culture supernatant of a strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil samples killed larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The metabolites produced by B. subtilis were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mortality rate was dose-dependent for all larval instars of A. aegypti. Log probit analysis (95% confidence level) revealed an LC50 of 1.73 and an LC90 3.71 μg/ml. Molecular weights/masses of B. subtilis metabolites were confirmed using SDS–PAGE analysis. B. subtilis metabolites were confirmed using HPLC analysis. We demonstrate that secondary metabolites from B. subtilis have larvicidal activity against A. aegypti and may be suitable for the control of this and other mosquito vectors of human disease. The larvae to the metabolites, significant reduction in the activities of acetylcholinesterse, α-carboxylesterase, and acid phosphatases were recorded.  相似文献   

19.
Properties of the phenoloxidase (PO) from adult of Gastrolina depressa Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as well as effects of some metal ions and inhibitors on the activity of PO purified by (NH4)2SO4 were determined. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme for the oxidation of catechol were determined to be at pH 7.5 and at 40 °C, respectively. The kinetic parameters for the oxidation of L-DOPA and catechol by the PO were 15.01 and 9.17 mM, respectively. The PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+, different to Mg2+ slightly. Both ascorbic acid and cysteine exhibited competitive inhibition and the inhibitory constants (Ki) were determined to be 2.22 mM and 0.40 mM, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
噻虫胺等药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的致毒效应   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  
为了明确新烟碱类药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒力,采用管测药膜法和药液定量滴加法测定了噻虫胺等6种药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊不同虫态的毒力,并研究了噻虫胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和辛硫磷亚致死浓度对其4龄幼虫生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪对成虫的击倒毒力均较高,分别是阿维菌素的5.75、3.86和3.51倍;6种药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵的毒力均较低;对2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力,均以噻虫胺最高,LC50分别为0.339 mg/L和1.020 mg/L,分别是阿维菌素的27.00倍和25.23倍。用噻虫胺亚致死剂量处理韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫,其发育历期和蛹期延长,蛹重、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率均降低。  相似文献   

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