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1.
A series of in-vitro experiments was performed utilizing the ability of bovine peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to induce lysis of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), in an antibody-independent natural-killer(NK)-cell cytotoxic assay. The effects of dexamethasone (dexamethasone sodium phosphate), betamethasone (betamethasone sodium phosphate), flunixin (flunixin meglumine) and phenylbutazone on this NK cytolysis were studied using concentrations of the drugs ranging from well below to well above those normally attained in plasma at recommended therapeutic doses. All four drugs inhibited NK activity. For each agent a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) required to inhibit NK activity by approximately 50% was calculated. For dexamethasone, betamethasone and flunixin the MIC50 was lower after a 24-h pre-incubation of PBMC with each drug, although a marked inhibition was seen when the drug was only present during the 5-h NK assay itself. In contrast the MIC50 for phenylbutazone rose after a 24-h pre-incubation with PBMC.  相似文献   

2.
Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) was used for immunotherapy to bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-positive cattle with enlarged subcutaneous lymphatic nodules. Electron microscopical observations showed the infiltration of macrophage and T cells around N-CWS treated lesions. Antitumor effect induced by N-CWS was examined in vitro. The maximum cytolytic activity of macrophage was observed, when the cells were incubated with 10 micrograms/ml of N-CWS. Chemiluminescence response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using N-CWS as stimulant was observed with a high level of activity for a long period, 5 hr. Mitogenic effect of N-CWS to PBMC was observed in the presence of macrophages but not without macrophages. Furthermore, interleukin 2 activity was recognized in supernatant of PBMC cultured with N-CWS. Maximum cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was induced when PBMC were cultured with 0.1 micrograms/ml of N-CWS.  相似文献   

3.
Lymphokine-supplemented long-term cultured bovine lymph node lymphocytes were characterized functionally and phenotypically. Lymphocytes from a normal and a malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus-infected animal were maintained without the addition of antigen or feeder cells. Lymphocyte cell lines obtained from both animals: (i) killed allogeneic fibroblasts and allogeneic and xenogeneic cultured tumor cell lines as measured in a 4-h 51Cr release assay, (ii) expressed the same T cell subset marker based on flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies, and (iii) produced a lytic factor upon stimulation. In contrast, only cells from the MCF virus-infected animal could be maintained for more than 5 months supplemented with 2% Con A-generated lymphokine-containing supernatant. These results suggest that herpesvirus infection enhanced the proliferative capabilities of the cultured lymphocytes from the infected animal. Considering the proliferative and cytotoxic activity together with the T cell phenotype, these data indicated that effector cells are lymphokine-activated killer cells.  相似文献   

4.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from calves infected with and hyperimmunized to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) were stimulated in vitro with viral antigens to evaluate their cytotoxicity for a variety of cells. The 51-Cr release assay was used to measure cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was not present in fresh nonstimulated cells, but was detected in cultured, IBRV-stimulated cells at day 3, was maximal at day 7, and declined thereafter. PBMC stimulated in vitro with IBRV expressed a preference for killing IBRV-infected cells compared to pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected cells. IBRV-infected, but not PRV-infected, cold target cells inhibited lysis of IBRV-labeled target cells. High concentrations of IBRV hyperimmune serum partially blocked cytotoxicity. Cells expressing a viral preference for cytotoxicity showed no preference for lysis of autologous compared to heterologous bovine cells. PBMC from calves that were either IBRV-immune or not immune were cultured without IBRV stimulation and had similar levels of cytotoxicity for IBRV-infected cells as cells from IBRV-infected cattle.  相似文献   

5.
Regulation of the bovine immune response to immunization with Brucella abortus Strain 19 (S19) was investigated through application of a modification of an assay to measure suppressor T lymphocyte activities in humans and through development and characterization of antigen-stimulated T lymphocyte lines in vitro. A total of nine of steers were alloted into two groups: control (n = 4) and S19-immunized (n = 5). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from each animal were cultured in vitro with mitogens (concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM], B. abortus antigens (B. abortus soluble antigen (BASA) and whole heat-killed B. abortus cells (HKC)) and media alone periodically from days 4 through 49 of the experiment. Supernates from these cultures were assayed for immunomodulatory activity(s) by addition to indicator cultures stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of Con A. Supernates from PBMC of S19-immunized steers generated with B. abortus antigens significantly (P less than 0.05) suppressed indicator cell responses as compared to those from control steers on days 35 and 49 post-immunization. This suppressive activity from PBMC of immunized cattle with respect to that of control cattle could also be induced through mitogenic stimulation with Con A or PWM. On day 49 of the study, suppressive activity was spontaneously released from the PBMC of immunized cattle. T lymphocyte lines were initiated from two S19-immunized steers at 2 and 9 weeks post-immunization. These T cell lines were characterized with respect to proliferative responses to B. abortus antigens through in vitro assay and surface marker expression through indirect immunofluorescence with a limited panel of monoclonal antibodies. Results from the present study indicated that S19 immunization induces a subpopulation(s) of cells in the PBMC of cattle capable of regulating the in vitro response to B. abortus. This regulatory activity is detectable by in vitro assay as early as 7 weeks post-immunization. Furthermore, the regulatory cell(s) appear to involve BoCD8+ T, lymphocytes which are specific for B. abortus antigens.  相似文献   

6.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against mouse P815 cells were detected after stimulation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with irradiated Balb/c splenocytes. In vivo priming prior to in vitro stimulation slightly enhanced CTL activity, but lysis of targets was undetectable from lymphocytes from non-immune or immune animals that were not cultured with mouse splenocytes. After primary culture with Balb/c (H-2d) splenocytes, specific killing of P815 (H-2d) targets and not L929 (H-2k) targets indicated that recognition was specific for the H-2 locus. Similarly, CTL primed by mouse cells from either of two congenic strains recognized targets with alleles homologous to the stimulating cells. The anti-murine CTL was confirmed to be a CD8+ T cell based on studies using specific monoclonal antibodies to the porcine CD4 or CD8 cells. The cells responsible for the cytotoxicity of P815 targets lacked the characteristics of non-specific NK cells because (1) naive PBMC were unable to lyse NK targets (K562 cells) during the 4 h cytotoxic assay and (2) CTL killing of P815 targets increased with time after primary stimulation, whereas killing of K562 cells remained low at all times. These results suggest that porcine CTL can be readily generated against the xenogeneic mouse major histocompatibility complex.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of this research project was to evaluate the antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to a multivalent vaccine containing killed bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2. Twenty castrated male crossbred beef cattle (350-420kg body weight) seronegative to BVDV were randomly divided into two groups of 10 each. Group 1 served as negative mock-vaccinated control. Group 2 was vaccinated subcutaneously twice, 3 weeks apart, with modified live bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza 3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus diluted in diluent containing killed BVDV type 1 (strain 5960) and type 2 (strain 53637) in an adjuvant containing Quil A, Amphigen, and cholesterol. Serum samples were collected from all cattle at days -21, 0, and days 21, 28, 35, 56 and 70 post-vaccination. Standard serum virus neutralization tests were performed with BVDV type 1 (strain 5960) and type 2 (strain 125C). Anticoagulated blood samples were collected at day 0, and days 28, 35, 56 and 70 post-vaccination. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, stimulated with live BVDV type 1 (strain TGAN) and type 2 (strain 890) and cultured in vitro for 4 days. Supernatants of cultured cells were collected and saved for interferon gamma (IFNgamma) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four-color flow cytometry was performed to stain and identify cultured PBMC for three T cell surface markers (CD4, CD8, and gammadelta TCR) and to detect the activation marker CD25 (alpha chain of IL-2 receptor) expression. The net increase in %CD25+ cells (Delta%CD25+) of each T cell subset of individual cattle was calculated. The results of all post-vaccination weeks of each animal were plotted and the areas under the curve of each T cell subset were statistically analyzed and compared between groups. The mean area under the curve of the Delta%CD25+ data for days 0-70 of all subsets, except CD4-CD8+gammadelta TCR- (cytotoxic) T cell subset of both BVDV types 1 and 2 stimulated cells, of the vaccinated group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). IFNgamma production by PBMC from the vaccinated group showed significantly higher results (P<0.05) than the control group in the BVDV types 1 and 2 stimulated cells for at least some time points after vaccination. The vaccinated group also had significantly (P<0.0001) higher neutralizing antibody titers than the control group from day 28 onward.  相似文献   

8.
The in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with interleukin 2 (IL-2) results in the development of potent cytotoxic effector cells, referred to as lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. LAK cells are capable of lysing a wide variety of autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic tumor cells. The exact mechanism of target cell recognition by LAK cells remains unknown. LAK cell activity has been reported for a variety of domesticated species except the horse. We report here that IL-2-stimulated equine PBMC, which fail to lyse either human or murine tumor cell lines, exhibit potent cytolytic activity against an equine tumor cell line, EqT8888. Cytolytic activity against the EqT8888 cells required 3 days of incubation with IL-2, was mediated primarily by T-cells, and was not restricted by major histocompatibility complex antigens. Though LAK activity could only be demonstrated using equine-derived target cells, xenogeneic targets could be lysed in a lectin-mediated cytotoxicity assay. The xenogeneic targets also failed to block LAK cell-killing of the EqT8888 cells in a cold-target competition assay. These results indicate that LAK cells in the horse appear to utilize a species-specific recognition mechanism during target cell lysis.  相似文献   

9.
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of FSH and LH on oestradiol‐17β and progesterone production by buffalo granulosa cells cultured under serum‐free conditions. Granulosa cells (3 × 105) from small (≤5 mm diameter) follicles were cultured for up to 4 days in 48‐well plates coated with 3.3 μg/cm2 fibronectin in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) : nutrient mixture F‐12 Ham (1 : 1 ratio) supplemented with 10?7 m androstenedione, 5 μg/ml human apo‐transferrin and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, in the presence or absence of FSH or LH (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 ng/ml each). Basal oestradiol‐17β production by granulosa cells from small follicles reduced (p < 0.01) from days 1 to 2 of culture and became undetectable by day 3 and basal progesterone production increased (p < 0.05) from day 1 through day 4 of the culture. Although there was no effect of FSH on day 1 of the culture, FSH at 2, 4, 8 and 16 ng/ml increased (p < 0.05) oestradiol‐17β production by granulosa cells from small follicles on day 2. Progesterone secretion was increased (p < 0.05) by all doses of FSH on all days of culture. All doses of LH had no effect on oestradiol‐17β or progesterone production by granulosa cells from small follicles on any day of the culture. The results of this study demonstrate a serum‐free culture system for buffalo granulosa cells and stimulatory effect of FSH but not LH on steroid hormone production by buffalo granulosa cells under these conditions.  相似文献   

10.
Neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are considered activation markers on human lymphocytes, which are fundamental for studying the immune system. For cattle, only a limited number of activation markers has yet been identified. We recently showed that Shiga toxin 1, known to use globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3) syn. CD77) as a cellular receptor, depresses proliferation of activated bovine lymphocytes [Infect. Immunol. 67 (1999b) 2209]. In order to confirm the expression of Gb(3)/CD77 on bovine lymphocytes, we flowcytometrically examined a bovine B-lymphoma cell line (BL-3) and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after mitogenic stimulation and biochemically characterized neutral GSLs extracted from PBMC. CD77 was detected on the surface of BL-3 cells and cultured PBMC essentially after mitogenic stimulation. Although expressed by all PBMC subpopulations identified, the portion of CD7+ cells was highest for BoCD8+ cells, followed by B-cells and BoCD4+ cells at day 4 of cultivation. Ceramide trihexoside of stimulated PBMC was structurally determined as Gal(alpha1-4)Gal(1-4)Glc(1-1)ceramide (Gb(3)). Biochemically, Gb(3) was also detected within unstimulated PBMC which contained ceramide monohexoside (CMH) and Gb(3) in a ratio of about 4:1. However, stimulation induced an increase of CMH and Gb(3) by a factor of 2.5 and 10, respectively, implicating that bovine lymphocytes regulate surface expression of Gb(3)/CD77 predominantly by quantitative changes in the Gb(3) metabolism. This report presents Gb(3)/CD77 as the first GSL identified on bovine immune cells and highly recommends this activation dependent antigen as a useful tool to investigate lymphocyte activation within the bovine immune system.  相似文献   

11.
NK cells are non-T, non-B lymphocytes that kill target cells without previous activation. The immunophenotype and function of these cells in humans and mice are well defined, but canine NK cells remain incompletely characterized. Our objectives were to isolate and culture canine peripheral blood NK cells, and to define their immunophenotype and killing capability. PBMC were obtained from healthy dogs and T cells were depleted by immunomagnetic separation. The residual cells were cultured in media supplemented with IL-2, IL-15 or both, or with mouse embryonic liver (EL) feeder cells. Non-T, non-B lymphocytes survived and expanded in these cultures. IL-2 was necessary and sufficient for survival; the addition of IL-15 was necessary for expansion, but IL-15 alone did not support survival. Culture with EL cells and IL-2 also fostered survival and expansion. The non-T, non-B lymphocytes uniformly expressed CD45, MHC I, and showed significant cytotoxic activity against CTAC targets. Expression of MHC II, CD11/18 was restricted to subsets of these cells. The data show that cells meeting the criteria for NK cells in other species, i.e., non-T, non-B lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity, can be expanded from canine PBMC by T-cell depletion and culture with cytokines or feeder cells.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of vitamin A deficiency on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was investigated during the acute phase of disease 7 days after primary inoculation and 1 day after secondary inoculation in chickens with or without Newcastle disease virus (NDV, La Sota strain) infection. Day-old chickens with limited vitamin A reserves were fed purified diets containing either marginal (ad libitum) or adequate (pair-fed) levels of vitamin A, and at 3 weeks of age half of the chickens in each group were infected with NDV. Cytotoxic activity was investigated during the acute phase of disease (7 days after primary inoculation) and 1 day after secondary inoculation, in an assay system with either peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or nonadherent splenocytes as effector cells and adherent splenocytes from the same animal as target cells. After primary inoculation, cytotoxic activity could only be demonstrated in nonadherent splenocytes. Vitamin A deficiency resulted in significantly reduced CTL activity at all effector/target cell ratios tested. After reinfection CTL activity could also be demonstrated in PBL, but only from chickens fed the control diet, suggesting a diminished pool of CTL in vitamin A deficiency. The results of this study indicate that vitamin A deficiency impairs CTL activity - a part of the cell-mediated defense system - and this may have important implications for recovery from viral infection.  相似文献   

13.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that are expected to be therapeutic agents for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we generated DCs of sufficient number for DC-based immunotherapy from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in dogs. PBMC were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). On day 6, large adherent cells with dendrite-like projections were seen, and the number of these large cells with projections increased on day 8. These cells were positive for esterase staining. They expressed MHC class II, CD11b, CD8 and weakly CD4 on their surface. They tended to make contact with lymphocytes under culture conditions. We obtained about 2-5 x 10(6) of DCs from 10 ml of peripheral blood. These DCs phagocytosed HEK-293 cells by overnight co-culturing. These cells generated from PBMC are possible canine DCs and are applicable to clinical trials of DC-based whole tumor cell immunotherapy in dogs.  相似文献   

14.
Lymphocytes, cytotoxic to virus-infected target cells, were induced in pigs orally exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. They were studied and experiments were carried out by using autochthonous testicle cells as target cells to avoid genetic incompatibility of effector lymphocytes and target cells. Cytotoxic lymphocytes were demonstrated in Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and peripheral blood on postinoculation day (PID) 7. Cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes increased thereafter and reached the maximal amount at PID 21. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity was somewhat greater in lymphocytes of peripheral blood and spleen than in those of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes after PID 14. On the contrary, lymphocyte reactivity to the viral antigen measured by lymphocyte proliferative assay was higher in Peyer's patch and mesenteric lymph node cells than in peripheral blood and splenic cells. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity was depressed by treating effector cells with anti-porcine thymocyte serum and complement. However, lymphocyte suspensions treated with anti-porcine thymocyte serum and complement were still cytotoxic to some extent against virus-infected target cells, although T lymphocytes were completely excluded by the treatment. This suggests that cytotoxic mechanism other than the direct action of cytotoxic T lymphocytes may be involved in the cytotoxicity assay systems used in the present studies. In experiments in which allogenic cells (testicle cells of siblings) were used together with autochthonous cells as targets, lymphocyte cytotoxicity was equally expressed against both autochthonous and allogenic target cells in 2 of 3 experiments. However, lymphocyte cytotoxicity was greater against autochthonous cells than against allogenic target cells in 1 of 3 experiments.  相似文献   

15.
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are a subset of cytotoxic cells capable of lysing freshly isolated tumor cells. While LAK activity is typically measured using the (51)Cr-release assay, here we used a non-radioactive flow cytometric method to demonstrate equine LAK activity. Equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro with recombinant human interleukin 2 (hIL-2) to generate LAK cells. An equine tumor cell line, EqT8888, labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) was used as target cells. Following incubation of the targets with different concentrations of LAK cells, Annexin V was added to identify the early apoptotic cells. With increasing effector to target cell ratios, EqT8888 apoptosis was increased. We also measured interferon-gamma, granzyme B and perforin mRNA expression in the LAK cell cultures as possible surrogate markers for cytotoxic cell activity and found granzyme B mRNA expression correlated best with LAK activity. Also, we found that the reduced LAK activity of young horses was associated with decreased granzyme B mRNA expression. Our results indicate that fluorescence-based detection of LAK cell activity provides a suitable non-radioactive alternative to (51)Cr-release assays and mRNA expression of granzyme B can be used as surrogate marker for these cytotoxic cells.  相似文献   

16.
In these studies, the effects of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rHuIL-2) were examined on in vitro tumor cytotoxicity by canine blood lymphocytes obtained from peripheral vessels through use of a chromium release microcytotoxicity assay. Cytotoxic activity by lymphokine-activated killer cells was significantly increased, compared with that by untreated lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect was attained with 300,000 IU of rHuIL-2/ml. Lymphokine-activated killing also was dependent on the duration of incubation with rHuIL-2. After 1 day of rHuIL-2 incubation, cytotoxicity was significantly increased, compared with that of untreated lymphocytes. Of the 3 times examined, cytotoxicity peaked after 3 days of rHuIL-2 incubation. High levels of cytotoxic activity were still present at 7 days of incubation. Numbers of granular lymphocytes increased over the times examined. These results demonstrate functional and morphologic changes in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from peripheral vessels after incubation with rHuIL-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner.  相似文献   

17.
A novel biological activity of human recombinant interleukin-12 (rhIL-12) on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was investigated in vitro. Canine PBMC were cultured in the presence or absence of rhIL-12 for 3 days. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by opsonized-zymosan (OZ) was then measured by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescense assay and demonstrated that the ROS production was enhanced after culture with rhIL-12. A nitro blue tetrazolium test and flowcytometry analysis revealed that canine lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes were capable of ROS production, but that monocytes had the highest capacity. These results suggest that rhIL-12 enhances ROS production from canine monocytes.  相似文献   

18.
In this study we measured protein concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2-5 in porcine corpora lutea (CLs) throughout the estrous cycle (Experiment 1), and examined the effects of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3 antibody (AB) on luteal progesterone (P4) secretion in vitro (Experiment 2). For Experiment 1, (CLs) and serum were collected on days (D) 4, 7, 10, 13, 15 and 16 of the estrous cycle (n = 5 animals per day). IGF-I was extracted from CLs and sera, and measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). IGFBPs were measured in CLs by ligand blots. For Experiment 2, CLs (from Experiment 1) were enzyme dissociated and luteal cells cultured (24 h) in Medium 199 (M199) containing (0-500 ng/ml) IGFBP-3 (+/-IGF-I; 100 ng/ml), or (0-10 microg/ml) IGFBP-3 AB. P4 in media was measured by RIA. In Experiment 1, luteal IGF-I concentrations (ng/g tissue) were maximal on day 4 and gradually decreased thereafter. Serum IGF-I concentrations (ng/ml) were highest on days 4 and 7, compared with days 10-15. Peak levels of luteal IGFBP-3 were also seen on days 4 and 7 of the cycle. Luteal IGFBP-2 concentrations showed a tendency to increase on day 16 (P < 0.05 versus day 10), but no significant changes in IGFBP-4 or -5 were seen. In Experiment 2, IGFBP-3 (w IGF) inhibited the steroidogenic actions of IGF-I, but had no significant actions alone (IGFBP-3 w/o IGF). Finally, IGFBP-3 AB stimulated P4 secretion on days 4 and 7, but not on days 10-16. We conclude that IGFBP-3 inhibits IGF-I actions in the porcine CL.  相似文献   

19.
Two experiments were conducted to study the cell-mediated cytotoxicity of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from chickens inoculated with Marek's disease virus (MDV) against a Marek's disease-derived lymphoblastoid cell line (MSB-1) and to associate the cytotoxicity with incidence of disease. In experiment I, moderately susceptible random-bred, specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated with MDV (group 1), vaccinated with a herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and inoculated with MDV (group 2), vaccinated with HVT and inoculated with chicken kidney cells (CKC; group 3), and inoculated with CKC only (group 4). Cytotoxic activity in the PBL was detected initially during the first week after MDV inoculation and periodically throughout the observation period (groups 1, 2, and 3). Throughout the observation period, the magnitude of cytotoxic activity was similar in PBL from groups 1 and 2 chickens. The PBL from both surviving and fatally infected chickens (groups 1 and 2) were similarly cytotoxic when sampled during the first 16 days after MDV inoculation. In experiment II, inbred genetically susceptible (line 7) and resistant (line 6) chickens were used. Cytotoxic activity of PBL of significantly greater magnitude was associated with a lower mortality or incidence of gross lesions (or both) in MDV-inoculated line 6 (group B) and HVT-vaccinated and MDV-inoculated line 7 (group C) chickens compared with activity of PBL from MDV-inoculated line 7 (group A) chickens. The cytotoxic activity of PBL from individual inbred chickens did not correlate with the outcome of the infection.  相似文献   

20.
Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant carotenoid and may play a role in modulating immune response in cats. Blood was taken from female domestic shorthair cats (8-9 mo old; 3.2 ± 0.04 kg body weight) fed 0, 1, 5 or 10mg astaxanthin daily for 12 wk to assess peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation response, leukocyte subpopulations, natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic activity, and plasma IgG and IgM concentration. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against concanavalin A and an attenuated polyvalent vaccine was assessed on wk 8 (prior to vaccination) and 12 (post-vaccination). There was a dose-related increase in plasma astaxanthin concentrations, with maximum concentrations observed on wk 12. Dietary astaxanthin enhanced DTH response to both the specific (vaccine) and nonspecific (concanavalin A) antigens. In addition, cats fed astaxanthin had heightened PBMC proliferation and NK cell cytotoxic activity. The population of CD3(+) total T and CD4(+) T helper cells were also higher in astaxanthin-fed cats; however, no treatment difference was found with the CD8(+) T cytotoxic and MHC II(+) activated lymphocyte cell populations. Dietary astaxanthin increased concentrations of plasma IgG and IgM. Therefore, dietary astaxanthin heightened cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in cats.  相似文献   

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