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《中国果树》2017,(6)
农业部2017年13项重点工作之一就是抓好现代产业园建设,现代果业产业园是发展现代农业产业园的重要载体,当前制约我国果业发展的因素较多,主要表现在产业发展规划跟不上时代发展,"产-学-研"协作体系不完善,创新能力低,优质果品的总量相对较少等;果树种苗市场混乱,懂专业技术、有现代果园管理实践经验的技术人员缺乏,果业发展创新理念不够等这些因素也同样制约着现代果业产业园区的建设与发展。发展现代果业产业园,发挥科研单位的优势,推进我国果树最新成果和技术的转化和示范,引导我国果业走上规模化、区域化、标准化、产业化发展之路,为果业增效、果农增收,同时促进现代果业可持续发展;发展现代果业产业园,将产业优势转化为经济优势,是促进我国"果业强、果农富、果乡美"的必然选择,也是破解城乡发展难题的有力突破口,更是果区全面建成小康社会的重要抓手。 相似文献
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果业高质量发展是更好地满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，促进农民增收、农业增效，实现果树生产大国向产业强国转变的必然要求。提出了促进我国果业高质量发展的7个方面的战略思考与建议：实施创新驱动战略，加快实现果业科技攻关的突破；优化果树区域布局，优化树种与品种结构；推进果业三产融合，实现果业产业化开发；规范果树良种苗木繁育体系建设，培育高质量健康果树种苗；加强自然灾害和病虫害等突发事件预警，提高防灾减灾与抗风险能力；加快果树科技成果的示范推广与转移转化，提高果业科技贡献率；成立国家果树科技创新联盟，为果业高质量发展提供强有力支撑。 相似文献
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全面解读了《黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要》，从中梳理出了水源涵养、水土保持、生态治理、水源节约、面污治理和富民产业6个关键词。对标6个关键词，总结提出以土壤有机质含量为核心的果园基础地力差是我国黄河流域高质量发展和果树产业提质增效面临的瓶颈或卡脖子问题。我国的盐碱地主要分布在黄河流域，梨树抗盐碱能力强，是黄河流域高质量发展及盐碱地高效利用的首选果树树种，但主栽品种“晚熟而不优质”是制约我国梨产业优质高效发展的卡脖子问题。利用苹果育种技术培育出优质、耐贮、极晚熟、抗氧化梨新品种山农酥，已经成为更新换代品种，推动了我国梨产业优质高效发展。在全面分析黄河流域生态特点、解读果园生草试验案例的基础上，发明了单一性与多样性有机结合、长柔毛野豌豆与自然生草多年交互生长的果园生草新模式，通过广泛应用取得了培肥、节水、省力的显著效果。 相似文献
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对三门峡市苹果品种结构调整的建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三门峡市是我国苹果的最佳适生区之一.区划调整以来,市委、市政府充分利用这一资源优势,狠抓以苹果为主的果树生产,使之成为三门峡市农村经济的一大支柱产业.通过近年来的苹果产业内部结构调整,不断优化苹果产业、品种结构,提高了苹果的质量和效益,为实现农业增效、果农增收、农村经济发展奠定了良好基础. 相似文献
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China is an important fruit-producing country in the world. In recent years, the fruit planting area in China increased significantly, and the total fruit output has also rapidly increased. In this context of development, the characteristic fruit industry has become an important source of rural agricultural economic income in China. The stable production of characteristic fruits and disaster prevention and mitigation are of great significance for improving people's living standards and promoting the development of agricultural economy. At the same time, China has a vast territory, spanning three main climatic zones from north to south, and the damage caused by meteorological disasters of fruit trees is extremely serious and frequent. Therefore, research on meteorological disasters of fruit trees is one of the hot topics in agrometeorological disasters research. Especially, the research on meteorological disaster indicator of economic fruit trees is particularly important, which is an inevitable link in disaster monitoring, early warning, defense, planting planning, risk zoning and other research. In this paper, the main meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in China are classified and systematically expounded, by using the method of classification and summary. In this paper, the basic concept and significance of meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees are defined firstly, and then the research history and progress of meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in China are summarized. The main research methods of meteorological disaster indicator of fruit trees in China, including fruit trees and disaster types, technology level and main achievements, were summarized in two periods before and after the 21st century. On this basis, the existing meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in China are divided into three categories according to their construction methods: the empirical indicator construction method based on disaster verification and disaster investigation; the comprehensive indicator construction method based on the relationship between disaster-causing factors and yields; and the experimental construction method based on artificial climate chamber or artificial climate box. According to the composition types of meteorological disasters of fruit trees in China, the existing meteorological disasters indicators of fruit trees are divided into three categories: single factor indicators, multi-factor indicators and comprehensive indicators. According to the key meteorological factors causing meteorological disasters of fruit trees, the existing meteorological disasters indicators of fruit trees are divided into several categories: low temperature disaster indicators, high temperature disaster indicators, drought disaster indicators, rainstorm disaster indicators and so on. Secondly, aiming at the northern fruit trees, this paper summarizes the research on late frost damage indicator of apple, pear, apricot, plum and grape in spring, drought disaster indicators of apple and walnut, hot damage indicators of apple and kiwifruit in summer, rainstorm disaster indicator of apple and jujube in autumn, and freezing injury indicators of pear, apricot and jujube in winter. For southern fruit trees, it summarizes the research on high temperature damage indicator of citrus, and the research on freezing damage indicator of citrus, litchi, longan, mango and loquat in winter. At the same time, this paper summarizes the types, construction methods, uses, advantages and disadvantages of the above meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees in agrometeorological service. Finally, this paper discusses the existing problems and the future development direction of the research on meteorological disaster indicators of fruit trees, from the aspects of indicator composition, indicator construction method, fruit tree species, industrial development needs, and new technology and methods. It is expected that the results of this study can provide reference for the distribution of main fruit trees, industrial optimization, disaster prevention and mitigation, and provide scientific guarantee for the healthy, stable and sustainable development of fruit tree growing industry in China. © 2019 Journal of Fruit Science 相似文献
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改革开放40余年来,我国水果产业取得了令人瞩目的成就.通过分析我国水果产业供需矛盾和国际贸易形势的变化以及在产业发展过程中涌现出的典型案例,介绍了我国水果产业6种发展类型;总结了产业发展的"一二三"原则,即发现"唯一"的资源要素,在宏观布局中考虑适宜发展和适度发展"二个适",坚持技术、经济、环保"三可行",实现自然优势... 相似文献
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自1978年以来,猕猴桃在我国商业化研发和种植已超过40年,种植面积和产量均已位居世界第一,但果实品质良莠不齐,很难与国外果品比拼。根据多年的从业经验并结合国内外产业考察及技术咨询中的问题进行总结,探讨了我国目前猕猴桃果实品质整体水平不高的主要原因:猕猴桃作为雌雄异株栽培的果树,果农及大部分管理者对其栽培技术缺乏了解导致盲目引种、措施落实不到位、技术应用缺乏针对性和创新不足、社会化服务与供给侧改革不完善、品牌意识淡薄、缺乏市场引导机制与消费者需求信息等方面,都是从不同层面影响到猕猴桃果实品质的主要因素。猕猴桃产业发展和果实品质提升是一个系统性工程,统筹和协调控制好与果实品质相关的主要因子,促成猕猴桃果实内部品质的整体提升,才能"管"出高品质的猕猴桃,引导产业向纵深发展。 相似文献
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通过分析我国食用菌的物流现状,并结合食用菌的特性进行研究后发现,致使我国食用菌产品供应链物流发展水平较低的原因主要在于物流网络的流通过程不通畅,在当前信息化技术日益发展的当下,将物联网理念充分应用于食用菌供应链物流网络的智能化建设与管理中,可促进食用菌产业的发展,从而促进食用菌养殖地区的经济发展。 相似文献
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花椒浑身都是宝,具有较高的经济价值。花椒是河北省平山县重要的地方特色树种,结果早,丰产,管理简单,经济收益高,是平山县的“县树”。但整体而言,平山花椒产业发展滞后,尤其是没有形成标准化和产业化,带动椒农增收能力不强。为探索制约花椒产业发展的因素,本文介绍了平山县花椒产业基本情况和产业中存在的问题,并针对存在的问题,提出了平山县花椒产业的发展建议,如进行标准化建设、争取项目资金扶持、创新产业发展体制机制、打造具有县域特色的产业等,以提高平山县花椒产业的知名度,使其成为当地的优势特色产业。 相似文献
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我国水果适宜总规模的探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
分析了近年我国水果的产销形势及我国人均水果生产量较大程度低于世界平均水平而出现相对过剩的原因认为除了国民收入水平之外另一重要原因是我国人民的消费习惯-喜欢食用蔬菜并超过水果而我国人均水果和蔬菜的合并产量大大超过绝大部分发达国家的水平。提出大大减少现有无效果园面积提高全国平均单位面积产量；减少苹果、柑橘和梨的面积适当增加其他果树面积；控制水果产量的过快增长实现水果行业经济有效的发展。 相似文献