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1.
甘蔗二点螟的生物学与测报调查方法初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
二点螟是我省甘蔗上的主要害虫。根据笔者多年的调查观察,本文报导甘蔗二点螟的生物学及测报调查方法。1甘蔗二点螟的生物学在我省,甘蔗二点螟一年发生4～5代,以老熟幼虫和少数低龄幼虫在宿根蔗残、残留蔗茎及秋冬笋枯南内越冬。越冬幼虫在3月底至4月下旬化蛹、羽化为成虫。各代幼虫主害时期：第一代4月底～5月下旬;第2代6月下旬～7月中旬;第三代7月下旬～8月中旬;第四代8月下旬～9月上旬。成虫多在夜晚羽化,白天躲避,晚间活动,靠雌蛾分泌性外激素,引诱雄蛾交尾;第二天晚上开始产卵,持续4～5d,产卵200粒左右。卵多产在l～4叶的… 相似文献
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桃潜叶蛾的危害及防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桃潜叶蛾是近几年危害核果类果树叶片的主要害虫之一 ,严重时能造成果园绝产。主要危害桃、杏、李、樱桃等核果类果树 ,同时又危害苹果、梨等果树叶片。一、危害症状以幼虫在叶组织内潜食危害 ,串成弯曲潜道 ,并将粪便充塞其中 ,叶表皮不破裂 ,由叶面可透视虫道。叶受害严重时枯死脱落 ,严重时造成果园绝产。二、虫源及发生规律桃潜叶蛾属鳞翅目 ,潜叶蛾科 ,又称桃叶潜蛾。它１年发生６～７代 ,以蛹在被害叶上结一白色丝茧越冬。来年桃展叶后 ,羽化成虫一夜间在叶表皮内产卵 ,幼虫孵化后危害 ,老熟后在叶内吐丝结白色薄茧化蛹 ,５月上中旬发… 相似文献
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棉铃虫一年发生4～5代,第一代和第五代发生在棉田外寄主植物上。各发育阶段的发育始点温度和有效积温:卵10.6℃和46.2日度,幼虫9.0℃和245.9日度,蛹12.8℃和144.7日度,全世代11.7℃和454.1日度。雌蛾交配率50%左右,多数交配1次,交配了的雌蛾平均产卵千粒以上。幼虫食料种类对幼虫的发育速度,脱皮次数,幼虫体色,蛹的素质和雌蛾生殖力都有很大的影响。幼虫在自然日长12小时左右和温度20℃左右发育,化蛹后处在19℃以下的温度下,出现50%左右的滞育蛹。田间越冬的蛹4月中旬至5月羽化,越冬蛹期平均202～210天。田间种群消长属第三代多发型。7～8月降雨适量,分布均匀,对棉铃虫发生有利。近年来由于棉区耕作制度和作物品种的变化,棉铃虫的发生趋向减轻。 相似文献
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蓼科杂草的重要天敌——蓼蓝齿胫叶甲 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
蓼蓝齿胫叶甲是蓼科杂草的重要天敌 ,以成虫、幼虫取食寄主叶片、叶柄和和植株生长点 ,导致全株枯死。该虫在宜昌 1年发生 1代,2月底至 3月初成虫出蛰取食、交配产卵 ,3月中旬始见幼虫,4月上旬至 6月上旬老熟幼虫入土化蛹 ,4月中旬以后成虫陆续羽化 ,以未交配成虫在土壤中越夏越冬。该虫历期卵7～10d ,幼虫10～20d ,蛹5～10d ,成虫期长达1年之久 相似文献
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金纹细蛾成为造成果树早期落叶病的主要虫害之一 ,每年造成果树落叶率达 2 0 %～ 30 % ,严重达5 0 %以上 ,2 0 0 2年在夏县阴庄、中其里等村许多果园发病严重 ,虫叶率达 70 %～ 80 % ,单叶有虫 2～ 3头 ,发生严重 ,危害大。金纹细蛾俗称潜叶蛾 ,为食叶害虫 ,主要以幼虫从叶背潜食叶肉 ,形成椭圆形虫斑 ,表皮皱缩成筛网状 ,叶面拱起 ,斑内有黑色虫粪 ,虫斑常发生在叶片边缘 ,严重时布满整个叶片 ,丧失光合能力 ,使有机养分供应不足 ,叶片发黄 ,果树早期落叶。该虫以蛹在被害叶片上越冬 ,翌年苹果发芽时出现成虫 ,每年发生 5～ 6代 ,4月上旬达… 相似文献
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新乡县杨树杨扇舟蛾大发生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨扇舟蛾又名杨天社蛾,１９９６～１９９８年连续在河南省新乡县大面积杨树上发生,以幼虫取食杨树叶片,１９９８年全县３５０万株杨树遭受为害,其中树叶被吃光的近２５０万株,呈现“夏树冬景”的景象,造成经济损失达２５００万元。杨扇舟蛾在新乡县１ａ发生４代,以蛹在落叶中、树皮裂缝或村边墙缝中结茧越冬。翌年４月中下旬始见成虫,交尾、产卵。每头雌蛾产卵２００～４００粒,卵多产于叶面,呈块状。初龄幼虫有群集性,吐丝连叶,聚集在叶苞内取食,幼虫稍大分散为害。第一代幼虫４月下旬或５月上旬开始出现,以后各代虫态叠置。… 相似文献
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油菜花露尾甲的发生规律及药剂防治 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
通过田间系统调查和室内饲养观察表明 :油菜花露尾甲在甘肃临夏春油菜上 1年发生 1代。越冬代成虫春季先侵害早熟的门源油菜 ,之后再危害中熟的甘蓝型油菜和晚熟的芥菜型油菜。侵入的高峰期与油菜蕾盛期 (初花 )相吻合 ,花后虫量锐减。在室温 16.9～17.9℃下饲养 ,卵期3～4d ;幼虫 2龄 ,1龄 2～3d ,2龄 2d ;预蛹期3～5d ,蛹期5～ 9d。幼虫在田间化蛹深度0～6cm ,80%集中在0～3cm的表土中。成虫对黄色有趋性 ,蕾 (花 )期用药是控制该虫危害的关键时期。 2.5%敌杀死3.12mg/kg防治成虫效果较好 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
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Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
14.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
15.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
16.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
17.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
18.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
19.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
20.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献