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两种麦蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性测定 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
用浸叶法测定了麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对 7种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明 ,麦长管蚜对 7种杀虫剂的分布均匀度呈以下规律 :辛硫磷 <毒死蜱 <吡虫啉 <抗蚜威 <啶虫脒 <氧乐果 <甲基对硫磷 ;LC50按以下次序增大 :啶虫脒 ,辛硫磷 ,毒死蜱 ,抗蚜威 ,甲基对硫磷 ,吡虫啉 ,氧乐果。禾谷缢管蚜对 6种杀虫剂敏感性分布均匀度呈以下规律 :吡虫啉 <毒死蜱 <啶虫脒 <抗蚜威 <甲基对硫磷 <氧乐果 ;LC50按以下次序增大 :啶虫脒 ,毒死蜱 ,吡虫啉 ,抗蚜威 ,甲基对硫磷 ,氧乐果。麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对 7种杀虫剂的敏感性依次为 :啶虫脒 <甲基对硫磷 <抗蚜威 <毒死蜱 <氧乐果 <吡虫啉。 相似文献
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田间试验结果表明,3.6％虫酰·苏+Bt(满贯)可湿性粉剂60 g/667 m2对斜纹夜蛾防治效果较好,防效为83.36O～87.36％,持效期为3～5 d,显著高于16 000 IU /μL苏云金杆菌(千胜)悬浮剂 50 mL/667 m2的62.56％～68.65％和4.5％高效氯氰菊酯可湿性粉剂30 g/667 m2防效21.43％～44.54％,低于90％灭多威可溶性粉剂20 g/667 m2防效85.25％～97.44％。 相似文献
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土壤施硅对小麦和麦蚜的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确土壤施硅对小麦蚜虫的防控效果，本研究在小麦种植前分别配施0（CK）、40、80和120 kg/hm2四个浓度的硅肥，测量施硅后小麦生育期、生物量、叶面积、株高、产量指标以及荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi发生量。结果表明，施硅对小麦株高和穗数无显著影响，但80 kg/hm2和120 kg/hm2浓度施硅处理后小麦叶面积分别为1 786.03 mm2和2 033.54 mm2，生物量分别为133.68 g和134.50 g，小麦穗粒数分别为35.61粒和35.92粒，小麦千粒重分别为45.34 g和45.59 g，小麦产量分别为9 684.45 kg/hm2和9 835.05 kg/hm2，均显著高于对照，且小麦成熟期较对照提前3 d；80 kg/hm2和120 kg/hm2浓度施硅处理后禾谷缢管蚜发生量分别为90头和86头，均显著低于对照；40、80和120 kg/hm2浓度施硅处理后荻草谷网蚜发生量分别为128、117和105头，均显著低于对照。因此，田间土壤施硅80 kg/hm2和120 kg/hm2可以明显改善小麦农艺性状，提高小麦产量，并能减少麦蚜发生量。 相似文献
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利用吡虫啉种子包衣技术防治麦蚜是我国小麦主产区一项重要的防控措施,目前对麦蚜的防控效果评价主要集中在自然混合种群上,对室内种群尤其是麦无网长管蚜的研究报道较少。为了明确吡虫啉种衣剂对单一蚜虫种类的影响,本文利用吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂处理的小麦苗接种4种蚜虫,分别于3、6和9 d后检查死亡率。并采用生命表方法评价种衣剂处理对麦无网长管生长发育、繁殖和种群生命参数的影响。结果表明:种衣剂处理小麦苗接种的4种蚜虫,3 d后死亡率大小依次为禾谷缢管蚜麦长管蚜麦二叉蚜麦无网长管蚜,6 d后禾谷缢管蚜和麦长管蚜全部死亡;9 d后麦二叉蚜全部死亡,但麦无网长管蚜死亡率仅为10.3%。生命表结果表明:麦无网长管蚜大部分个体在种衣剂处理麦苗上可以完成整个世代周期,但其生长发育延缓,存活率、寿命和繁殖力显著下降,内禀增长率(r_m)、周限增长率(λ)、净生殖率(R_0)显著降低,平均世代周期(T)显著延长。研究结果进一步证实吡虫啉包衣处理对麦长管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、麦二叉蚜具有很好的防治效果,但对麦无网长管蚜防效较差。 相似文献
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几种混配制剂防治美洲斑潜蝇田间药效试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
田间试验表明 :氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯分别与阿维菌素混配防治美洲斑潜蝇其速效性和持效性均显著优于单剂。以有效药量计算 ,19%氰戊·阿维EC(9.5g/667m2)、15%氰戊·阿维EC-1(7.5g/667m2)、15%氰戊·阿维EC-2(7.5g/667m2)药后 3～11d对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的校正防效分别为 85.17%～90.55%、86.20%～88.97%、85.90%～86.87% ;10%氯氰·阿维EC-1(5g/667m2)、10%氯氰·阿维EC-2(5g/667m2)药后 3～11d对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的校正防效分别为83.65%～87.36%、82.58%～87.66%。以上 5个处理均显著优于相应单剂氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯的同期防效 ;5个处理药后 3d防效均显著优于阿维菌素 ,药后 7～10d防效除 19%氰戊·阿维EC与之相比不显著外 ,均显著低于阿维菌素相应防效 相似文献
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采用微量滴度酶标板法测定了吡虫啉亚致死剂量对桃蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的影响。结果表明,用不同亚致死剂量吡虫啉处理桃蚜后AChE的活力明显降低,表现为抑制作用,且不同剂量间AChE的活力差异显著;酶动力学分析表明,AChE的Km值显著降低,而Vmax显著升高,表明吡虫啉亚致死剂量处理桃蚜后AChE与底物的亲和力明显增强,且最大反应速度显著加快。用LC10的吡虫啉处理桃蚜后AChE的活力随时间的延长而变化,且表现为明显的抑制作用;AChE的Km随时间的变化表现为先升高后降低的趋势,但Vmax均升高。此外研究了LC10的吡虫啉处理桃蚜后AChE在不同亚细胞层的分布特征,结果表明,AChE比活力的高低次序依次为:微粒体>细胞核与细胞碎片>线粒体>细胞质液;吡虫啉亚致死剂量处理后虽然没有影响AChE在亚细胞中的分布,但是却改变了对底物的亲和力和最大反应速度。 相似文献
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小麦禾谷缢管蚜发生为害与生态环境研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
八十年代以来,我区麦蚜频繁成灾,减产2—3成的麦田较为普遍,研究证明:成灾的主要原因是优势种群已由麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(Fabr.)转变为禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphumpadi(L.)。田间调查弄清了禾谷缢管蚜在不同海拔高度的早、中、晚播麦田的不同生育阶段,以及在植株各部位的分布。穗期禾谷缢管蚜发生轻重与3月中旬平均温度呈正相关,与3月下旬雨量呈负相关。由此建立了预测禾谷缢管蚜发生程度的多元回归方程式: Y=0.792 0.205X_1-0.015X_2用这个预测式回测8年田间实测值与预测值极近。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Entomopathogenic fungi such as Verticillium lecanii (Z.) (Mycotal®) are used for pest control as an alternative to chemical control. In this study, the effect of V. lecanii on cereal aphids is assessed. In addition, an investigation is carried out to determine whether the use of V. lecanii affects the performance of two natural enemies of aphids, the predator Harmonia axyridis (P.) and the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (V.), in no‐choice experiments under laboratory conditions. RESULTS: The number of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.) killed was increased by increasing the concentration of V. lecanii. The timing of application of fungus to aphids affected the efficacy of other biocontrol agents, a parasitoid and a predator. Parasitation by A. colemani (V.) in both cereal aphids (S. avenae and R. padi) was not affected by V. lecanii when aphids were first treated with V. lecanii and then exposed to A. colemani. The emergence of adults from parasitised mummies was, however, lower in infected aphids than in uninfected aphids when the aphids were first exposed to the parasitoids and then treated with fungus. The female sex ratio in the emerging adults was lower in V. lecanii‐treated aphids in both species. When aphids were first treated with V. lecanii, 72 h before predation, fewer aphids of both species were consumed by H. axyridis (P.). CONCLUSION: Use of entomopathogenic fungus as a biological control agent could be a complementary strategy in an integrated pest management programme against cereal aphids, but it can reduce the efficiency of other biocontrol agents (parasitoids and predators) when applied simultaneously. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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S. C. Hand L. Hand 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):137-146
Cereal aphids on a wheat crop were sampled through the winter of 1982/1983 using both fixed and random quadrats.Sitobion avenae overwintered successfully anholocyclically although there was a substantial decline in the population of this species. No evidence for successful anholocyclic overwintering in other aphid species was found, althoughRhopalosiphum padi was seen to colonise the crop in early winter and was found until the end of December.Eggs ofR. padi onPrunus padus were observed through the winter. A steady decline in their numbers occurred. The overall survival rate of the 5385 eggs was c.30%.Eggs ofMetopolophium dirhodum onRosa spp. were also monitored. They also showed a steady decline in numbers through the winter. The overall survival rate of the 1360 eggs was c.34%.Egg hatch in bothR. padi andM. dirhodum was closely synchronised with bud burst of their host plant. For the latter species this resulted in egg hatch starting in January.Samenvatting In de winter van 1982/1983 werden de graanluizen in een tarwegewas regelmatig geteld in willekeurig en in van tevoren gekozen monstereenheden. Hoewel er een aanmerkelijke afname van de populatie vanSitobion avenae werd waargenomen, overwinterde deze soort toch anholocyclish. Er werden geen aanwijzingen gevonden dat de andere bladluissoorten anholocyclish overwinterden hoewel kolonies vanRhopalosiphum padi tot eind december werden waargenomen.De gehele winter werden eieren vanR. padi opPrunus padi aangetroffen, de aantallen ervan namen geleidelijk af; van de 5385 getelde eieren overleefde ongeveer 30%. Ook de aantallen eieren vanMetopolophium dirhodum opRosa spp. werden reglematig vastgesteld; ook hier werd een geleidelijke afname geconstateerd. Van de oorspronkelijk getelde 1360 eieren overleefde ongeveer 34%.Het uitkomen van de eieren vanR. padi enM. dirhodum viel nauw samen met het uitlopen van de knoppen van hun waardplant. VoorM. dirhodum betekende dit dat de eerste eieren al begin januari uitkwamen. 相似文献
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Studies conducted in the 2000 cropping season at two different localities, Flaeming and Magdeburger Boerde in Germany, have provided new information on cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)) parasitoids in winter wheat; their species composition, relative abundance, hosts, and location effects. The average aphid population density was higher at Magdeburger Boerde and lower at Flaeming. Among the aphid species, Sitobion avenae was more abundant at Flaeming and Metopolophium dirhodum at Magdeburger Boerde. In total, eight species of primary parasitoids were recorded: Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius rhopalosiphi DeStefani Perez, Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius picipes (Nees), Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Praon gallicumStarý, and Praon volucre (Haliday). The predominant parasitoid species were Aphidius colemani and Aphidius rhopalosiphi on Metopolophium dirhodum and Aphidius uzbekistanicus on Sitobion avenae. A low number of hyperparasitoids were also recorded. Aphidius colemani was recorded for the first time in the open winter wheat fields in Germany, although it has been used as a biocontrol agent in glasshouses in many European countries and overseas. An analysis of the aforementioned information shows that Aphidius colemani detected as a parasitoid of cereal aphids in Germany is likely a result of an accidental escape of parasitoids from a glasshouse, as well as their successful overwintering and establishment in the area. This study provides baseline information essential for assessing future changes in aphid parasitoid species guild and dynamics in cereal fields in Germany. 相似文献
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Studies conducted in the 2000 cropping season at two different localities, Flaeming and Magdeburger Boerde in Germany, have provided new information on cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)) parasitoids in winter wheat; their species composition, relative abundance, hosts, and location effects. The average aphid population density was higher at Magdeburger Boerde and lower at Flaeming. Among the aphid species, Sitobion avenae was more abundant at Flaeming and Metopolophium dirhodum at Magdeburger Boerde. In total, eight species of primary parasitoids were recorded: Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius rhopalosiphi DeStefani Perez, Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius picipes (Nees), Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Praon gallicumStarý, and Praon volucre (Haliday). The predominant parasitoid species were Aphidius colemani and Aphidius rhopalosiphi on Metopolophium dirhodum and Aphidius uzbekistanicus on Sitobion avenae. A low number of hyperparasitoids were also recorded. Aphidius colemani was recorded for the first time in the open winter wheat fields in Germany, although it has been used as a biocontrol agent in glasshouses in many European countries and overseas. An analysis of the aforementioned information shows that Aphidius colemani detected as a parasitoid of cereal aphids in Germany is likely a result of an accidental escape of parasitoids from a glasshouse, as well as their successful overwintering and establishment in the area. This study provides baseline information essential for assessing future changes in aphid parasitoid species guild and dynamics in cereal fields in Germany. 相似文献
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I.N. Smyrnioudis R. Harrington M. Hall N. Katis S.J. Clark 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(2):167-173
The efficiencies of seven clones of Rhopalosiphum padi and five clones of Sitobion avenae (originating from Greece and the United Kingdom) as vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus (PAV-like isolate) were evaluated at 5, 10 and 15°C. When inoculation took place at 5 or 10°C, clones of R. padi differed in their ability to transmit. At 15°C there were no differences in the vectoring ability of different clones. For S. avenae, there were no interclonal differences in the transmission efficiency at any of the temperatures. The epidemiological consequences of differences in virus transmission at different temperatures are discussed. 相似文献
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Ricardo Ramirez-Romero Nicolas Desneux Josette Chaufaux 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2008,91(2):110-115
Bt-maize crop is increasingly used worldwide and the study of ecological side effects is a major subject in this domain. Under laboratory conditions, we determined Bt-maize effects on the non-target aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae). We found no significant differences between S. avenae on MON810 and the near-isogenic line when alate offspring production, apterous survivorship, longevity, intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm), finite rates of increase and doubling times were compared. No significant differences were found between treatments for apterous pre-reproductive and reproductive periods. Additionally, we used immunological tests (ELISA) to detect Cry1Ab protein in maize leaves and S. avenae nymphs. Results showed that Bt-maize leaves expressed 0.203 (±0.05) μg Cry1Ab/g leaf tissue (Mean ± SEM). No Cry1Ab protein was present in S. avenae nymphs developing on Bt or conventional maize. We conclude that Bt-maize does not affect the development of the non-target aphid S. avenae and that Cry1Ab toxin quantities in these aphids are nil, suggesting an inconsequential risk for natural enemies of this aphid species. 相似文献
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Assessment of Transmission Ability of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV Isolates by Different Populations of Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. Bencharki M. El Yamani D. Zaoui 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(5):455-464
Populations of two aphid species from different geographic regions of Morocco were tested for their ability to transmit five barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) type isolates using Clintland 64 oat as the test plant. Transmission efficiencies were determined for 10 sub-populations of Rhopalosiphum padi and 12 sub-populations of Sitobion avenae. After a short acquisition access period (AAP) of 4h, all populations transmitted the virus but with different efficiencies. R. padi (Rp-S) and S. avenae (Sa-S) collected in the Settat region were the most efficient vectors, with transmission rates of 38% and 27%, respectively. R. padi (Rp-C) collected at Chaouen and S. avenae (Sa-B) at Berkane, were poor transmitters with respective vectoring abilities of 20% and 16%. These four sub-populations were chosen to study the acquisition of BYDV-PAV and the retention of virus within aphids in more detail. The transmission after two AAPs of 4h and 48h were compared. Starved aphids given a 4h AAP had significantly higher transmission efficiencies than non-starved aphids. However, after a 48h AAP, no difference was observed in the transmission between starved and non-starved aphids. Intraspecific variability was also detected by means of serial transfers of individual aphids after the given AAP. Following the first day of serial transfers, no differences were observed in transmission efficiency and virus titers for sub-populations within each species acquiring the virus during 48h, but there was significant variation when the virus was acquired in 4h. The levels of PAV antigen retained by aphids fed on healthy plants declined rapidly during the first day after acquisition, but remained fairly constant during the next 5–7 days depending on the length of the AAP. Virus antigen could be detected by ELISA in Rp-S and Sa-S for up to 11 days of serial transfer, but it was shown that aphids could retain and transmit BYDV-PAV for at least 3 weeks. 相似文献
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三种杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和捕食性天敌群落的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
以2种选择性杀虫剂吡虫啉、抗蚜威和一种广谱性杀虫剂氧化乐果为试验材料，研究了选择性杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和捕食性天敌群落结构特征的影响。结果表明，施用选择性杀虫剂的小区在农药持效期内麦蚜群落的多样性指数和均匀度低于空白对照区，高于氧化乐果处理区，而优势度和优势集中度高于空白对照区，低于氧化乐果处理区；捕食性天敌群落的多样性指数低于空白对照区，高于氧化乐果处理区，优势度和优势集中度高于空白对照区，低于氧化乐果处理区。选择性杀虫剂处理区瓢蚜比小于空白对照区和氧化乐果处理区，且有效期长达15－16d。根据害虫和天敌发生的特点及选择性杀虫剂的特性，提出了麦蚜的有效防治措施，即在麦蚜为害关键时期，每667m^2用吡虫啉1g(ai)或抗蚜威2.5g(ai)喷施1次，再利用自然天敌调控作用，即可有效控制麦蚜。 相似文献