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1.
人工养殖山女鳟幼鱼的生长特性 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
于2004年5月30日-2005年2月30日对人工养殖条件下山女鳟(Oncorhynchus masou masou)的生长特性进行观察,观察阶段为山女鳟初孵鱼苗至11月龄。实验期间水温为自然常温(4.7~16.8℃)。结果表明:在这一生长阶段,山女鳟体质量瞬时增长率与水温变化有关,体质量增长量和增长率随水温的升高而加快,高峰出现在5月龄(2004年8月),水温为16.83℃,但山女鳟的最适生长温度还有待进一步研究确定;体质量增长量、相对增长率与体质量瞬时增长率的变化相一致;山女鳟的生长指标和生长常数在人工养殖条件下变化一致,并显现出规律性;从体长和体质量之间的关系可认为山女鳟幼鱼阶段体长和体质量的生长基本同步,生长式型为匀速生长;山女鳟幼鱼阶段的肥满度与水温变化不一致,随着月龄的变化而波动;饲料的营养配比满足不了各个生长期的营养需求,因此,对山女鳟营养需求及配合饲料的研制还有待进一步的研究。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):160-164] 相似文献
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二倍体与三倍体山女鳟的血液学比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对二倍体和三倍体山女鳟(Oncorhynchus masou)的全血、血浆各种特征及结构进行血液学分析,结果表明,三倍体山女鳟的红细胞(RBC)体积与二倍体的比值为1.48±0.19.三倍体的红细胞数和红细胞压积(Hct)均显著低于二倍体,但其血红蛋白(Hb)浓度与二倍体的无显著性差异(P>0.05).这些血液生理学数据表明,二倍体与三倍体山女鳟可能具有相似的氧运输和有氧代谢能力.血液生化结果显示,二倍体和三倍体山女鳟的生化指标检测值不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);回归分析结果显示,与二倍体和三倍体山女鳟血浆参透压(Osm)相关性最大的生化指标均为Na+浓度、血糖浓度和尿素氮浓度.虽然三倍体与二倍体山女鳟血红蛋白含量之间不存在显著性差异,但由于三倍体的红细胞数远低于二倍体,加之三倍体的全血黏度较二倍体的高,在应激或低溶解氧的情况下,三倍体将无法动员更多的红细胞进行组织有氧代谢,因此,与二倍体相比,三倍体山女鳟的组织缺氧或窒息的风险更大,对溶解氧的要求更高. 相似文献
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在14．0±0．3℃下,将体质量为100．00±2．15g的1＋龄山女鳟（Oncorhynchus masou masou）饲养在循环水族箱（直径0．85m,高1m）中,每天按鱼体质量1．0％投喂对照（基础饲料,对照组）和含3种自组中药方剂（E1、E2和E3）水煎剂的饲料（给药剂量分别为53．4g·kg^-1·、18．6g·kg^-1和2．4g·kg^-1）30d。停食1d后测定脾、血浆、血细胞、肝4种组织中主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）及白细胞介素（IL-1β）的含量。结果表明：对照组中山女鳟体内MHC含量由高至低依次为：脾〉血浆〉血细胞〉肝;IL-1β含量为：血浆〉肝〉脾〉血细胞。方剂E2对山女鳟体内四种组织中MHC含量有促进作用,且在脾内作用最强;而对山女鳟脾及血细胞中IL-1β含量起到略微促进作用,但抑制血浆中IL-1β含量。本实验表明：方剂E2是最适用于山女鳟的免疫调节制剂。 相似文献
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虹鳟、山女鳟及其杂交子代（虹鳟♀×山女鳟♂）的微卫星分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘 要：利用虹鳟（♀）和山女鳟（♂）进行种间杂交,获得了90.00%的受精率,80.52%的发眼率,90.68%的孵化率和30.68%的鱼苗成活率。运用13个微卫星分子标记对杂交亲本与杂交子代进行了分子遗传机制的研究,结果表明：(1) 在13个微卫星位点中,3个位点只在虹鳟中得到扩增产物,6个位点扩增出虹鳟和山女鳟清晰的差异条带,另外4个位点在双亲中没有扩增出显著差异条带;(2) 双亲遗传分化显著,虹鳟和山女鳟存在杂交现象,虹鳟和山女鳟杂交子代的遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律,属两性融合生殖,是真正意义上的杂交种。 (3) 杂交后代与虹鳟和山女鳟的遗传相似性系数分别为0.4617和0.5965,遗传距离分别为0.7729和0.5168, 表明杂交F1与两亲本的遗传差异不是对等的, 而是偏向父本一方,UPGMA系统树也同样证明了这一点。本研究结果将为虹鳟、山女鳟两种鱼的杂交育种工作的进一步开展提供依据。 相似文献
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虹鳟、山女鳟及其杂交子代(虹鳟♀×山女鳟♂)的微卫星分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用虹鳟(♀)和山女鳟(♂)进行种间杂交,获得了90.00%的受精率,80.52%的发眼率,90.68%的孵化率和30.68%的鱼苗成活率.运用13个微卫星分子标记对杂交亲本与杂交子代进行了分子遗传机制的研究,结果表明:(1) 在13个微卫星位点中,3个位点只在虹鳟中得到扩增产物,6个位点扩增出虹鳟和山女鳟清晰的差异条带,另外4个位点在双亲中没有扩增出显著差异条带;(2) 双亲遗传分化显著,虹鳟和山女鳟存在杂交现象,虹鳟和山女鳟杂交子代的遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律,属两性融合生殖,是真正意义上的杂交种. (3) 杂交后代与虹鳟和山女鳟的遗传相似性系数分别为0.461 7和0.596 5,遗传距离分别为0.772 9和0.516 8, 表明杂交F1与两亲本的遗传差异不是对等的, 而是偏向父本一方,UPGMA系统树也同样证明了这一点. 相似文献
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马苏大麻哈陆封型(landlocked salmon),在日本的商品名为山女鳟,拉丁文Oncorhynchus masou masou(Brevoort)英文名Cherry salmon,属鲑科大麻哈鱼属,是北太平洋亚洲沿岸的特有种类,分布狭窄,我国仅分布在吉林省图们江支流和黑龙江省的绥芬河,多在山区河流的中上游栖息。在养殖条件下,水温25℃时仍可生 相似文献
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研究了不同养殖温度(19℃、23℃、27℃、31℃)对点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼生长、摄食和肠道消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,实验期间各温度组幼鱼存活率(SR)均达到95%以上,19℃组存活率显著低于其余各组(P0.05);在19~31℃范围内,幼鱼的特定生长率(SGR)和相对增重率(WGR)随温度的升高而显著增加(P0.05),在31℃时达到最高值;不同温度组的体质量增长速度由高到低依次为31℃27℃24℃19℃,31℃和27℃温度组体质量呈二项式增长,23℃和19℃组呈线性增长;随着温度升高,其饵料系数(FCR)逐渐降低(P0.05),回归分析显示在29.89℃时达到最小值;摄食率(FR)随着温度的升高而显著升高(P0.05),曲线分析得其在31.74℃时达到最大值。温度对幼鱼肠道胰蛋白酶活性影响显著,随温度降低呈逐渐升高的趋势,19℃组胰蛋白酶活性显著高于27℃和31℃组(P0.05);温度对幼鱼肠道脂肪酶活性无显著性影响(P0.05);温度对幼鱼肠道淀粉酶和麦芽糖酶活性影响显著(P0.05),在23℃时达到最大值。综合以上结果认为,点篮子鱼幼鱼快速生长的适宜温度范围为29.89~31.74℃,在此温度范围内点篮子鱼幼鱼可获得较大的生长率。 相似文献
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为探究普通膨化配合饲料和特种绿色膨化配合饲料对美洲鲥幼鱼生长特性、消化能力和非特异性免疫力的影响，以人工繁育的初始体质量为(2.81±0.61)g的美洲鲥幼鱼为研究对象，进行了为期56 d的饲养试验，并测定了幼鱼的生长和酶活指标。试验结果显示：普通膨化配合饲料组(CF组)美洲鲥幼鱼体质量的增长速度快于特种绿色膨化配合饲料组(SF组),CF组幼鱼的体质量特定增长率和肥满度均显著大于SF组(P<0.05),饲料系数则显著小于SF组(P<0.05),CF组和SF组幼鱼的摄食率分别为3.31%/d、3.38%/d,成活率分别为98.50%、98.83%,两组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);消化酶方面，CF组幼鱼的淀粉酶(AMS)和脂肪酶(LPS)活力均显著大于SF组(P<0.05),而胃蛋白酶(PPS)活力显著小于SF组(P<0.05),两组间胰蛋白酶(TPS)活力无显著性差异(P>0.05);非特异性免疫酶方面，SF组幼鱼的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著大于CF组(P<0.05),两组间的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SO... 相似文献
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用澳大利亚、乌拉圭和国产肉骨粉替代30%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成4种等氮(粗蛋白质含量45%)、等能(16.5 kJ/g)的饲料(D1—D4,其中,D1不含肉骨粉为对照组),在池塘网箱中饲养体质量(13.31±0.11)g的乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus)幼鱼8周,研究了不同来源肉骨粉对乌鳢幼鱼生长的影响。结果表明,D1组乌鳢的特定生长率(SGR)显著高于D3和D4组(P<0.05),但与D2组差异不显著(P>0.05),D4组的SGR最低。D3与D4组饲料系数(FCR)差异不显著(P>0.05),但两者显著高于D1与D2组(P<0.05)。蛋白质效率(PER)的变化趋势与FCR相反。各组乌鳢的肥满度、脏体比和肝体比差异不显著(P>0.05)。在本实验条件下,澳大利亚肉骨粉对乌鳢幼鱼的饲喂效果优于乌拉圭和国产肉骨粉。 相似文献
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Y. MIYAKOSHI H. HAYANO H. OMORI & M. NAGATA J. R. IRVINE 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2002,9(4):217-223
Densities of wild masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort, were investigated before (late-September) and after (mid-November) autumnal habitat shifts in a small river in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Abundance of instream cover habitat formed by coarse woody debris, submerged vegetation and undercut banks was quantified. Density of 1+ and older masu salmon was significantly correlated with cover abundance in autumn, although cover was not significant for density of 0+ fish, indicating that clear-cut reaches were utilized by 0+ masu salmon in autumn. In early winter, densities of 0+ and 1+ and older masu salmon were both correlated with cover availability. These results suggest that the amount of cover habitat is an important regulator for densities of juvenile masu salmon during winter. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Ten sibship masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou families were produced to estimate the heritability of the number of abdominal vertebrae (AV) and caudal vertebrae (CV), and the genetic correlation between the two traits were calculated. The AV and CV of both the parents and their offspring were counted separately, and the heritability was estimated by performing parent–offspring regression analysis. The mean vertebral number of the offspring differed among families although they were reared under identical water temperature conditions and had the same parental vertebral number type in crossbreeding. The heritabilities were estimated as 0.65 for AV and 0.84 for CV. The genetic correlation between the number of AV and CV was calculated as −0.92. These results suggest that AV and CV are governed by genetic components even when the fish are reared under identical environmental conditions, and the total vertebral number is expected to converge within a certain range. It is necessary to analyze separately the variations in the number of AV and CV when investigating the vertebral number in masu salmon. 相似文献
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本文系统研究了我国引进的两个山女鳟（Oncorhynchusmasoumazou）群体及其杂交F1代的生产性能。结果表明,（1）两个杂交组合的早期生产性能,如授精率、发眼率和孵化率等不存在显著优势,自交组合BH08♀×BH08♂的最终成活率为63．37％,远低于其他三组的成活率（P〈0．01）;（2）378d的生长对比试验表明,杂交组合与自交组合的体质量、绝对增重率、特定生长率和肥满度等存在一定差异,养殖时间对这些指标的影响达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）,但组间差异仅为显著水平（P〈0．05）或没有差异（P〉0．05）;（3）378d的生长对比试验结束时,两个杂交组合均表现出一定的杂种优势。方差分析表明,不同生长阶段对杂交组合杂种优势率的影响极显著（P〈0．01）,不同组合间的杂种优势率也存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Dominance, aggression and predator avoidance were compared among farmed, sea-ranched and wild juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in laboratory experiments. Domesticated fish (farmed and sea-ranched), which had been exposed to artificial selection, were not dominant against wild fish in pairwise contests, nor did they show greater aggressiveness. Farmed fish did show greater feeding than wild fish. Under chemically simulated predation risk, farmed fish were more willing to leave cover and feed than wild fish, indicating reduced predator avoidance in the farmed fish. Our results indicate that selection for fast growth (domestication) in masu salmon favors fish that respond to food quickly and ignore predation risk. 相似文献
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Norihiko Nakano Ryo Kawabe Nariharu Yamashita Tomonori Hiraishi Katsutaro Yamamoto Katsuaki Nashimoto 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):239-249
ABSTRACT: Color vision, spectral sensitivity, accommodation, and visual acuity were examined in juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou to obtain fundamental information about the visual system. Two types of S-potentials were recorded from 415 horizontal cells in isolated retinas from 34 cultured freshwater masu salmon (114–219 mm standard length, SL). Although horizontal cells recording S-potentials were not identified, the horizontal cells were confirmed because their responses were maintained while the stimulus remained. The variety of chromaticity (C)-type S-potentials indicated well-developed color vision. The analysis of the luminosity (L)-type S-potentials indicated that the peak spectral sensitivity was at 522 nm. S-potentials were also recorded in response to ultraviolet light. The direction and extent of lens movement induced by electrical stimulation was measured in 12 cultured masu salmon (99.0–142.5 mm SL). The results indicated that the visual axis was upward and forward, and that the range of accommodation was from 0.79 × SL in front of the eye to infinity. In histological analysis of the retinas of five wild smolts (100–118 mm SL), the maximum cone densities (276–345 cones/0.01 mm2 ) were detected in the ventral to temporal regions. The visual acuities assessed by histological methods were 0.069–0.075. 相似文献
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实验所用仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)红色系和青色系体质量分别为 (6.28±0.02) g和 (6.34 ± 0.04) g。实验设定5个光强处理组(50、300、1 000、2 000、3 500 lx) 和对照组(0 lx)。光照强度通过调节灯泡功率、数量以及灯源距离获得, 光照周期为12L︰12D, 养殖水温16~17℃。结果表明, 两种色系仿刺参生长速度与光强呈负相关, 弱光照时(50 lx)时生长速度最快。黑暗(0 lx)时两种色系仿刺参生长较弱光时(50 lx)略慢(P>0.05)。过强光照 (3 500 lx)抑制仿刺参的摄食率(P<0.05), 降低其食物转化效率(P<0.05)。两种色系仿刺参的耗氧率随光照强度增强而逐渐增大。各处理组两种色系间仿刺参生长速率不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。仿刺参生长能(G/C)约7%, 粪便能(F/C)和呼吸能所占比重超过90%。强光(3 500 lx)下仿刺参排便能损失的比例增至59%, 而生长能降至2%。从提高能量分配和饵料利用效率看, 两种色系仿刺参生长速度较适宜光强为弱光(50 lx)。本研究旨在通过分析光照强度对生长、摄食、耗氧率和能量分配影响, 并以青色系仿刺参作为对比, 为红色系仿刺参在中国近海养殖提供基础参数。
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Yasuyuki Miyakoshi Mitsuhiro Nagata Kei-Ichi Sugiwaka Shuichi Kitada 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):126-133
SUMMARY: This paper evaluates the stocking effectiveness of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in Hokkaido, northern Japan, through a coast-wide two-stage sampling survey of commercial landings. From January to June 1994–1996, commercial landings of masu salmon at 33–36 fish markets were sampled at 7–10 days intervals, and 60 866–72 124 fish were examined for marks indicated by fin clips. Based on the survey data, numbers of total and hatchery-reared masu salmon landed were estimated. To examine the structure of the errors, stratification of fish markets was implemented on the basis of geography and magnitudes of landings, and the stratification improved accuracy and precision of the estimates. Accuracy of the estimated numbers of total fish was evaluated by being compared to the true numbers of masu salmon landings reported by fishermen's cooperative associations. Estimates of total masu salmon landings were within ± 10% of the true numbers. The estimated recovery rates (± SE) for hatchery-reared masu salmon smolts were variable ranging from 0.18 (± 0.06) to 3.50 (± 0.41)% among the stocked groups. An optimal sampling strategy was examined to obtain precise estimates for future studies. 相似文献
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Effects of light intensity on husbandry parameters,digestive enzymes and whole‐body composition of juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water 
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下载免费PDF全文 To provide a specific lighting system to aquaculture, a completely randomized design with five light treatments with three replicates was used to investigate effects of light intensity on juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water. The weight gain rate (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR % day?1), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (S, %) were significantly higher at the 320–1150‐lx treatments (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the other treatments, but the highest food conversion ratio (FCR) was at the 0‐lx treatment and the lowest at 600–1150 lx. Total protease, amylase and lipase activities in liver, stomach and intestine were significantly higher at 320–1150‐lx conditions and significantly lower at 0 lx (P ≤ 0.05) than in the other treatments. The highest contents of crude protein and crude lipid were observed at 600–1150 lx and 320–550 lx respectively. However, both moisture and ash were highest at 0 lx and lowest at 600–1150 lx. The results indicated that light intensity could significantly affect husbandry parameters, digestive enzymes and whole‐body composition of juvenile E. coioides, with optimal light intensity being at 600–1150 lx. 相似文献
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Using mark-recapture methods, the movements of the fluvial form of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou) in a mountain stream on the island of Kyushu, Japan, were studied. Most (78%) of the masu salmon were recaptured in the
pool in which they had been originally caught and tagged. Of those that moved between pools, the proportion of individuals
that moved during the breeding period was not significantly higher than the proportion that moved during the non-breeding
period. However, during the breeding period, a higher proportion of larger salmon moved than did smaller fish. The proportion
of mobile large males during breeding period was higher than that for small males. Also, it was found that a few individuals
showed long-range movement in the autumn. As a long-term movement, 78 individual fish (65%) that were recaptured more than
three times showed high sedentary tendencies. Sixteen individual mobile fish (13%) moved and returned to the original pool.
Fluvial form of masu salmon in Kyushu show a high sedentary nature; however, large mature males seem to actively move in search
of female during breeding period. 相似文献