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1.
一、引进优良的鹌鹑品种 优良的鹌鹑品种是决定其生产性能高低的重要因素之一。目前我国饲养的蛋鹌鹑品种主要有朝鲜龙城、隐性白羽和隐性黄羽3个品种,其中朝鲜龙城与隐性白羽的杂交子一代生产性能最高,出壳便可根据羽色鉴别雌雄,育雏期成活率98%以上,雏鹑出壳后35天开始产蛋,产蛋高峰期产蛋率可达98%。 相似文献
2.
一、遗传因素 遗传因素是决定鹌鹑产蛋率高低的重要因素之一。不同的鹌鹑品种,在相同时期的产蛋率也会有很大的差距。肉用型鹌鹑(如迪法克)在产蛋高峰期,产蛋率仅有70%,而同一时期的蛋鹌鹑品种(如朝鲜龙城、南农黄羽)产蛋率可达85%,白羽鹌鹑则高达95%～98%。所以,要根据不同的饲养目的,饲养不同的鹌鹑品种。 二、年龄与疾病对 产蛋率的影响 (一)年龄对产蛋率的影响 蛋鹌鹑一般35～40日龄开始产蛋,45日龄产蛋率可达 50%,65～70日龄便可达产蛋高峰,且产蛋持久性很强,12月龄前,产蛋率可一直保持在 80% 以上。 12… 相似文献
3.
将鹌鹑神丹黄羽系与鹌鹑南农黄羽系在相同饲养管理条件下,进行生长发育与产蛋性能对比试验,结果表明：神丹黄羽系鹌鹑初生重、35日龄体重、105日龄体重分别比南农黄羽系鹌鹑低。神丹黄羽系鹌鹑的开产日龄分别比南农黄羽系鹌鹑早2～3d。15周龄产蛋数多4．9枚;20周龄产蛋数多4．2枚,总产蛋数比南农黄羽系高5％以上。神丹黄羽系105日龄平均蛋重10．96g／枚,比南农黄羽系低0.3g／枚,符合蛋品加工的要求。 相似文献
4.
本研究对朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑及中国黄羽鹌鹑的部分蛋品质随着周龄的变化规律进行分析.结果表明,在8～13周龄时,3种蛋用鹌鹑的蛋长随周龄的增加而呈上升趋势,基本表现为朝鲜鹌鹑>北京白羽鹌鹑>中国黄羽鹌鹑,14～18周龄时蛋宽随周龄增长呈现平稳波动.3种蛋用鹌鹑的蛋黄高度随着周龄的增加总体呈波动下降的趋势.3种蛋用鹌鹑的... 相似文献
5.
鸡和鹌鹑形态上有很大差异 ,且鹌鹑精液在体外的存活时时间很短 ,大约 (12± 4 )min。为了深入地研究鸡与鹌鹑的属间杂交 ,研究通过鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交和鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交人工授精试验 ,对输入精液后每隔 1,4 ,7,9h解剖母禽观察其生殖道结构、电导率及其内分泌的酸碱度。结果表明 :鸡和鹌鹑生殖道分泌物 pH值、电导、长度都有很大差异。通过显微观察 ,鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交及鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交后 ,其精子在体内的存活时间长于 1h ,鹌鹑精液大大长于在体外的存活时间 ,精子能在 1h后到达漏斗部。 相似文献
6.
不同的鹌鹑品种,产蛋率会有很大的差距。肉用型鹌鹑(如迪法克)在产蛋高峰期,产蛋率仅有70%,而同一时期的蛋鹌鹑品种(如朝鲜龙城、南农黄羽)产蛋率可达85%,白羽鹌鹑则高达95%～98%。所以,要根据不同的饲养目的,饲养不同的优质鹌鹑品种。 相似文献
7.
为了比较黄羽鹌鹑、白羽鹌鹑、朝鲜鹌鹑3个品种母鹌鹑的体尺、体重是否存在差异,试验选择8周龄3个品种母鹌鹑各50只,在相同饲养条件下饲养,分别对8～15周龄时的胫长、胸宽、胸深、胸骨长、胫围、体斜长、体重等指标进行测定,并利用SPSS软件进行比较分析。结果表明:在8～10周龄时,3个品种母鹌鹑胫长、胸宽、胸深、胸骨长、体斜长、胫围差异较大。在8周龄时,朝鲜鹌鹑的胫长、胸宽、胸深、体斜长均显著大于黄羽鹌鹑和白羽鹌鹑(P0.05),朝鲜鹌鹑和黄羽鹌鹑胸骨长和胫围显著大于白羽鹌鹑(P0.05)。在11～15周龄时,3个品种母鹌鹑体尺指标差异越来越小。在8～15周龄时,除了8周龄时黄羽鹌鹑胫长最小、15周龄时黄羽鹌鹑胸宽最大外,胫长、胸宽、胸深这3个性状表现为朝鲜鹌鹑黄羽鹌鹑白羽鹌鹑;胸骨长表现为黄羽鹌鹑朝鲜鹌鹑白羽鹌鹑;朝鲜鹌鹑和黄羽鹌鹑体斜长大于白羽鹌鹑;3个品种母鹌鹑胫围差异较小。在13周龄时,朝鲜鹌鹑体重与黄羽鹌鹑相比差异不显著(P0.05),而朝鲜鹌鹑、黄羽鹌鹑体重均显著大于白羽鹌鹑(P0.05);在8～12周龄和14,15周龄时,3个品种母鹌鹑体重差异均显著(P0.05),且朝鲜鹌鹑黄羽鹌鹑白羽鹌鹑。在相同试验条件下,朝鲜鹌鹑的生长发育最快,黄羽鹌鹑次之,白羽鹌鹑生长发育最慢。 相似文献
8.
本研究对朝鲜鹌鹑、北京白羽鹌鹑及中国黄羽鹌鹑的蛋品质随着周龄(8~18周龄)的变化规律进行分析,结果表明,3种蛋用鹌鹑的蛋重和蛋黄重在8~13周龄时,随周龄的上升而呈上升趋势,基本表现为朝鲜鹌鹑>北京白羽鹌鹑>中国黄羽鹌鹑,14~18周龄时蛋重随周龄增长呈现平稳波动。3种蛋用鹌鹑的蛋黄指数和蛋白高度随着周龄的增加总体呈波动下降的趋势。3种蛋用鹌鹑的蛋型指数和蛋壳厚度随着周龄的递增无明显变化。本研究还表明,朝鲜鹌鹑在蛋重、蛋黄重和蛋壳厚度上具有一定的优势,说明其蛋品质优于其他2个品种。 相似文献
9.
朝鲜龙城系蛋用鹌鹑已分化出 3种毛色 :即龙城栗羽 ,北京白羽和黄羽。试验证明 ,3种羽色白均为伴性遗传并且存在如下关系 :白♂×栗♀→F1 栗♂白♀ ;黄♂×栗♀→F1 栗♂黄♀ ,后代均自别雌雄 ,而黄♂ (♀ )×白♀ (♂ )正反交 ,后代均能自别雌雄 ,黄♂×白♀→F1为栗♂黄♀ ;白♂×黄♀→F1 为栗♂白♀ ,试验进一步表明 :栗 (Y)和黄 (y) 在Z染色体上是一对等位基因 ,栗相对于黄为显性 :白羽是由位于Z染色体上的隐性白化基因b对Y或y上位作用所致。栗和黄两种鹌鹑的Z染色体上均有b的不白化等位基因B ,B相对于b为显性 相似文献
10.
21世纪鹌鹑养殖将成为我国养禽业的第二大板块。我国对蛋用鹌鹑自别雌雄配套系的研究始终处于世界领先水平。朝鲜龙城系 (栗羽 )鹌鹑生长发育快、产蛋率高,目前已成为我国蛋鹑业生产的当家品种。在朝鲜龙城系 (栗羽 )引入后,我国先后分离、培育了中国白羽系鹌鹑和中国黄羽系鹌鹑,其生产性能和生活力均与朝鲜龙城系相当。研究证实,白羽和黄羽对于龙城系栗羽均为隐性,且遵循伴性遗传规律。白羽系、黄羽系和龙城系不仅可相互组成自别雌雄配套系,而且白羽系、黄羽系和龙城系三元杂交也可自别雌雄。目前,这些配套系在生产上都有一定的推广… 相似文献
11.
采用2 × 5因子试验设计[新城疫(ND)免疫分为免疫组和未免疫组,铅中毒按饮水中的醋酸铅浓度分为0 mg/kg,50 mg/kg,500 mg/kg,1 000 mg/kg和2 000 mg/kg],将90只14日龄鹌鹑随机分配到各个试验组中,实行自由饮水和采食,研究铅中毒和新城疫免疫对黄羽鹌鹑免疫功能的影响.结果表明,ND免疫对注射植物血球凝集素(PHA)10 h后的PHA指数无显著影响(P>0.05),但铅中毒可降低PHA指数(P<0.01);铅中毒对试验4周后(6周龄)鹌鹑的新城疫抗体效价无显著影响(P>0.05);NO免疫和铅中毒对试验5周(7周龄)鹌鹑法氏囊指数无显著影响(P>0.05);ND免疫对脾脏指数无显著影响(P>0.05),但铅中毒能显著降低脾脏指数(P<0.05),其中以1 000 mg/kg组脾脏指数最低. 相似文献
12.
An increasing number and variety of quail are being kept for food production, experimental use, release on hunting preserves, preservation of endangered species, zoological display, and as companion birds. Quail are susceptible to a variety of noninfectious, infectious, and parasitic diseases. Because they are related to chickens and turkeys, many of the diseases in quail are similar to those in poultry. In this article, the diagnostic characteristics of diseases affecting quail are presented along with information on their prevention, control, and treatment. 相似文献
13.
近年来,鹌鹑养殖业正在不断扩大,但鹌鹑品种质量却有不同程度退化,我国目前大多种鹌鹑场对种鹌鹑的选种、选育工作并未引起重视,甚至一些所谓的种鹌鹑场将商品鹌鹑所产的的蛋当做种鹌鹑蛋来孵化,使鹌鹑的产蛋率和存活率大幅度下降,降低了养殖者的经济效益。本文主要从种鹌鹑的选种标准、时间、外貌选择、表型选择、蛋选、苗选、生产力鉴定、系谱鉴定、后裔鉴定、综合鉴定等方面进行阐述,以期使种鹌鹑场管理人员能在生产中重视鹌鹑的选种工作。 相似文献
14.
我们现在饲养的鹌鹑是由野生鹌鹑驯化而来的，野生鹑一般年产蛋７～１２枚，而家鹑年产蛋２８０～３００枚。鹑蛋和鹑肉历来是食中珍品，有“动物人参”之美称。饲养鹌鹑有着比鸡更高的经济效益和广阔的发展前景。１鹌鹑的特性１．１一只１５０g重的母鹑年产蛋３００枚左右，年平均产蛋率８０％以上，家鹑在产蛋过程中不孵卵，不换羽，不停产。１．２从孵化到出壳只要１６～１７d，出壳后４０d左右开始产蛋。１．３室温控制在２０℃左右最为适宜。室温如低于１０℃或高于３０℃时，产蛋率下降。１．４每只产蛋鹑年耗料７kg左右，蛋料比１：… 相似文献
15.
A flock of 5000 six-week-old bobwhite quails (Colinus virginianus) experienced high mortality (52%) over a 2-day period. Mortality was 99% within a 6-day period. Clinical signs were depression followed shortly by death. Gross lesions observed in dead quails were congested lungs and, in a few cases, mottled livers. Histopathologic examination revealed severe, diffuse, heterophilic interstitial pneumonia and multifocal areas of hepatic and splenic necrosis with numerous intracellular and extracellular short bacterial rods. Serotype 3, 4, 15, 16, Pasteurella multocida, isolated from the index case, caused 50% mortality in experimentally inoculated bobwhite quails within 9 to 24 hours. This report indicates that pasteurellosis can cause peracute disease in bobwhite quails with very high mortality. 相似文献
16.
Young quails kept in wire-floored cages experienced high mortality, beginning at age 5 days, from diarrhea that was unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. At necropsy, the small intestine had clear fluid content and the cecum was distended by brown foamy fluid. Histopathologic findings in the small intestine were shortened villi with detached enterocytes at the tip. Cryptosporidium sp. (confirmed by electron microscopy) were numerous in the microvillous border. Neither bacterial nor viral pathogens were detected. No infection was established in day-old chickens gavaged with feces and intestinal contents from infected quails. Thorough cleansing of the cages followed by application of commercial bleach prevented recurrence. 相似文献
17.
1. An experiment was carried out with laying Japanese quail to study the influence of age on their egg quality. 2. Egg, yolk, albumen and shell plus membrane weights increased, whereas the egg shape, specific gravity and shell thickness decreased between 49 and 154 days of age. 3. Yolk, albumen and shell plus membrane comprised 32–59%, 53–57% and 7–80%, respectively of the total egg weight. 4. Regression between the quail's age and the characteristics of eggs were derived and correlation coefficients ranged from —0–42 to — 0–86. The albumen weight was more highly correlated with egg weight than yolk weight. 5. Relationships were also derived between egg shape and specific gravity, and egg shape and albumen weight. 6. It was concluded that the eggs’ characteristics were modified as the quails aged, and the best criterion of the shell's strength was the egg shape. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether fertilisation of Bobwhite quail could be secured by artificial insemination. After this proved to be feasible, the period between insemination and the onset of laying fertile eggs, the time during which fertile eggs were laid and levels of fertility and hatchability of eggs obtained from hens inseminated at weekly intervals over an extended period of time were determined. Semen was collected from Bobwhite quail males by simultaneously applying pressure to both the left and right sides of the vent without prior stimulation. Upon collection, the semen was diluted with 0.9 per cent saline solution to prevent dehydration. Semen volume measurements were made with a tuberculin syringe to which was attached a piece of graduated, fine‐bore plastic tubing. Females were artificially inseminated by placing the diluted semen in the posterior opening of the everted oviduct. Mean duration of fertility of the eggs from six trials, two of which utilised only a single insemination, one of which was the final insemination of a series of weekly inseminations and three of which utilised two inseminations within a period of 24 hr, was 9.3 days. Percentage fertility of eggs improved considerably after the first trial probably due to improvement of technique and gain in experience. Average fertility of eggs for the six trials was 64–9 per cent. The average time interval between insemination and the appearance of the first fertile egg was 3.4 days. Peak fertility was reached by the fourth day following insemination. Fertility of eggs averaged 62.2 ±3.5 per cent and their hatchability averaged 77.2 ±1.4 per cent over a period of 31 weekly inseminations. These values were comparable to 60.2 per cent fertility and 78.9 per cent hatchability which were obtained from natural matings. 相似文献
19.
鹌鹑是一种最经济家禽,食用性很强,具有生长快、成熟早、繁殖力强、容易饲养等特点。鹌鹑蛋营养丰富、蛋白质含量高、胆固醇含量低,鹌鹑肉细嫩、氨基酸丰富,并且具有很多的药用价值,是国内一致公认的珍贵食品和滋补品,具有“动物人参”之称。近几年来,鹌鹑养殖在我国发展迅速,饲养量逐年上升,但各地饲养水平参差不齐,尤其是养殖技术与疫病防治技术有待进一步提高。笔者根据多年养殖经验并参考大量文献资料,将鹌鹑的养殖与疫病防治技术加以总结。 相似文献
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