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3种棒果芥属植物生物量分配及异速生长分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
类短命植物是准噶尔荒漠早春草本植物类群的重要而独特的组成部分,研究其生物量分配和异速生长关系,有助于深入了解类短命植物的生存策略与生态功能。以棒果芥（ Sterigmostemum tomentosum ）、福海棒果芥（ S ． fuhaiense ）和黄花棒果芥（ S ． sulfureum ）为研究对象,采用挖掘法获取野外成株全株生物量,对三者的器官生物量、分配比例及异速生长关系进行了对比分析。结果表明,3种植物器官生物量及其分配比例均差异明显。福海棒果芥生物量最大,但根冠比（R／S）和叶冠比（L／S）最小;棒果芥生物量最小,但L／S最大;黄花棒果芥则具有最大的R／S。棒果芥和黄花棒果芥的根冠比（R／S）均随个体的增大而显著下降,表明二者地上（AGB）与地下生物量（BGB）分配受到个体大小的强烈影响。福海棒果芥AGB－BGB间为等速生长关系（幂指数α＝1）,而另外2种均为异速生长关系;棒果芥、福海棒果芥的叶生物量（LB）与AGB间为等速生长关系,而黄花棒果芥符合异速生长关系（α＜1）;3个物种的LB－BGB间具有共同的异速生长指数（0．816）,表现出强烈的功能趋同性。总之,3个物种间的生物量分配及异速生长关系没有一致规律,但体现了类短命植物生物量分配的特点。 相似文献
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Lianlian FAN 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):729-739
Biomass allocation patterns among plant species are related to their adaptive ecological strategies. Ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plant life forms represent three typical growth strategies of plants that grow in autumn and early spring in the cold deserts of China. These plants play an important role in reducing wind velocity in the desert areas. However, despite numerous studies, the strategies of biomass allocation among plant species with these three life forms remain contentious. In this study, we conducted a preliminary quadrat study during 2014-2016 in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, to investigate the allocation patterns of above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) at the individual level in 17 ephemeral, 3 ephemeroid and 4 annual plant species. Since ephemeral plants can germinate in autumn, we also compared biomass allocation patterns between plants that germinated in autumn 2015 and spring 2016 for 4 common ephemeral species. The healthy mature individual plants of each species were sampled and the AGB, BGB, total biomass (TB), leaf mass ratio (LMR) and root/shoot ratio (R/S) were calculated for 201 sample quadrats in the study area. We also studied the relationships between AGB and BGB of plants with the three different life forms (ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual). The mean AGB values of ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plants were 0.806, 3.759 and 1.546 g/plant, respectively, and the mean BGB values were 0.106, 4.996 and 0.166 g/plant, respectively. The mean R/S value was significantly higher in ephemeroid plants (1.675) than in ephemeral (0.154) and annual (0.147) plants. The mean LMR was the highest in annual plants, followed by ephemeroid plants and ephemeral plants, reflecting the fact that annual plants allocate more biomass to leaves, associated with their longer life span. Biomass of ephemeral plants that germinated in autumn was significantly higher than those of corresponding plants that germinated in spring in terms of AGB, BGB and TB. However, the R/S value was similar in plants that germinated in autumn and spring. The slope of regression relationship between AGB and BGB differed significantly among the three plant life forms. These results support different biomass allocation hypotheses. Specifically, at the individual level, the AGB and BGB partitioning supports the allometric hypothesis for ephemeroid and annual plants and the isometric hypothesis for ephemeral plants. 相似文献
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ROBERT LESKOVŠEK AVISHEK DATTA STEVAN Z. KNEZEVIC ANDREJ SIMONČIČ 《Weed Biology and Management》2012,12(2):98-108
Dry matter partitioning and allocation is a major determinant of plant growth and its competitiveness. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is a troublesome agronomic weed species and it is also a major health concern in Europe and many other countries because of its rapid spreading and production of allergenic pollen. A field experiment was conducted in 2009 to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 100, and 200 kg ha?1) and plant density levels (1.3, 6.6, and 13.2 plants per m2) on the leaf, stem dry matter partitioning, and dry matter allocation of ragweed. With an increasing density, the stem partitioning coefficient increased, whereas the leaf partitioning coefficient decreased. The addition of nitrogen had a limited effect on the leaf and stem dry matter partitioning. The root dry matter production decreased with an increasing density and was not influenced by the addition of nitrogen. Under intraspecific competition, ragweed exhibited a stronger above‐ground competition intensity than below the ground, which resulted in a greater root : shoot ratio, compared to the low‐density stands. The level of nitrogen influenced the vertical leaf, stem, and total dry matter distribution, with a greater allocation to the top stratum of the plants, thus increasing their competition for light. The biomass allocation of ragweed to the roots in response to the nitrogen supply exhibited a low plasticity, compared to the shoots, which displayed a high plasticity. The results of this study suggested that, under intraspecific conditions and with an increasing nitrogen supply, ragweed would be more competitive in above‐ground resource acquisition. 相似文献
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WANG Zhongyuan 《干旱区科学》2016,8(3):443-452
The acclimatization of plant xylem to altered environmental conditions has attracted considerable attention from researchers over several decades. Plants growing in natural environments must seek a balance between water uptake and the water loss of leaves from evaporation. Thus, the adaptation of xylem to different soil textures is important in maintaining plant water balance. In this study, we investigated the xylem changes of cotton(Gossypium herbaceum L.) xylem in sandy, clay and mixed soils. Results showed that soil texture had a significant effect on xylem vessel diameter and length of stems and roots. Compared with G. herbaceum growing in the clay soil, those plants growing in the sandy soil developed narrower and shorter xylem vessels in their roots, and had a higher percentage of narrow vessels in their stems. These changes resulted in a safer(i.e. less vulnerable to cavitation), but less-efficient water transport system when soil water availability was low, supporting the hydraulic safety versus efficiency trade-off hypothesis. Furthermore, in sandy and mixed soils, the root: shoot ratio of G. herbaceum increased twofold, which ensures the same efficiency of leaves. In summary, our finding indicates that the morphological plasticity of xylem structure in G. herbaceum has a major role in the acclimatization of this plant species to different soil textures. 相似文献
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类短命植物粗柄独尾草器官生物量分配与估测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
粗柄独尾草(Eremurus inderiensis)是古尔班通古特沙漠特有类短命植物。采用全株挖掘法研究粗柄独尾草盛花期的生物学特征、器官生物量分配及生物量估测模型。结果表明：粗柄独尾草地上形态指标之间及其与器官生物量间均呈显著正相关,协同生长关系较强。粗柄独尾草地下生物量平均为(12.00±5.85) g/株,占全株58.23%±6.07%,地上生物量平均为(9.15±5.75) g/株,占全株41.77%±6.07%,根冠比为1.44±0.34。根生物量所占比例最大(51.61%±5.93%),其次为有性繁殖器官(25.14%±5.02%)和光合器官(16.63%±3.75%),这种分配模式体现了类短命植物生活型的特点。根冠比与地上形态指标间均为负相关关系。叶片、花序、地上及地下生物量间的相关生长分析表明,仅叶片重与地上生物量、叶片重与花序生物量间呈等速生长关系,其他均为异速关系。基于D (花柄基径)、HD2 (H为株高)的地上、地下和总生物量直接估测模型均较为精确,且地下生物量的直接和间接估测(基于异速关系)效果相同。 相似文献
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利用温室盆栽试验法,研究入侵植物三叶鬼针草生长特征对不同土壤氮素水平的响应。结果表明,氮素的增加能够促进三叶鬼针草叶片数、总叶面积、分枝数及生物量的增加,提高其相对生长速率。在物质分配方面,氮肥的施用能促进该植物向地上部分分配较多的物质,显著增加生殖器官（花）生物量的投入,降低向地下部分（根）的物质投入。同时,可塑性指数表明,三叶鬼针草在形态、生物量分配及生殖器官等方面对土壤氮素响应的表型可塑性较大。以上结果充分体现了三叶鬼针草具有较强的入侵性和对土壤氮素环境较高的适应性,预警人们对其预防和管理工作应加以重视。 相似文献
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JIN Xiaoming 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):741-751
Sandy grassland in northern China is a fragile ecosystem with poor soil fertility. Exploring how plant species regulate growth and nutrient absorption under the background of nitrogen (N) deposition is crucial for the management of the sandy grassland ecosystem. We carried out a field experiment with six N levels in the Hulunbuir Sandy Land of China from 2014 to 2016 and explored the Agropyron michnoi Roshev. responses of both aboveground and belowground biomasses and carbon (C), N and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the plant tissues and soil. With increasing N addition, both aboveground and belowground biomasses and C, N and P concentrations in the plant tissues increased and exhibited a single-peak curve. C:N and C:P ratios of the plant tissues first decreased but then increased, while the trend for N:P ratio was opposite. The peak values of aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and C concentration in the plant tissues occurred at the level of 20 g N/(m2·a), while those of N and P concentrations in the plant tissues occurred at the level of 15 g N/(m2·a). The maximum growth percentages of aboveground and belowground biomasses were 324.2% and 75.9%, respectively, and the root to shoot ratio (RSR) decreased with the addition of N. N and P concentrations in the plant tissues were ranked in the order of leaves>roots>stems, while C concentration was ranked as roots>leaves>stems. The increase in N concentration in the plant tissues was the largest (from 34% to 162%), followed by the increase in P (from 10% to 33%) and C (from 8% to 24%) concentrations. The aboveground biomass was positively and linearly correlated with leaf C, N and P, and soil C and N concentrations, while the belowground biomass was positively and linearly correlated with leaf N and soil C concentrations. These results showed that the accumulation of N and P in the leaves caused the increase in the aboveground biomass, while the accumulation of leaf N resulted in the increase in the belowground biomass. N deposition can alter the allocation of C, N and P stoichiometry in the plant tissues and has a high potential for increasing plant biomass, which is conducive to the restoration of sandy grassland. 相似文献
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干旱、盐胁迫条件下两种盐生植物生物量分配对策的研究 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
以2种一年生盐生草本植物钠猪毛菜、盐生草为试验对象,研究干旱和盐分胁迫对2种盐生植物生长和生物量分配的影响。结果表明:不同程度干旱和盐分胁迫显著影响了2种盐生植物的生长、生物量积累和生物量的分割。生长分析表明:2种盐生植物在生长率、根冠比、叶面积比方面皆存在明显可塑性,且根冠比、叶面积比的变化均受到个体发育漂变的影响;在整个营养生长期的不同处理组中,根冠比、叶面积比总体上呈逐渐降低趋势。不同干旱胁迫处理下2种盐生植物的根冠比和叶面积比的变化与最优理论和模型的预测相一致;随干旱胁迫的加重,根冠比增大而叶面积比减小。但在盐分胁迫条件下,2种盐生植物并未出现基于最优分配理论来调节生物量分配模式,且2种盐生植物根冠比和叶面积比的响应表现出明显的种间差异。此外,不同处理组间植物生物量分配特征(根冠比、叶面积比)的差异,往往只存在于生活史的某一时期,在整个营养生长期间,并不自始至终保持一致。 相似文献
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典型荒漠植物凋落物分解及养分动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用分解网袋法,对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘粗柄独尾草(Eremurus inderiensis)、尖喙牻牛儿苗(Erodium oxyrrhynchum)和沙漠绢蒿(Seriphidium santolinum)3种荒漠植物叶、茎和根的分解、养分释放特性进行了研究。结果表明：叶片、茎、根系的质量损失过程均符合指数衰减模型。经过364 d的分解,粗柄独尾草叶、粗柄独尾草根、尖喙牻牛儿苗叶、尖喙牻牛儿苗茎、尖喙牻牛儿苗根、沙漠绢蒿茎、沙漠绢蒿根的失重率分别为41.96%、81.94%、42.18%、29.32%、47.02%、20.66%和20.71%;3种植物根、茎、叶的分解速率存在显著差异,分解速率依次为：粗柄独尾草根>叶;尖喙牻牛儿苗根>叶>茎;沙漠绢蒿根>茎。在整个分解过程中,N和P含量总的趋势表现为释放,叶、根凋落物质量损失与初始N、P含量显著负相关,非生物因素对其分解有重要影响。 相似文献
11.
T. Fasan A. J. Haverkort 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(3):151-161
Potatoes were grown under a permanent rain shelter in mobile containers in soil with or without potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida). The plants were subjected to an early drought stress period starting at planting until 43 days after planting, to a late drought stress period starting at 43 days until senescence at 92 days and to a drought control. Dry matter weight and characteristics of leaves, stems, stolons and roots were determined at periodic harvests. The early drought stress and nematode infection affected many plant organ characteristics in similar ways. Numbers of leaves, specific leaf area, plant height, specific stem weight, leaf area ratio, mean tuber weight and harvest index were reduced by both stress factors at early stages of growth.Later on, interactions between both stress factors which influence the development rate of the plants led to more diverse plant reactions. Plants of all treatments rapidly senesced at about 90 days after planting. Uninfected plants had then depleted the soil nutrient supply whereas the plants grown in the inoculated soil senesced as a result of the potato cyst nematode infection. 相似文献
12.
Community structure and carbon and nitrogen storage of sagebrush desert under grazing exclusion in Northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Overgrazing is regarded as one of the key factors of vegetation and soil degradation in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.Grazing exclusion(GE)is one of the most common pathways used to restore degraded grasslands and to improve their ecosystem services.Nevertheless,there are still significant controversies concerning GE’s effects on grassland diversity as well as carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)storage.It remains poorly understood in the arid desert regions,whilst being essential for the sustainable use of grassland resources.To assess the effects of GE on community characteristics and C and N storage of desert plant community in the arid desert regions,we investigated the community structure and plant biomass,as well as C and N storage of plants and soil(0-100 cm depth)in short-term GE(three years)plots and adjacent long-term freely grazing(FG)plots in the areas of sagebrush desert in Northwest China,which are important both for spring-autumn seasonal pasture and for ecological conservation.Our findings indicated that GE was beneficial to the average height,coverage and aboveground biomass(including stems,leaves and inflorescences,and litter)of desert plant community,to the species richness and importance values of subshrubs and perennial herbs,and to the biomass C and N storage of aboveground parts(P<0.05).However,GE was not beneficial to the importance values of annual herbs,root/shoot ratio and total N concentration in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers(P<0.05).Additionally,the plant density,belowground biomass,and soil organic C concentration and C storage in the 0-100 cm soil layer could not be significantly changed by short-term GE(three years).The results suggest that,although GE was not beneficial for C sequestration in the sagebrush desert ecosystem,it is an effective strategy for improving productivity,diversity,and C and N storage of plants.As a result,GE can be used to rehabilitate degraded grasslands in the arid desert regions of Northwest China. 相似文献
13.
Water and nitrogen(N) inputs are considered as the two main limiting factors affecting plant growth.Changes in these inputs are expected to alter the structure and composition of the plant community,thereby influencing biodiversity and ecosystem function.Snowfall is a form of precipitation in winter,and snow melting can recharge soil water and result in a flourish of ephemerals during springtime in the Gurbantunggut Desert,ChinaA bi-factor experiment was designed and deployed during the snow-covering season from 2009 to 2010.The experiment aimed to explore the effects of different snow-covering depths and N addition levels on ephemerals.Findings indicated that deeper snow cover led to the increases in water content in topsoil as well as density and coverage of ephemeral plants in the same N treatment;by contrast,N addition sharply decreased the density of ephemerals in the same snow treatment.Meanwhile,N addition exhibited a different effect on the growth of ephemeral plants:in the 50% snow treatment,N addition limited the growth of ephemeral plants,showing that the height and the aboveground biomass of the ephemeral plants were lower than in those without N addition;while with the increases in snow depth(100% and 150% snow treatments),N addition benefited the growth of the dominant individual plants.Species richness was not significantly affected by snow in the same N treatment.However,N addition significantly decreased the species richness in the same snow-covering depth.The primary productivity of ephemerals in the N addition increased with the increase of snow depth.These variations indicated that the effect of N on the growth of ephemerals was restricted by water supply.With plenty of water(100% and 150% snow treatments),N addition contributed to the growth of ephemeral plants;while with less water(50% snow treatment),N addition restricted the growth of ephemeral plants. 相似文献
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MD H. Rashid MD N. Uddin Takashi Asaeda Randall W. Robinson 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(2):103-111
The seasonal changes of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs), water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and starch concentrations were examined in Pueraria lobata throughout its life cycle in order to elucidate the potential points in the seasonal growth and phenological cycles for its improved control. The study was carried out at two different habitat zones with distinct soil conditions in the riparian zone of the Tama River, Tokyo, Japan. One zone, with sandy soil, had lower levels of available nitrogen and phosphorous, while the second zone contained high levels of organic matter and nutrients. The highest and lowest concentrations of the NSC pools in the roots of P. lobata were observed in December and August, respectively, at both study sites. The lowest NSC reserves were attained at the end of the vegetative stage, with the highest NSC reserves found at the end of the reproductive stage. The WSCs gradually decreased from April to August in the roots and then increased until February. The starch concentrations of all the plant organs followed the same pattern as for the WSCs. The stems and leaves did not show the same pattern as did the roots. The total carbohydrate concentrations and pools did not show significant variation between the two sites, suggesting that the soil conditions had very little effect on carbohydrate production in the different organs of the plant. The study suggests that to control P. lobata effectively, the above‐ground biomass should be removed at any date between the end of August and early September. 相似文献
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采用大样本随机取样的方法,选取30株蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.Mazz)开花植株,对其根、茎、叶、花等构件的生物量及物质分配关系进行定量分析。结果表明:蒲公英种群花期各构件生物量的变异系数分别为54.11%、59.48%、111.21%和64.65%,具有较大的表型可塑性;其生物量与生物量分配的大小具有相同的规律:叶花根茎。蒲公英植株大小随着根、茎、叶及花生物量的增加呈幂函数形式增加,各功能构件生物量与有性繁殖构件之间均呈极显著的幂函数异速生长关系。 相似文献
16.
采用盆栽方法模拟羊草干物质积累和叶片气体交换参数对 5个水分梯度的响应表明 :轻度、中度干旱与对照相比 ,羊草叶片的相对含水量 (RWC )有所升高 ;严重和极严重干旱使RWC显著降低。干旱降低植株生物量 ,后期的降低幅度远远大于前期 ,反映出羊草叶片水分状况对适度的土壤干旱具有良好的适应性 ,而过度干旱对羊草的生长造成威胁。鞘的分配随时间呈下降趋势 ,而根茎的趋势与鞘相反 ,表明鞘的暂储物质有可能向根茎转移。干旱促进早期根的分配和根冠比增加 ,后期降低 ,表明羊草在受到持续干旱后 ,通过增加根部的比重来提高抗旱性的能力逐渐降低。干旱降低了光合速率 ,增加了胞间CO2 浓度 ,但对水分利用率 (WUE )的影响随日进程而波动 ,在上午 10时干旱促进了WUE升高 ,其他时间无显著影响 ,表明光合参数对干旱的响应受日进程影响。 相似文献
17.
Simple models were developed to quantitatively describe (a) dry matter production and (b) the effects of competition on dry matter partitioning of Chenopodium album L. Data on total biomass and its allocation to roots, stems and leaves were obtained from field experiments with C. album planted at two densities in pure and mixed stands with either cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis var. botrytis ) or faba beans ( Vicia faba L.). After germination, C. album produced biomass rapidly; weeds planted at low density accumulated 20–30% less dry matter than plants growing at a 2.5-fold higher density per m2 . A close correlation between the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and leaf area index was found. Biomass production was linearly related to cumulative PAR intercepted, but a seasonal variation of the radiation-use efficiency could not entirely be explained. The root:shoot ratio was constant, whereas the level of competitive stress changed the distribution pattern between stems and leaves. With increasing competition in the cauliflower experiments, C. album allocated relatively more biomass to stems than to leaves; this was less evident in mixtures with faba beans. In field vegetable production with an abundant water and nutrient supply, the growth processes of C. album may be described quantitatively using simple functional relationships. 相似文献
18.
FanJiang ZENG Cong SONG HaiFeng GUO Bo LIU WeiCheng LUO DongWei GUI Stefan ARNDT DaLi GUO 《干旱区科学》2013,(2):220-232
Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the distribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The ecological adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that: (1) A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% (the critical soil moisture point). (2) The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. (3) The decrease in groundwater depth was probably responsible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments. 相似文献
19.
半干旱风沙区黄柳幼苗生长发育对沙埋的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以科尔沁沙地黄柳(Salix gordejevii)幼苗为研究对象,通过0 cm,10 cm,20 cm和40 cm 4个沙埋处理,研究其生长发育对沙埋的响应。结果表明：随着沙埋深度的增加,黄柳幼苗的死亡率增加,存活率下降。沙埋对黄柳幼苗的株高、相对高度增长率,分配到根、茎、叶的生物量和根冠比有显著影响,对绝对高度增长率和生物量无显著影响。轻度沙埋有利于黄柳幼苗高度增加,随着沙埋深度的增加,株高依然增加,相对高度生长率却下降。轻度沙埋使黄柳幼苗的生物量较多地分配到根,随着沙埋深度的增加,较多的生物量分配给地上部分,根冠比下降。说明黄柳幼苗可通过加快茎的生长或改变生物量的分配等方式维持光合作用能力,增加对沙埋的抵御能力。 相似文献
20.
The allelopathic activity of Mexican sunflower [ Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray] in soil under natural field conditions and the effect of water stress on the growth and allelopathic activity of this plant were investigated. Seed germination, shoot growth and root growth of tested plant species in soil collected from a field where Mexican sunflower had been grown for 5 years were less than those in soil from an area without the plant. Growth of young leaves, mature leaves, senescent leaves, stem and roots of Mexican sunflower was reduced with decrease in soil moisture level. The allelopathic activity of water extracts (per dry weight of starting material) from each part of the plants grown at low soil moisture levels was greater than that of the water extracts from the same part of the plants grown at high soil moisture levels. The allelopathic activity was found in the soil from the pots previously planted with Mexican sunflower to a similar extent (per plant) at different soil moisture levels. These results suggested that, in the field, under water stress conditions, the growth of Mexican sunflower was reduced but the plants contained a greater amount of allelopathic substance(s) per dry weight than in the absence of water stress. It was considered that allelopathic activity of Mexican sunflower in soil was maintained to a similar extent under various soil moisture conditions in natural fields. 相似文献