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1978-1981年用12个品种(系)、共30个组合,其中包括国际公认的抗性品种IR26、IR36,观察这些代表品种杂交后代对白叶枯病抗性的遗传力和配合力。结果指出:(1)抗性的广义遗传力较高,相对遗传进度进展较快,表明抗性可早代选择;(2)抗性的一般配合力方差达极显著水准,且GCA:SCA的比值较高,显示加性基因占优势;(3)亲本一般配合力效应方向明显。抗性亲本为负值,感病亲本为正值;(4)特殊配合力效应有正有负,方向性不明显;(5)抗性亲本一般配合力方差较大,特殊配合力方差较小,证明抗性亲本品种有较稳定的遗传效应。以上结果对抗病育种正确选配亲本将有一定意义。 相似文献
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杂交水稻叶瘟抗性杂种优势的遗传分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文用水稻7个不育系、7个恢复系及其按NCⅡ设计配制的49个杂交组合,在4个指标上研究了杂交水稻叶瘟抗性的杂种优势和遗传。结果表明:杂交水稻的叶瘟抗性不仅具有较强的杂种优势,而且在组合间变异很大;叶瘟抗性遗传力高,其受加性和非加性遗传共同控制,但加性遗传明显较为重要,源于恢复系的加性效应明显相对重要于不育系的加性效应;亲本叶瘟抗性与其一般配合力效应呈显著或极显著正相关;缙恢1号具有较好的一般配合力效应和较大的特殊配合力方差,可作为优良抗病亲本加以利用,K42A、K40A、多恢1号、成恢149具有较好的一般配合力效应和较小的特殊配合力方差,在抗稻瘟育种中具有较大利用价值。讨论认为:在抗叶瘟育种中,对亲本的抗性评鉴和选育抗病亲本尤其是恢复系至关重要,但不能以此忽略对杂交组合的抗性评鉴。 相似文献
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大豆花叶病毒病研究进展 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
大豆花叶病毒病是世界性病害,导致大豆产量降低并产生种粒斑驳。目前国内外对SMV株系的划分不统一。美国报道了G1-G7,G7A,C14九个株系,日本报道了A-E 5个株系,中国东北1、2、3号株系,江苏SA-SH株系,湖北S1,S2株系,黄淮Y 1-Y7株系。各地学者开展了抗源的鉴定和抗病育种工作,筛选和选育出一批抗病品种。美国已命名3个抗性基因,Rsv1,Rsv2,Rsv3。由于抗源不同,对中国东北3个株系SM V抗性遗传研究结果不同,抗性受1对或2对显性或隐性基因控制;对江苏株系抗性遗传研究结果一致,抗性受单显性基因控制。对感染SM V后大豆植株及种粒生理生化性状的变化及抗性机制进行了研究,表明过氧化物酶同工酶等性状与抗性有关。目前已鉴定出与抗性基因连锁的SSR,RFL P和R APD分子标记,成功的克隆了SMV外壳蛋白基因并导入大豆中。 相似文献
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选用稻瘟病(Pyricularia oryzae)生理小种ZB15和白叶枯病(Xanthomonas campesfris pv.oryzae)菌株98对3个水稻品种的抗性基因进行了遗传分析。结果表明IR2061和戈马列的稻瘟病抗性分别受非等位的2对重复显性基因所控制。IR29的抗性表现较为复杂,其抗性遗传尚待进一步研究。IR29和IR2061具有1对相同的抗白叶枯病显性基因,而戈马列则具有1对非等位的显性抗性基因,并且受珍汕97的1对隐性抑制基因所制约。 相似文献
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以含有抗黄矮病基因的3个材料作母本、4个丰产性品种作父本,根据3×4不完全双列杂交的F1代,分析黄矮病抗性的配合力和遗传力;从双列杂交试验中选择产量、抗性均符合育种目标要求的2个组合,分析F2～F4代的抗性分离、遗传变异及遗传力,为制定高效的小麦抗黄矮病育种技术路线提供依据.结果表明:①抗黄矮病性状遗传主要由基因效应决定,受加性、非加性基因共同作用,以加性基因效应占绝对优势,与非加性效应之比为38.2 :1;②BYDV抗性遗传取决于感病亲本对黄矮病毒的敏感性,同一世代不同遗传背景下的群体分离及变异具有较大差异,而同一遗传背景下各世代平均抗性差异较小;抗性变异随世代的增加减幅较大,抗病基因纯合较快;③抗病性遗传力较高,其狭义遗传力介于75%～90%之间,遗传决定度达90%以上,在抗病育种工作中可对抗病性进行早代鉴定和选择. 相似文献
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小麦品种对梭条花叶病的抗性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
560份小麦品种(系)对小麦梭条花叶病的抗性表现可划分为高抗、中抗、中感和高感4种类型,其中高抗材料占7.3％,高感材料占87.7％。在抗病品种中,又可划分为抗介体、抗病毒两种类型。通过对8个S×S、6个R×R、16个S×R和12个R×S的抗性表现研究其抗性遗传。结果表明:(1)抗性特性为细胞核遗传,抗性基因为显性;(2)抗病毒基因品种中有3对显性基因控制;(3)抗介体性状由1对、2对或3对显性基因控制。4个单基因抗介体品种的抗性遗传被追踪研究。 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2018,(11)
采用室内盆栽试验研究了截形叶螨(Tetranychus truncates Ehara)抗性品系(RR)对杀菌剂阿维菌素的遗传方式。结果表明,截形叶螨抗性种群的杂交F1代(SS♀×RR♂和RR♀×SS♂)的显性度D值分别为0.479和0.636,均在0 D1范围内,表明抗性由不完全显性基因控制;两个D值(DSR和DRS)95%置信限有重叠,并且经t检验,两个D值不存在显著差异(P0.05),证明截形叶螨对阿维菌素的抗性遗传受母体或核外效应的影响不大,其抗性基因在常染色体上;回交F2代两个种群的(BC1SR和BC1RS)的实际死亡率和期望值经χ2检验,均差异显著,证实由多基因控制。 相似文献
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转Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)基因作物在害虫防治中应用较多,但长期种植转Bt基因作物,靶标害虫不可避免会对杀虫蛋白产生抗性,如何进行抗性治理是当前面临的难题。本研究基于前期转录组分析结果,定量分析了尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶基因（Of UGT）在亚洲玉米螟Cry1Ie抗性品系（ACB-IeR）及敏感品系（ACB-Bt S）的表达量,利用RNA干扰技术（RNAi）对ACB-IeR品系Of UGT基因进行沉默,并通过毒力测定试验来检验干扰效果。Of UGT基因在ACB-Ie R三龄幼虫中相对表达量高于ACB-Bt S,并且注射ds UGT后该基因表达量下降。Cry1Ie抗性品系的致死中浓度大于1000.00μg/g,在蛋白浓度为500.00μg/g时,注射ds UGT和ds GFP后的幼虫存活率没有显著性差异,但较空白对照组存活率显著降低;在蛋白浓度为1000.00μg/g时,注射ds GFP后的幼虫存活率较空白对照组降低,注射ds UGT后的幼虫存活率较空白对照和注射ds GFP的都显著降低。由结果可以看出RNAi沉默OfUGT基因后可以降低抗性品系亚洲玉米螟对C... 相似文献
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为明确小麦体细胞无性系4-8(WS4-8)抗条锈病的遗传稳定性及抗性遗传特点,采用基因推导、抗性鉴定、遗传分析等方法对其进行了抗条锈性的鉴定和等位性分析。结果表明,WS4-8所携带的抗性基因与已知抗性基因不同;WS4-8的条锈病抗性表现优异,遗传稳定;用CY33小种对WS4-8和铭贤169的正交、反交组合F1和F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,F2群体符合3R∶1S单基因控制的抗性遗传规律,WS4-8对CY33的抗性由1对显性核基因控制;用CY33对WS4-8分别与Yr5/6×Avocet S、Yr10/6×Avocet S、Yr15/6×Avocet S及92R137(Yr26)组配的杂交组合F1及F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,而F2中有感病植株,说明WS4-8所携带的抗条锈病基因与Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26不等位。研究表明,WS4-8的抗条锈性是由1对显性核基因控制,与已知抗性基因不同,可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。 相似文献
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Inheritance of Resistance to Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Ear Rot of Maize in the Mid-altitude Zone of Nigeria 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rabiu Olatinwo Kitty Cardwell Abebe Menkir Mike Deadman Angela Julian 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(6):535-543
Inheritance of resistance to Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton (syn. Diplodia macrospora Earle) ear rot of maize was studied among selected maize populations in the mid-altitude (1280m) agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Diallel analysis among the populations showed significant values for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects at 5% and 1% levels respectively. Variance components of GCA and SCA on Stenocarpella ear rot were 0.019 and 0.627 respectively, indicating that non-additive genes play major roles in the inheritance of Stenocarpella ear rot resistance.The GCA and SCA effects were relatively dependent on the materials involved in the evaluations. Generation mean analysis was used on five selected parent inbreds (2 resistance and 3 susceptible crossed to give P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2 and F2 generations). Estimates of the six parameters on ear rot indicate that dominance gene effects made the major contribution to variation in ear rot of maize in the crosses studied. The magnitude and significance of the estimates for digenic effects in the crosses suggest that epistatic gene effects are present and important in the basic mechanism of Stenocarpella ear rot inheritance in the populations studied. Additive effects have only minor importance in the total variation. 相似文献
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水稻对稻瘟病抗性的遗传研究——福建主要籼稻抗源的基因分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究了5个水稻抗瘟品种对稻瘟病稳定菌系81090A或81278的抗性遗传。结果表明,在以感病品种矮脚南特或竹广22号为杂交亲本之一的情况下,对81090A菌系的抗性,谷龙13、双抗77021受2对显性重复基因控制,双抗77005受1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因控制;梧农1号受2或3对显性重复基因控制;双抗77003受1或2对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因控制。对81278菌系的抗性,梧农1号、双抗77003由1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因支配;谷龙13由1对显性基因,或1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因支配;双抗77021由1对显性上位基因和1对隐性基因,或2对显性重复基因支配。谷龙13与双抗77021对81090A菌系的反应,似为同质抗性;谷龙13与双抗77003对81278菌系的反应为异质抗性。可采用回交或其它杂交方式将这些抗病基因导入高产品种和杂交水稻三系中,在杂交组合的选趣上,应注意抗源亲本及其它亲本的选择。 相似文献
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本文用6个亲本组配成双列杂交设计,分析了普通小麦苗期慢叶锈性的配合力及基因效应。结果表明,F1代不同组合间苗期叶锈潜育期存在明显差别,多数组合表现正向杂种优势。该性状属于数量性状遗传,由加性效应和非加性效应共同控制。一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达到极显著水准。不同亲本之间一般配合力效应差异显著。"80-57"的一般配合力效应为第一位,含有的有利显性基因也最多。选择配合力好的亲本进行组配是选育抗叶锈品种的积极有效的途径。 相似文献
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Six male sterile sunflower lines were crossed with seven restorers in a factorial mating design. The 13 inbred lines and their 42 F1 hybrids were planted in a randomized block design with three replicates. Each replicate consisted of two rows, 5 m long (30–35 plants per replicate). Resistance to natural Phomopsis infection, presented as the percentage of plants with no encircling necrosis lesions of the fungus on the main stem, was determined at physiological maturity. Analysis of variance showed that female and male general combining abilities (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of F1 hybrids were significant. The ratio of additive variance to total variance was 0.662, a high value which indicates prevailing additive effects. The additive variance due to females was more important than that of males, probably because of the existence of maternal effects or more effective genes for resistance in the female lines used in this experiment. The estimates of GCA were significant and positive for LC1004A, KO549A, 50KD8 and LC1064C inbred lines. These lines should be considered in developing hybrids with improved resistance to Phomopsis in sunflower breeding programmes. 相似文献
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T. Abou Al Fadil G. Dechamp-Guillaume R. Darvishzadeh A. Sarrafi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(4):341-346
Phoma macdonaldii is one of the most important pathogens of sunflower (Heliantus annuus) in France. In order to determine the inheritance of resistance to the disease, five sunflower genotypes with wide genetic
variability for resistance to two ‘collar’ and two ‘root’ Phoma isolates were crossed in a diallel programme. Four separate
experiments were undertaken under controlled conditions. In each one, the response of parental genotypes and their F1 hybrids
were evaluated with one of the four Phoma isolates. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the effects of genotype
on disease severity score when inoculated with ‘collar’ or ‘root’ Phoma isolates and showed significant variability among
parents and F1 hybrids for disease severity score. Diallel analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific
combining ability (SCA) effects for resistance to ‘collar’ and ‘root’ Phoma isolates were highly significant for each of the
four isolates indicating that both kinds of gene effects were important in controlling the resistance. The GCA/SCA ratios
were more than one for three out of four isolates showing that additive genetic effects were more important than non-additive
effects for resistance to three of the studied Phoma isolates. Hence, conventional breeding methods could be recommended to
achieve genetic improvement to such ‘collar’ and ‘root’ Phoma isolates. 相似文献
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Bonos SA 《Phytopathology》2006,96(8):808-812
ABSTRACT The dollar spot disease incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is an important disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Genetic resistance is an important control strategy and could reduce fungicide use. Despite recent research, the genetic mechanism of dollar spot resistance in turfgrasses is still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine narrow-sense heritability and predicted gain from selection for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass and (ii) evaluate inheritance characteristics of dollar spot disease resistance. Inheritance characteristics such as the detection of major genes, heterosis, maternal effects, and combining ability were determined by evaluating the disease severity of progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible bent-grass clones. Parental clones and progenies from crosses were established in a field trial in a randomized complete block design and inoculated with one isolate of S. homoeocarpa applied at a rate of 0.25 g m(-2) of prepared inoculum. Differences in progeny means between crosses were observed over both years. Progeny from resistant x resistant crosses had significantly less disease severity than resistant x susceptible and susceptible x susceptible crosses. High narrow-sense heritability estimates (0.79 [2002], 0.79 [2003]) and large mean squares for general combining ability support the idea that additive gene action plays a significant role in disease resistance and support previous research that dollar spot resistance is most likely quantitatively inherited. 相似文献