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1.
Five gnotobiotic Beagle dogs were orally inoculated with a pure culture of Helicobacter felis. The remaining two littermates served as contact controls. Thirty days after infection, all animals were euthanatized and specimens were collected for evaluation. In infected dogs, H. felis was recovered from all areas of the stomach. Colonization was heaviest in the fundus and antrum. H. felis was not cultured from any segment of the gastrointestinal tract distal to the duodenum. Two weeks after infection, all five infected dogs had detectable IgM and IgG serum antibody to H. felis, whereas control dogs had no measurable H. felis serum antibody throughout the study. Histopathologic changes in the stomachs of infected dogs included large numbers of lymphoid nodules throughout all regions of the gastric mucosa and were most numerous in the fundus and body. A mild, diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate with small numbers of plasma cells and eosinophils was also present in the subglandular region of all portions of the gastric mucosa. Electron microscopic examination revealed large numbers of spiral-shaped H. felis in gastric mucus adjacent to or superimposed over the areas of inflammation. Occasionally, however, H. felis was observed within the canaliculi of gastric parietal cells. Histopathologic changes in the stomachs of the contact control dogs were limited to focal infiltrates of eosinophils and small aggregates of lymphocytes in the subglandular portions of the gastric mucosa in one animal. Infection with H. felis is a likely cause of naturally occurring lymphofollicular gastritis.  相似文献   

2.
Detailed histopathological evaluation of the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter-infected cats is complicated by the difficulty of recognizing Helicobacter organisms on hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections and the ability of multiple Helicobacter species to infect cats. In this study, the presence and localization of different species of Helicobacter in the stomachs of cats was investigated using silver staining and immunohistochemistry. Five groups containing 5 cats each were established (group 1: urease negative and Helicobacter free; groups 2, 3, 4, and 5: urease positive and infected with Helicobacter heilmannii, unclassified Helicobacter spp., Helicobacter felis, and Helicobacter pylori, respectively). Gastric samples were evaluated by HE and silver staining and by immunohistochemistry with 3 different anti-Helicobacter primary antibodies. Helicobacter were detected by Steiner stain in all infected cats at the mucosal surface, in the lumen of gastric glands, and in the cytoplasm of parietal cells. In silver-stained sections, H. pylori was easily differentiated from H. felis, H. heilmannii, and unclassified Helicobacter spp., which were larger and more tightly coiled. No organisms were seen in uninfected cats. Helicobacter antigen paralleled the distribution of organisms observed in Steiner-stained sections for 2 of the 3 primary antibodies tested. The antisera were not able to discriminate between the different Helicobacter species examined. A small amount of Helicobacter antigen was present in the lamina propria of 3 H. pylori-, 3 H. felis-, and 1 H. heilmannii-infected cat. Minimal mononuclear inflammation was present in uninfected cats and in those infected with unclassified Helicobacter spp. and H. heilmannii cats. In H. felis-infected cats, lymphoid follicular hyperplasia with mild pangastric mononuclear inflammation and eosinophilic infiltrates were present. The H. pylori-infected cats had severe lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and mild to moderate mononuclear inflammation accompanied by the presence of neutrophils and eosinophils. These findings indicate that Steiner staining and immunohistochemistry are useful for detecting Helicobacter infections, particularly when different Helicobacter species can be present. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the different Helicobacter species could be important diagnostic aids. There appear to be differences in the severity of gastritis in cats infected with different Helicobacter species.  相似文献   

3.
The relationship of Helicobacter felis, an organism that is observed in the stomachs of dogs, to gastric disease in dogs is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if Helicobacter felis infection alters gastric morphology and gastric secretory function in dogs. Five specific-pathogen-free (SPF), Helicobacter-free Beagle dogs were examined before and for 26 weeks after inoculation with H. felis (ATCC 49179). Three SPF uninfected dogs served as controls. All five dogs became colonized by H. felis as determined by urease activity, histopathology, polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscopic examination of serial gastric biopsies. The degree of colonization ranged from < 1 organism/400 x field to > 10 organisms/400 x field. The fundus, body, and cardia were most heavily colonized. Evaluation of gastric biopsies showed mild gastric inflammation and lymphoid follicles in both infected and uninfected dogs. There was no correlation between the number of organisms observed and the degree of gastric inflammation or number of lymphoid follicles. The gastric secretory axis, assessed by fasting and meal-stimulated plasma gastrin, mucosal gastrin and somatostatin immunoreactivity, fasting gastric pH, and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, was similar in both infected and uninfected dogs. Fasting gastric pH was not a reliable indicator of gastric secretory function. These findings suggest that H. felis may not be a gastric pathogen in dogs. However, the density of colonization and limited duration of infection should be considered when interpreting these findings.  相似文献   

4.
The association of Helicobacter pylori with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric neoplasia has led to fundamental changes in the understanding of gastric disease in humans. The relationship of Helicobacter spp. infection to gastric disease in dogs is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if Helicobacter infection affects the gastric secretory axis of dogs. Eight Beagle dogs with naturally acquired Helicobacter spp. infection were studied before and after (4 and 29 days) the attempted eradication of Helicobacter spp. with a combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and famotidine (AMF). Six specific-pathogen-free, Helicobacter-free Beagle dogs served as controls. The electron microscopic appearance of spiral organisms in infected dogs indicated coinfection with Helicobacter felis- and H bizzozeronii-like organisms. Unstimulated gastric pH and fasting, postprandial, and bombesin-stimulated plasma gastrin were similar in both infected and uninfected dogs, although a trend (P = .09) toward higher meal-stimulated gastrin was observed in infected dogs at 60 minutes. Pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output (mmol HCI/kg0.75/hour) and titratable acidity (mmol HCl/mL) were similar in both infected and uninfected dogs, but gastric pH during maximal acid output was lower (P < .01) in uninfected dogs. Mild gastric inflammation was present in both infected and uninfected dogs. Gastric spiral organisms were undetectable in 6/8 infected dogs 4 days after AMF but had recurred in 8/8 dogs 29 days after AMF. Analysis of gastric DNA with Helicobacter-specific primers indicated persistence of Helicobacter DNA at 4 and 29 days after antibiotic therapy. Acid secretion, plasma gastrin, and mucosal inflammation were not affected by the transient suppression of Helicobacter spp. by AMF. These findings suggest that gastric secretory function in dogs is not markedly perturbed by naturally acquired Helicobacter spp. infection and that treatment with amoxicillin, metronidazole, and famotidine causes suppression rather than eradication of gastric Helicobacter spp. in dogs.  相似文献   

5.
Gastritis associated with Helicobacter-like organisms in baboons   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Subclinical gastritis was observed in 10 of 10 baboons (Papio spp.) from a toxicity study in a research facility. The lesions were similar in xenobiotic-treated and control animals, suggesting a spontaneous rather than chemical-induced disease. Histologic examination revealed lymphoplasmacytic gastritis in the antral mucosa. The fundic mucosa contained minor, scattered aggregates of lymphocytes and plasma cells. A Warthin-Starry silver stain and ultrastructural examination revealed numerous spiral-shaped bacteria morphologically resembling Helicobacter pylori in antral glands and numerous spiral-shaped bacteria morphologically consistent with H. heilmannii-like organisms in fundic glands. Polymerase chain reaction assay of paraffin-embedded antral and fundic tissue using primers for the urease gene and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplified deoxyribonucleic acid fragments with a high degree of sequence homology for H. pylori and H. heilmannii. This is the first report of gastritis associated with Helicobacter-like organisms in baboons.  相似文献   

6.
The principal aims of this study were to evaluate the humoral immune response (IgG) of cats with gastric Helicobacter spp. infection, and to determine the prevalence of different types of Helicobacter spp. in the stomachs of cats. The Helicobacter infection status of 45 cats (12 healthy spay/neuter cats, 9 sick cats, 24 colony cats) was determined by evaluating endoscopic gastric biopsies for urease activity, presence of Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) on histopathology, and genus and species-specific PCR. Serum samples were evaluated with a kinetic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing the high molecular cell-associated protein (HM-CAP) fraction of H. felis ATCC 49179.Seventeen of 45 cats were infected with Helicobacter spp.: "H. heilmannii" 9/17, H. felis 4/17, mixed "H. heilmannii" and H. felis 3/17, unclassified-Helicobacter spp. 7/17. H. pylori was not detected in any cat. Kinetic ELISA results were significantly higher for infected cats, than for uninfected cats. Cats infected with different Helicobacter spp. showed similar distribution of OD/min values. There were no effects of age or clinical signs on the results of kinetic ELISA. No correlation between colonization density and seroconversion was observed. There were statistically significant, but weak correlations between the degree of seroconversion and the degree of inflammation, and the number of lymphoid follicles. Infected cats had more severe inflammation in the pylorus and fundus than uninfected cats. Infected sick cats had a higher degree of pyloric, but not fundic inflammation, than healthy infected cats and uninfected sick cats.The results indicate that naturally acquired infection with gastric Helicobacter spp. is associated with seroconversion (IgG) in cats. The similar ELISA values in cats infected with a variety of Helicobacter spp. suggests substantial antigenic homology between different Helicobacter spp. The higher degree of inflammation in infected than uninfected cats, supports a role for Helicobacter as a cause of gastritis in cats.  相似文献   

7.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms (GHLO) and gastritis in the gastric mucosa of dogs with gastric disorders. Tissue samples of the gastric mucosa were obtained from 30 dogs with gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort, loss of appetite) during endoscopy. Histopathological examinations were performed and occurrence of GHLO infection, gastritis and other mucosal changes were estimated. The GHLO infection and gastritis were identified in 63.3 and 36.6% of dogs respectively; other mucosal changes included fibrosis in the lamina propria, degenerative changes of the gastric glands and hyperplasia of the parietal cells. The present study has revealed that microscopically found gastritis is not frequent in dogs examined by endoscopy. GHLO infection can be responsible for some cases of gastritis and hyperplasia of parietal cells in dogs.  相似文献   

8.
Mucosal morphology, morphometry and mucin histochemistry of the stomach were studied in the one-humped camel. The lining of the stomach was divided into eight grossly identifiable regions. The first region was non-glandular, occupied the body of the first compartment of the stomach and constituted 53.2% of the gastric mucosa. The other seven regions were lined by a glandular mucosa. Histological, histochemical and morphometric investigations have shown that glandular mucosa comprises pseudo-cardiac, cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The pseudo-cardiac region was characterized by widely separated short tubular serous glands. It constituted 36.2% of the gastric mucosa; it extended over the entire lining of the second compartment and parts of the first and third compartments. The cardiac region was confined to the initial zone of the third compartment amidst the psuedo-cardiac region but contiguous with the distal end of the gastric groove. It constituted 3.4% of the gastric mucosa and was characterized by neutral and acid mucin positive glands. The fundic and pyloric regions occupied the distal distended part of the third compartment. The fundic region constituted 4.3% of the gastric mucosa. It was packed with typical fundic glands characterized by chief cells, parietal cells and acid mucin positive neck cells. The pyloric region constituted 2.9% of the gastric mucosa. Its glands were positive to acid mucins except for their bases that were positive to neutral mucins. Differences in volume densities of the mucosal components and reactivity of the surface epithelium and gastric pits to mucin stains were noted in the different regions of the stomach.  相似文献   

9.
The discovery of the spiral bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its causative role in gastric disease in humans has brought a dramatic change to gastroenterology. Although spiral bacteria have been known for more than a century to infect the stomachs of dogs and cats, recent research has been conducted mainly in the wake of interest in H. pylori. H. pylori has not been found in dogs and only very rarely in cats and zoonotic risk is minimal. A variety of other Helicobacter spp. can infect the stomach of pets; however, their pathogenic role is far from clear, and they have a small but real zoonotic potential. The prevalence of gastric Helicobacter spp. in dogs and cats is high, irrespective of clinical signs, and as in human medicine, mode of transmission is unclear. The relationship of Helicobacter spp. to gastric inflammation in cats and dogs is unresolved, with inflammation, glandular degeneration, and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia accompanying infection in some but not all subjects. Circulating anti-Helicobacter immunoglobulin G antibodies have been detected in 80% of dogs with naturally acquired infection and most dogs and cats with experimental infection. The gastric secretory axis is similar in infected and uninfected cats and dogs and no relationship of infection to gastrointestinal ulcers has been found. Differences in the pathogenicity of Helicobacter spp. are apparent, because infection with H pylori is associated with a more severe gastritis than infection with other Helicobacter spp. in both cats and dogs. Rapid urease test, histopathology, and touch cytology are all highly accurate invasive diagnostic tests for gastric Helicobacter-like organisms in dogs and cats, whereas culture and polymerase chain reaction are the only means to identify them to the species level. Urea breath and blood tests or serology can be used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. noninvasively in dogs and cats. Most therapeutic studies in pets have not shown long-term eradication of Helicobacter spp. Whether this is due to reinfection or recrudescence has not been established.  相似文献   

10.
An ultrastructural study has been made of gastric mucosa of a teleostean fish, Tilapia spp. The cytological features of the surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells, glandular cells and endocrine cells are described. The surface mucous cells, identified by their superficial localization, are characterized by apical granules. The mucous neck cells are distinguished by the appearance of their mucous granules and their localization between surface mucous cells and glandular cells. The gastric glands contain only one form of cell whose fine structure is similar to cells that secrete hydrochloric acid. Physiological implications of some ultrastructural features are also discussed.  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the occurrence of Helicobacter-like organisms in the gastric mucosa of dogs. The study was performed on samples of gastric mucosa obtained during necropsies from 94 dogs euthanasized for various reasons. Histopathological examination and also urease test was performed. Helicobacter sp. was found in 85.10% of examined dogs. In 36% cases the presence of bacteria was accompanied by chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa localized mainly in pyloric region. In 97.59% samples positive results of urease test were associated with histopathological confirmation of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms.  相似文献   

12.
Gastric Helicobacter spp. have been described in a wide range of animal species, including dogs, cats, primates, swine, cattle and rodents. However, in lagomorphs--more specifically rabbits--gastric Helicobacter infections have never been reported. Biopsy specimens were collected from different stomach regions of 23 rabbits, including 10 pet rabbits, 10 industrial animals and 3 research animals. These were subjected to a PCR assay for the detection of Helicobacter DNA. Identification up to the species level was based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis and a recently developed multiplex PCR. Seven rabbits (four pet, one research animal and two industrial animals) tested positive in the Helicobacter genus-specific PCR in the stomach, with the corpus being predominantly positive. H. felis and H. salomonis, hitherto presumed to be naturally hosted by cats and dogs, were detected in three animals and one animal, respectively. One of these animals had been completely devoid of any form of contact with cats or dogs. A H. pullorum/H. rappini-like organism (96% 16S rDNA sequence similarity) was found in an industrially held rabbit. The helicobacters of the two remaining rabbits could not be identified up to the species level. To conclude, this is the first report on the occurrence of Helicobacter spp. in the stomach of rabbits. In view of the fact that H. felis and H. salomonis are put forward as having zoonotic potential, further research is necessary to investigate the implications of these findings not only for the rabbit but also for human health.  相似文献   

13.
Background: The results of studies examining the role of Helicobacter spp. in the pathogenesis of canine and feline gastritis are inconclusive. Furthermore, data evaluating the effectiveness of medical therapy for eradication of Helicobacter infection are limited.
Aim: To detect Helicobacter spp. in mucosal biopsies of dogs and cats diagnosed with gastritis, with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
Animals: Three dogs and 2 cats with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease.
Methods: Dogs and cats infected with Helicobacter spp. were treated with triple antimicrobial therapy and fed an elimination diet for 21 days. Helicobacter spp. status in endoscopic (3 dogs, 1 cat) or surgical biopsies (1 cat) of gastric mucosa was compared pre- and posttreatment in each animal by histology, FISH analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: Gastritis of varying severity with intraglandular spiral bacteria was observed in all animals. Pretreatment diagnostic tests confirmed the presence of mucosal Helicobacter spp. in all animals by FISH and histopathology and in 4/5 animals by PCR. Rapid resolution of vomiting episodes was observed in all animals. Gastric biopsies performed after triple therapy revealed clearance of visible Helicobacter spp. by histopathology and negative FISH analysis, as well as PCR in all animals.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Application of FISH to routine biopsy specimens enabled rapid and specific identification of Helicobacter spp. within the gastric mucosa of dogs and cats. Although medical therapy was useful in resolution of clinical signs and clearance of visible Helicobacter spp. in gastric biopsies, gastric inflammation persisted.  相似文献   

14.
Serum samples from 61 dogs and 49 cats were screened for circulating antibodies against Helicobacter felis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sonicated bacteria as an antigen. To improve the specificity of the ELISA, sera were absorbed with Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni H. pylori as well as H. felis. Sera from 26 dogs (43%) and 19 cats (39%) revealed clear positive absorbance readings determined as an optical density (OD) that was statistically significant above the OD mean value [P < 0.025 (one-tailed); log10]. The absorbance pattern of ELISA-positive sera corresponded to results obtained with bovine and human reference sera. Furthermore, a correlation between the immune response and results from histopathological examination of gastric specimens from 22 dogs was demonstrated. It could be shown that antibodies against H. felis in sera of cats and dogs can easily be detected using an ELISA. The diagnostic value of this test must be evaluated in further investigations.  相似文献   

15.
The digestive system of the capybara has been investigated because of its coprofagia habits, important for their absorptive activity. These species present differences in terms of gastrointestinal morphological characters when compared with other rodents. Macroscopiclly, the stomach of the capybara is constituted of the following parts: cardiac, pyloric, body, fundic and gastric diverticulum. It presents two curvatures, one big and another small. Externally, the presence of gastric bands (tenias) is observed. With regards to the volumetric view, the gastric capacity varies from 850 to 2010 ml, with an average of 1498.57 ml. So, the stomach of this animal can be classified as a simple stomach, in the format of a curved sack and similar to an inverted letter 'J'. The gastric mucous membrane presents a surface filled by numerous tortuous gastric folds and longitudinally distributed along all its extension. The mucous tunic also possesses recesses located among the successive gastric folds, which were denoted as gastric parts with numerous openings described as gastric pits. In the cardiac part, a glandular epithelium with cardiac glands is noticed containing a lot of parietal and mucous neck cells. The fundic part, body and gastric diverticulum contain proper gastric glands with main, parietal and mucous neck cells. Finally, the pyloric part has pyloric glands with two cellular types, mucous neck and parietal cells.  相似文献   

16.
Enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. have been described colonizing the large intestine and liver of healthy and symptomatic subjects and are thought to have a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The prevalence of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs is largely unknown and to our knowledge there are no data about their potential pathogenic role. In light of these considerations, the aims of this study were (i) to assess the prevalence of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. in colonic biopsies of symptomatic pet dogs and (ii) to evaluate a possible association between Helicobacter spp. colonization status (heavily colonized, poorly colonized and uncolonized biopsies) and histological lesions. Colonic biopsies from 27 pet dogs of different ages were evaluated by family Helicobacteraceae and enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. PCR, histology, and immunohistochemistry for the in situ detection of Helicobacter spp. organisms. 85% and 52% of colonic biopsies were positive by Helicobacteraceae and enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. PCR, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed Helicobacter spp. were localized both in the superficial mucus (55%) and within intestinal crypts (33%). Dogs with heavy enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. colonization were significantly younger and had a higher level of mucosal fibrosis/atrophy than dogs with uncolonized or poorly colonized biopsies (p<0.05). These findings contribute to widen current knowledge regarding canine enterohepatic Helicobacter spp., suggesting the infection is rather common in dogs and acquired at an early age. Furthermore, heavy colonization of colonic crypts is associated with chronic inflammatory lesions (fibrosis/atrophy), supporting the role of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. in the development of canine IBD.  相似文献   

17.
The canine gastric mucosa is known to be a habitat for various Helicobacter species. So far, five Helicobacter species have been described from the canine gastric mucosa, but histological studies have demonstrated a greater variety. In order to gain more information on diversity of canine gastric mucosa colonising helicobacters, biopsy samples of four pet dogs were examined by DNA-based techniques. PCR with a primer pair binding specifically to the 16S rDNA of the species of the genus Helicobacter and generating a fragment of approximately 400 bp indicated the presence of Helicobacter strains in the stomachs of the four dogs. PCR products were cloned into Escherichia coli DH10B and PCR-re-amplified 16S rDNA fragments were subjected to amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) employing restriction enzyme HhaI. Restriction profiles indicated the presence of at least two different Helicobacter species in two dogs. Partial sequences of 16S rDNA of six clones were compared with sequences available in the EMBL data bank. Two sequences obtained from different dogs were identical with the corresponding sequences of Helicobacter pylori strains. Three sequences showed highest but moderate similarity values to H. pylori (96.6-98.0%) and one sequence to Helicobacter salomonis (97.3%). In contrast to previous reports our data implicate that the gastric mucosa of dogs may be colonised by strains of H. pylori or a very closely related species but they also confirm indications for the presence of so far uncultivated species of Helicobacter.  相似文献   

18.
Gastrointestinal lesions with uncertain etiology have been widely described among pinnipeds. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of Helicobacter spp. in the gastric mucosa of South American fur seals (Arctocephalusaustralis). Gastric biopsies from thirteen seals, stranded on the shores of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in Argentina, were evaluated for the presence of Helicobacter spp. by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Six gastric biopsies were positive for Helicobacter spp. Pairwise sequence comparisons showed less than 95% identity to novel Helicobacter spp. described from pinnipeds from North America and Australia. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the South American fur seal sequences clustered with 99-100% homology with H. cetorum, a species isolated from dolphins and whales. The presence of H. cetorum in pinnipeds, if confirmed by its isolation from the gastric mucosa of these mammals, demonstrates the wide host range of this bacterium in the marine environment.  相似文献   

19.
Gastric spirillosis in beagles   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
Light microscopic, ultrastructural, and microbiologic evaluations were performed on stomachs from 30 healthy laboratory-reared Beagles. Spiral-shaped microorganisms were seen in the gastric glands and parietal cell canaliculi of all the dogs. Organisms were most numerous in the cardia and in the region of the fundic-pyloric junction. Lymphoreticular hyperplasia, dilatation of parietal cell canaliculi, and degeneration of individual parietal cells (rarely seen) were the only morphologic alterations seen. Organisms were helical, had tufts of flagella at each end, and were approximately 0.5 X 7.0 micron; some had a distinct axial fibril (indicating two distinct forms of the organism). Attempts to propagate a viable culture of the organism were not successful. The organism most closely resembled those of the genus Spirillum. Because the organism was commonly found in the gastric mucosa of healthy Beagles, it probably should be considered part of the natural gastric flora of dogs.  相似文献   

20.
The mode of acquisition of gastric Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs has not been determined. It is suspected that oral-oral and faecal-oral transmission may be involved. The present study sought to determine if Helicobacter spp. DNA is present in the oral cavity of healthy and vomiting dogs. Thirty-eight pet dogs (27 vomiting and 11 clinically healthy) were studied. The presence of Helicobacter spp. was determined by single and nested PCR evaluation of DNA extracted from saliva, dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples. Helicobacter spp. DNA was detected by nested PCR in 36 (94.7%) gastric biopsies, 17 (44.7%) dental plaque and 19 (50%) saliva samples out of the 38 dogs examined. Overall 27 (71.1%) dogs screened by nested PCR were found to harbour Helicobacter spp. DNA in the oral cavity (dental plaque and/or saliva). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the oral cavity of vomiting and healthy dogs, and the time from vomiting to oral sampling did not have significant impact. This study confirms the high prevalence of gastric Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs, and reveals that Helicobacter spp. DNA is detectable in the oral cavity of over 70% of dogs. These findings support the possibility of oral-oral transmission between dogs and that the canine oral cavity may act as source of non-pylori Helicobacter spp. infection for humans.  相似文献   

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